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Data sources; MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, hand-searched reference lists, citation history and contact with authors. Eligibility criteria: cohort, case\u2013control or cross-sectional studies which examined the occurrence of chronic kidney disease or nephrolithiasis amongst adults with gout (with or without a non-gout comparator group) in primary care or general population samples. Prevalence and risk estimate meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects model.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis (chronic kidney disease n\u2009=\u20097, nephrolithiasis n\u2009=\u20098, both n\u2009=\u20092). Pooled prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease stage \u22653 and self-reported lifetime nephrolithiasis in people with gout were 24% (95% confidence interval 19% to 28%) and 14% (95% CI 12% to 17%) respectively. Gout was associated with both chronic kidney disease (pooled adjusted odds ratio 2.41, 95% confidence interval 1.86 to 3.11) and self-reported lifetime nephrolithiasis (1.77, 1.43 to 2.19).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis are commonly found amongst patients with gout. Gout is independently associated with both chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis. Patients with gout should be actively screened for chronic kidney disease and its consequences.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0610-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T14:31:07Z","timestamp":1427898667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Gout and risk of chronic kidney disease and nephrolithiasis: meta-analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Matthew J","family":"Roughley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Belcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian D","family":"Mallen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Roddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"610_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"C Kuo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuo C, Grainge MJ, Mallen C, Zhang W, Doherty M. 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