{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:03:51Z","timestamp":1793390631121,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,30]],"date-time":"2014-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,30]],"date-time":"2014-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Prior studies have established altered microbiota and immunologic reactivity to enteric commensal organisms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since intestinal inflammation is present in a subset of patients with both pediatric and adult spondyloarthritis (SpA), we hypothesized that SpA patients may also have altered microbiota and immune responsiveness to enteric organisms.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Stool and blood specimens were collected from children with enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and non-inflammatory controls. DNA purified from stool was subject to PCR amplification and sequencing of the variable IV region from the 16S rDNA gene. IgA and IgG Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) were performed on select species of bacteria in most subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Twenty-five children with ERA and 13 controls were included. The ERA patients had less <jats:italic>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> (3.8% versus 10%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.008) and <jats:italic>lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic> family (12 versus 7.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.020), a statistically significant increase in <jats:italic>bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> (1.8% versus 0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.032) and a non-statistically significant increase in <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> (21% versus 11%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.150). <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic> was abundant (&gt;2%) in 7\/27 ERA patients but none of the controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.072.) Cluster analysis revealed two clusters of ERA patients: Cluster one (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8) was characterized by high levels of <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> genus, while a second (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 15) cluster had similar levels as the controls. Seven of 17 (41%) of the ERA subjects in Cluster 2 compared to 0\/8 of the subjects in Cluster 1 had abundant <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.057). Serum IgA and IgG antibody levels against <jats:italic>F. prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. fragilis<\/jats:italic> were similar between patients and controls, whereas the two groups showed divergent responses when the fecal relative abundances of <jats:italic>F. prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> were compared individually against IgA antibody levels recognizing <jats:italic>F. prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. fragilis,<\/jats:italic> respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The abundance of <jats:italic>F. prausnitzii<\/jats:italic> in the stool among patients with ERA is reduced compared to controls, and <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic> are identified as associative agents in subsets of ERA patients. Differences in the humoral responses to these bacteria may contribute to disease.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0486-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,29]],"date-time":"2014-11-29T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1417269749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":196,"title":["Altered microbiota associated with abnormal humoral immune responses to commensal organisms in enthesitis-related arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Matthew L","family":"Stoll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey D","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot J","family":"Lefkowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqin","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Genin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy Q","family":"Cron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles O","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23177","volume":"58","author":"CG Helmick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Kwoh CK, Liang MH, Kremers HM, Mayes MD, Merkel PA, Pillemer SR, Reveille JD, Stone JH, National Arthritis Data Workgroup: Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. 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