{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T09:21:20Z","timestamp":1792401680360,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,13]],"date-time":"2015-08-13T20:25:57Z","timestamp":1439497557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":487,"title":["Incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Teresa A.","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal K.","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc C.","family":"Hochberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samy","family":"Suissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"728_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27584","volume":"62","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, Funovits J, Felson DT, Bingham 3rd CO, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:2569\u201381.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.126532","volume":"69","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Landew\u00e9 R, Breedveld FC, Dougados M, Emery P, Gaujoux-Viala C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:964\u201375.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21641","volume":"64","author":"JA Singh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Singh JA, Furst DE, Bharat A, Curtis JR, Kavanaugh AF, Kremer JM, et al. 2012 update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64:625\u201339.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"728_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2417","volume":"10","author":"T Love","year":"2008","unstructured":"Love T, Solomon DH. The relationship between cancer and rheumatoid arthritis: still a large research agenda. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10:109.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"728_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2012.09.006","volume":"38","author":"JJ Cush","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cush JJ, Dao KH. Malignancy risks with biologic therapies. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2012;38:761\u201370.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"728_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R45","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2404","volume":"10","author":"AL Smitten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smitten AL, Simon TA, Hochberg MC, Suissa S. A meta-analysis of the incidence of malignancy in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10:R45.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"728_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204993","volume":"74","author":"SC Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SC, Glynn RJ, Giovannucci E, Hern\u00e1ndez-D\u00edaz S, Liu J, Feldman S, et al. Risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women with systemic inflammatory diseases: a population-based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:1360\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.7.5.539","volume":"7","author":"EF Chakravarty","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chakravarty EF, Farmer ER. Risk of skin cancer in the drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2008;7:539\u201346.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"key":"728_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1159\/000314634","volume":"57","author":"Z Szekanecz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Szekanecz Z, Szekanecz \u00c9, Bak\u00f3 G, Shoenfeld Y. Malignancies in autoimmune rheumatic disease \u2013 a mini-review. Gerontology. 2011;57:3\u201310.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"728_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27402","volume":"62","author":"K Hellgren","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hellgren K, Smedby KE, Feltelius N, Baecklund E, Askling J. Do rheumatoid arthritis and lymphoma share risk factors? A comparison of lymphoma and cancer risks before and after diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1252\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177\u201388.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"728_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30134","volume":"63","author":"YJ Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen YJ, Chang YT, Wang CB, Wu CY. The risk of cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:352\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201969","volume":"72","author":"L Dreyer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dreyer L, Mellemkj\u00e6r L, Andersen AR, Bennett P, Poulsen UE, Juulsgaard Elligsen T, et al. Incidences of overall and site specific cancers in TNF\u03b1 inhibitor treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides \u2013 a follow-up study from the DANBIO Registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:79\u201382.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken130","volume":"47","author":"K Hemminki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hemminki K, Li X, Sundquist K, Sundquist J. Cancer risk in hospitalized rheumatoid arthritis patients. Rheumatology. 2008;47:698\u2013701.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"728_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kes350","volume":"52","author":"L Mercer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mercer L, Davies R, Galloway JB, Low A, Lunt M, Dixon WG, et al. Risk of cancer in patients receiving non-biologic disease-modifying therapy for rheumatoid arthritis compared with the UK general population. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:91\u20138.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"728_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-009-9298-y","volume":"20","author":"A Parikh-Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parikh-Patel A, White RH, Allen M, Cress R. Risk of cancer among rheumatoid arthritis patients in California. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20:1001\u201310.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"728_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1524-0","volume":"31","author":"T Yamada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yamada T, Nakajima A, Inoue E, Tanaka E, Taniguchi A, Momohara S, et al. Incidence of malignancy in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31:1487\u201392.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"728_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110704","volume":"39","author":"YJ Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim YJ, Shim JS, Choi CB, Bae SC. Mortality and incidence of malignancy in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:226\u201332.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23716","volume":"59","author":"R Buchbinder","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buchbinder R, Barber M, Heuzenroeder L, Wluka AE, Giles G, Hall S, et al. Incidence of melanoma and other malignancies among rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;59:794\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2007.08.006","volume":"37","author":"L Ab\u00e1solo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ab\u00e1solo L, J\u00fadez E, Descalzo M\u00c1, Gonz\u00e1lez-\u00c1lvaro I, Jover JA, Carmona L, et al. Cancer in rheumatoid arthritis: occurrence, mortality and associated factors in a South European population. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2008;37:388\u201397.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.033993","volume":"64","author":"J Askling","year":"2005","unstructured":"Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, Baecklund E, Bertilsson L, Feltelius N, et al. Risks of solid cancers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and after treatment with tumour necrosis factor antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:1421\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400906","volume":"40","author":"J Cibere","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cibere J, Sibley J, Haga M. Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40:1580\u20136.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22430","volume":"56","author":"J Franklin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Franklin J, Lunt M, Bunn D, Symmons D, Silman A. Influence of inflammatory polyarthritis on cancer incidence and survival: results from a community-based prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:790\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.4.307","volume":"85","author":"G Gridley","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gridley G, McLaughlin JK, Ekbom A, Klareskog L, Adami HO, Hacker DG, et al. Incidence of cancer among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:307\u201311.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"728_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(96)00210-9","volume":"32A","author":"L Mellemkjaer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mellemkjaer L, Linet MS, Gridley G, Frisch M, M\u00f8ller H, Olsen JH. Rheumatoid arthritis and cancer risk. Eur J Cancer. 1996;32A:1753\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"728_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749509099305","volume":"24","author":"H Moritomo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moritomo H, Ueda T, Hiyama T, Hosono N, Mori S, Komatsubara Y. The risk of cancer in rheumatoid patients in Japan. Scand J Rheumatol. 1995;24:157\u20139.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20001101)88:3<497::AID-IJC27>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"88","author":"E Thomas","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thomas E, Brewster DH, Black RJ, Macfarlane GJ. Risk of malignancy among patients with rheumatic conditions. Int J Cancer. 2000;88:497\u2013502.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"728_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2886","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22864","volume":"56","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Michaud K. Biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy: analyses from a large US observational study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:2886\u201395.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10939","volume":"48","author":"K Ekstr\u00f6m","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ekstr\u00f6m K, Hjalgrim H, Brandt L, Baecklund E, Klareskog L, Ekbom A, et al. Risk of malignant lymphomas in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in their first-degree relatives. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48:963\u201370.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2004.030528","volume":"64","author":"P Geborek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Geborek P, Bladstr\u00f6m A, Turesson C, Gulfe A, Petersson IF, Saxne T, et al. Tumour necrosis factor blockers do not increase overall tumour risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, but may be associated with an increased risk of lymphomas. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:699\u2013703.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR31","first-page":"551","volume":"14","author":"M Kauppi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kauppi M, Pukkala E, Isomaki H. Low incidence of colorectal cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1996;14:551\u20133.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR32","first-page":"809","volume":"18","author":"EL Matteson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Matteson EL, Hickey AR, Maguire L, Tilson HH, Urowitz MB. Occurrence of neoplasia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis enrolled in a DMARD Registry. Rheumatoid Arthritis Azathioprine Registry Steering Committee. J Rheumatol. 1991;18:809\u201314.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22579","volume":"56","author":"F Wolfe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolfe F, Michaud K. The effect of methotrexate and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy on the risk of lymphoma in rheumatoid arthritis in 19,562 patients during 89,710 person-years of observation. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:1433\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018472213872","volume":"8","author":"M Kauppi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kauppi M, Pukkala E, Isom\u00e4ki H. Elevated incidence of hematologic malignancies in patients with Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome compared with patients with rheumatoid arthritis (Finland). Cancer Causes Control. 1997;8:201\u20134.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"728_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.11.3909","volume":"99","author":"X Mariette","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mariette X, Cazals-Hatem D, Warszawki J, Liote F, Balandraud N, Sibilia J, et al. Lymphomas in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate: a 3-year prospective study in France. Blood. 2002;99:3909\u201315.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"728_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2757","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22056","volume":"54","author":"S Setoguchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Setoguchi S, Solomon DH, Weinblatt ME, Katz JN, Avorn J, Glynn RJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 antagonist use and cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:2757\u201364.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"728_CR37","first-page":"1850","volume":"20","author":"RJ McKendry","year":"1993","unstructured":"McKendry RJ, Dale P. Adverse effects of low dose methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1993;20:1850\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR38","first-page":"1484","volume":"23","author":"M Kauppi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kauppi M, Pukkala E, Isom\u00e4ki H. Excess risk of lung cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1996;23:1484\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.149419","volume":"70","author":"X Mariette","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mariette X, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pavelka K, Taylor P, van Vollenhoven R, Heatley R, et al. Malignancies associated with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in registries and prospective observational studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1895\u2013904.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR40","first-page":"229","volume":"13","author":"HJ Park","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park HJ, Ranganathan P. TNF-\u03b1 antagonism and cancer risk in rheumatoid arthritis: is continued vigilance warranted? Discov Med. 2012;13:229\u201334.","journal-title":"Discov Med"},{"key":"728_CR41","first-page":"756","volume":"30","author":"P Blay Le","year":"2012","unstructured":"Le Blay P, Mouterde G, Barnetche T, Morel J, Combe B. Risk of malignancy including non-melanoma skin cancers with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of registries and systematic review. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30:756\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"728_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2046","volume":"20","author":"J Askling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Askling J, Fahrbach K, Nordstrom B, Ross S, Schmid CH, Symmons D. Cancer risk with tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF) inhibitors: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of adalimumab, etanercept, and infliximab using patient level data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20:119\u201330.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"728_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-12-48","volume":"12","author":"N Damjanov","year":"2014","unstructured":"Damjanov N, Nurmohamed MT, Szekanecz Z. Biologics, cardiovascular effects and cancer. BMC Med. 2014;12:48. doi: 10.1186\/1741-7015-12-48 .","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"728_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.085852","volume":"68","author":"J Askling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Askling J, Baecklund E, Granath F, Geborek P, Fored M, Backlin C, et al. Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and risk of malignant lymphomas: relative risks and time trends in the Swedish Biologics Register. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:648\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"728_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.097527","volume":"68","author":"TA Simon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simon TA, Smitten AL, Franklin J, Askling J, Lacaille D, Wolfe F, et al. Malignancies in the rheumatoid arthritis abatacept clinical development programme: an epidemiological assessment. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1819\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-0990-5","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462320000000}}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,23]],"date-time":"2017-06-23T13:37:56Z","timestamp":1498225076000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["728"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-015-0728-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,15]]},"article-number":"212"}}