{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T20:43:05Z","timestamp":1793479385804,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","funder":[{"name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det (SE)"},{"name":"Swedish Rheumatic Society"},{"name":"Seventh Framework Programme (BE)","award":["FP7-Health-2013-306029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-Health-2013-306029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1001-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]],"date-time":"2016-05-04T05:23:54Z","timestamp":1462339434000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Antibodies to carbamylated \u03b1-enolase epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis also bind citrullinated epitopes and are largely indistinct from anti-citrullinated protein antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Evan","family":"Reed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastya","family":"Kharlamova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Jimmy","family":"Ytterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anca I.","family":"Catrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena","family":"Israelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Mathsson-Alm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Alfredsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"R\u00f6nnelid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1001_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.1.585","volume":"162","author":"E Girbal-Neuhauser","year":"1999","unstructured":"Girbal-Neuhauser E, Durieux JJ, Arnaud M, Dalbon P, Sebbag M, Vincent C, et al. The epitopes targeted by the rheumatoid arthritis-associated antifilaggrin autoantibodies are posttranslationally generated on various sites of (pro)filaggrin by deimination of arginine residues. J Immunol. 1999;162:585\u201394.","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"1001_CR2","first-page":"vi5","volume":"51","author":"J Kay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kay J, Upchurch KS. ACR\/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51 Suppl 6:vi5\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1001_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21575","volume":"54","author":"L Klareskog","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klareskog L, Stolt P, Lundberg K, K\u00e4llberg H, Bengtsson C, Grunewald J, et al. A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:38\u201346.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"1001_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21385","volume":"52","author":"TWJ Huizinga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huizinga TWJ, Amos CI, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, Chen W, van Gaalen FA, Jawaheer D, et al. Refining the complex rheumatoid arthritis phenotype based on specificity of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope for antibodies to citrullinated proteins. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:3433\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"1001_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1086\/516736","volume":"80","author":"H K\u00e4llberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"K\u00e4llberg H, Padyukov L, Plenge RM, R\u00f6nnelid J, Gregersen PK, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, et al. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions involving HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, and smoking in two subsets of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Hum Genet. 2007;80:867\u201375.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"1001_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.041079","volume":"65","author":"SP Linn-Rasker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Linn-Rasker SP, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, van Gaalen FA, Kloppenburg M, de Vries RRP, le Cessie S, et al. Smoking is a risk factor for anti-CCP antibodies only in rheumatoid arthritis patients who carry HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:366\u201371.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.051391","volume":"65","author":"J Avouac","year":"2006","unstructured":"Avouac J, Gossec L, Dougados M. Diagnostic and predictive value of anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:845\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4177","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.4177","volume":"166","author":"C Masson-Bessi\u00e8re","year":"2001","unstructured":"Masson-Bessi\u00e8re C, Sebbag M, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Nogueira L, Vincent C, Senshu T, et al. The major synovial targets of the rheumatoid arthritis-specific antifilaggrin autoantibodies are deiminated forms of the alpha- and beta-chains of fibrin. J Immunol. 2001;166:4177\u201384.","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"1001_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R142","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1149","volume":"6","author":"ER Vossenaar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vossenaar ER, Despr\u00e9s N, Lapointe E, van der Heijden A, Lora M, Senshu T, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis specific anti-Sa antibodies target citrullinated vimentin. Arthritis Res Ther. 2004;6:R142\u201350.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200526000","volume":"35","author":"H Burkhardt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Burkhardt H, Sehnert B, Bockermann R, Engstr\u00f6m A, Kalden JR, Holmdahl R. Humoral immune response to citrullinated collagen type II determinants in early rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol. 2005;35:1643\u201352.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"key":"1001_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1421","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1845","volume":"7","author":"A Kinloch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kinloch A, Tatzer V, Wait R, Peston D, Lundberg K, Donatien P, et al. Identification of citrullinated alpha-enolase as a candidate autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7:R1421\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202765","volume":"73","author":"F Pratesi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pratesi F, Dioni I, Tommasi C, Alcaro MC, Paolini I, Barbetti F, et al. Antibodies from patients with rheumatoid arthritis target citrullinated histone 4 contained in neutrophils extracellular traps. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1414\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17372","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1114465108","volume":"108","author":"J Shi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shi J, Knevel R, Suwannalai P, van der Linden MP, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, et al. Autoantibodies recognizing carbamylated proteins are present in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and predict joint damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108:17372\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1001_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1637","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang Z, Nicholls SJ, Rodriguez ER, Kummu O, H\u00f6rkk\u00f6 S, Barnard J, et al. Protein carbamylation links inflammation, smoking, uremia and atherogenesis. Nat Med. 2007;13:1176\u201384.","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"1001_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(87)90082-5","volume":"35","author":"MP Vessey","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vessey MP, Villard-Mackintosh L, Yeates D. Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. Contraception. 1987;35:457\u201364.","journal-title":"Contraception."},{"key":"1001_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.9.835","volume":"62","author":"P Stolt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stolt P, Bengtsson C, Nordmark B, Lindblad S, Lundberg I, Klareskog L, et al. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:835\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6882","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000075","volume":"184","author":"P Mydel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mydel P, Wang Z, Brisslert M, Hellvard A, Dahlberg LE, Hazen SL, et al. Carbamylation-dependent activation of T cells: a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. J Immunol. 2010;184:6882\u201390.","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"key":"1001_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27644","volume":"62","author":"S Turunen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Turunen S, Koivula M-K, Risteli L, Risteli J. Anticitrulline antibodies can be caused by homocitrulline-containing proteins in rabbits. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:3345\u201352.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"1001_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205307","volume":"73","author":"E Feist","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feist E, Steiner G. Rheumatoid arthritis: an antigenic chameleon. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1753\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130742","volume":"41","author":"M Scinocca","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scinocca M, Bell DA, Racap\u00e9 M, Joseph R, Shaw G, McCormick JK, et al. Antihomocitrullinated fibrinogen antibodies are specific to rheumatoid arthritis and frequently bind citrullinated proteins\/peptides. J Rheumatol. 2014;41:270\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"1001_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205109","volume":"73","author":"X Jiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jiang X, Trouw LA, van Wesemael TJ, Shi J, Bengtsson C, K\u00e4llberg H, et al. Anti-CarP antibodies in two large cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to genetic risk factors, cigarette smoking and other autoantibodies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1761\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204154","volume":"73","author":"J Shi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shi J, van de Stadt LA, Levarht EWN, Huizinga TWJ, Hamann D, van Schaardenburg D, et al. Anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies precede the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:780\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(92)90047-B","volume":"203","author":"T Senshu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Senshu T, Sato T, Inoue T, Akiyama K, Asaga H. Detection of citrulline residues in deiminated proteins on polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. Anal Biochem. 1992;203:94\u2013100.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"1001_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201559","volume":"72","author":"J Shi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shi J, Willemze A, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Drijfhout JW, Cerami A, et al. Recognition of citrullinated and carbamylated proteins by human antibodies: specificity, cross-reactivity and the \u201cAMC-Senshu\u201d method. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:148\u201350.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0536-2","volume":"17","author":"M Brink","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brink M, Verheul MK, R\u00f6nnelid J, Berglin E, Holmdahl R, Toes REM, et al. Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies in the pre-symptomatic phase of rheumatoid arthritis, their relationship with multiple anti-citrulline peptide antibodies and association with radiological damage. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:25.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juarez M, Bang H, Hammar F, Reimer U, Dyke B, Sahbudin I, Buckley CD, Fisher B, Filer A, Raza K. Identification of novel antiacetylated vimentin antibodies in patients with early inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-eular.2775"},{"key":"1001_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23936","volume":"58","author":"K Lundberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lundberg K, Kinloch A, Fisher BA, Wegner N, Wait R, Charles P, et al. Antibodies to citrullinated alpha-enolase peptide 1 are specific for rheumatoid arthritis and cross-react with bacterial enolase. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:3009\u201319.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"1001_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.480","volume":"41","author":"H Mahdi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mahdi H, Fisher BA, K\u00e4llberg H, Plant D, Malmstr\u00f6m V, R\u00f6nnelid J, et al. Specific interaction between genotype, smoking and autoimmunity to citrullinated alpha-enolase in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Genet. 2009;41:1324.","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"1001_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R38","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2644","volume":"11","author":"V Go\u00ebb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Go\u00ebb V, Thomas-L'Otellier M, Daveau R, Charlionet R, Fardellone P, Le Lo\u00ebt X, et al. Candidate autoantigens identified by mass spectrometry in early rheumatoid arthritis are chaperones and citrullinated glycolytic enzymes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11:R38.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.132662","volume":"70","author":"LA Stadt van de","year":"2011","unstructured":"van de Stadt LA, van der Horst AR, de Koning MHMT, Bos WH, Wolbink GJ, van de Stadt RJ, et al. The extent of the anti-citrullinated protein antibody repertoire is associated with arthritis development in patients with seropositive arthralgia. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:128\u201333.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138909","volume":"70","author":"BA Fisher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fisher BA, Plant D, Brode M, van Vollenhoven RF, Mathsson L, Symmons D, et al. Antibodies to citrullinated \u03b1-enolase peptide 1 and clinical and radiological outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:1095\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201484","volume":"72","author":"K Lundberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lundberg K, Bengtsson C, Kharlamova N, Reed E, Jiang X, K\u00e4llberg H, et al. Genetic and environmental determinants for disease risk in subsets of rheumatoid arthritis defined by the anticitrullinated protein\/peptide antibody fine specificity profile. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:652\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"key":"1001_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20121486","volume":"210","author":"K Amara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Amara K, Steen J, Murray F, Morbach H, Fernandez-Rodriguez BM, Joshua V, et al. Monoclonal IgG antibodies generated from joint-derived B cells of RA patients have a strong bias toward citrullinated autoantigen recognition. J Exp Med. 2013;210:445\u201355.","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"key":"1001_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38754","volume":"66","author":"Y-C Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan Y-C, Kongpachith S, Blum LK, Ju C-H, Lahey LJ, Lu DR, et al. Barcode-enabled sequencing of plasmablast antibody repertoires in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66:2706\u201315.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"1001_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20553","volume":"50","author":"L Padyukov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Padyukov L, Silva C, Stolt P, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3085\u201392.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"1001_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R167","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4683","volume":"16","author":"E Ossipova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ossipova E, Cerqueira CF, Reed E, Kharlamova N, Israelsson L, Holmdahl R, et al. Affinity purified anti-citrullinated protein\/peptide antibodies target antigens expressed in the rheumatoid joint. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:R167.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R201","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4039","volume":"14","author":"M Hansson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hansson M, Mathsson L, Schlederer T, Israelsson L, Matsson P, Nogueira L, et al. Validation of a multiplex chip-based assay for the detection of autoantibodies against citrullinated peptides. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14:R201.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0860-6","volume":"17","author":"J Shi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shi J, van Steenbergen HW, van Nies JAB, Levarht EWN, Huizinga TWJ, van der Helm-van Mil AHM, et al. The specificity of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies for rheumatoid arthritis in a setting of early arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:339.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"key":"1001_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bergum B, Koro C, Delaleu N, Solheim M, Hellvard A, Binder V, Jonsson R, Valim V, Hammenfors DS, Jonsson MV, Mydel P. Antibodies against carbamylated proteins are present in primary Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome and are associated with disease severity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015.","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-207751"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-016-1001-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T18:10:35Z","timestamp":1692295835000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-016-1001-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-016-1001-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,4]]},"article-number":"96"}}