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The work described herein was approved by the UK Biobank under application number 20802. The All of Us data used in this study were originally collected by the All of Us Research Program under its informed consent process. Only de-identified data were accessed for the present analysis, and no direct contact with participants occurred. For Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, data were collected under ethics approval of the Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues Committee, which was formed by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. All informed consent and ethical approval were obtained in the original studies. The FinnGen and the Million Veteran Program data used in this study were obtained from publicly available summary statistics. 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