{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:32:42Z","timestamp":1792089162222,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]],"date-time":"2018-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1056-11-1\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1056-11-1\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Mirjam Lichy foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1545-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,4]],"date-time":"2018-04-04T04:41:29Z","timestamp":1522816889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Antibodies against chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CXCR4 predict progressive deterioration of lung function in patients with systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Weigold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeannine","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Pfeiffenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Otavio","family":"Cabral-Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Siegert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duska","family":"Dragun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Philippe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Katrin","family":"Regensburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Recke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rusan","family":"Catar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Biesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Hiepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd R.","family":"Burmester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Heidecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Riemekasten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.114264","volume":"69","author":"AJ Tyndall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tyndall AJ, Bannert B, Vonk M, Airo P, Cozzi F, Carreira PE, et al. Causes and risk factors for death in systemic sclerosis: a study from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1809\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1545_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2010.158","volume":"89","author":"JR Groom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Groom JR, Luster AD. CXCR3 ligands: redundant, collaborative and antagonistic functions. Immunol Cell Biol. 2011;89:207\u201315.","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"1545_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-065X.2000.17715.x","volume":"177","author":"C Murdoch","year":"2000","unstructured":"Murdoch C. CXCR4: chemokine receptor extraordinaire. Immunol Rev. 2000;177:175\u201384.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"1545_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lacotte S, Brun S, Muller S, Dumortier H. CXCR3, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1173:310\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04813.x"},{"key":"1545_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000002","volume":"21","author":"S Hummel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hummel S, Van Aken H, Zarbock A. Inhibitors of CXC chemokine receptor type 4: putative therapeutic approaches in inflammatory diseases. Curr Opin Hematol. 2014;21:29\u201336.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Hematol"},{"key":"1545_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24136","volume":"60","author":"P Enghard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Enghard P, Humrich JY, Rudolph B, Rosenberger S, Biesen R, Kuhn A, et al. CXCR3+CD4+ T cells are enriched in inflamed kidneys and urine and provide a new biomarker for acute nephritis flares in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:199\u2013206.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1545_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2015.07.001","volume":"63","author":"M Clement","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clement M, Charles N, Escoubet B, Guedj K, Chauveheid MP, Caligiuri G, et al. CD4+CXCR3+ T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells drive accelerated atherosclerosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun. 2015;63:59\u201367.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"1545_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-4-15","volume":"4","author":"E Tourkina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tourkina E, Bonner M, Oates J, Hofbauer A, Richard M, Znoyko S, et al. Altered monocyte and fibrocyte phenotype and function in scleroderma interstitial lung disease: reversal by caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide. Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair. 2011;4:15.","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"key":"1545_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2008.02.012","volume":"40","author":"A Andersson-Sjoland","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersson-Sjoland A, de Alba CG, Nihlberg K, Becerril C, Ramirez R, Pardo A, et al. Fibrocytes are a potential source of lung fibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40:2129\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"1545_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00044911","volume":"39","author":"CM Costello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Costello CM, McCullagh B, Howell K, Sands M, Belperio JA, Keane MP, et al. A role for the CXCL12 receptor, CXCR7, in the pathogenesis of human pulmonary vascular disease. Eur Respir J. 2012;39:1415\u201324.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"1545_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/03008200903056150","volume":"51","author":"KM Antoniou","year":"2010","unstructured":"Antoniou KM, Soufla G, Lymbouridou R, Economidou F, Lasithiotaki I, Manousakis M, et al. Expression analysis of angiogenic growth factors and biological axis CXCL12\/CXCR4 axis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Connect Tissue Res. 2010;51:71\u201380.","journal-title":"Connect Tissue Res"},{"key":"1545_CR12","first-page":"S71","volume":"30","author":"P Sfriso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sfriso P, Cozzi F, Oliviero F, Caso F, Cardarelli S, Facco M, et al. CXCL11 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary function decline in systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30:S71\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"1545_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R65","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4503","volume":"16","author":"J G\u00fcnther","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther J, Kill A, Becker MO, Heidecke H, Rademacher J, Siegert E, et al. Angiotensin receptor type 1 and endothelin receptor type A on immune cells mediate migration and the expression of IL-8 and CCL18 when stimulated by autoantibodies from systemic sclerosis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:R65.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"1545_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R29","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4457","volume":"16","author":"A Kill","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kill A, Tabeling C, Undeutsch R, K\u00fchl AA, G\u00fcnther J, Radic M, et al. Autoantibodies to angiotensin and endothelin receptors in systemic sclerosis induce cellular and systemic events associated with disease pathogenesis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:R29.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"1545_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201403-0442OC","volume":"190","author":"MO Becker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Becker MO, Kill A, Kutsche M, Guenther J, Rose A, Tabeling C, et al. Vascular receptor autoantibodies in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014;190:808\u201317.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1545_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0513-5","volume":"37","author":"J G\u00fcnther","year":"2015","unstructured":"G\u00fcnther J, Rademacher J, van Laar JM, Siegert E, Riemekasten G. Functional autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis. Semin Immunopathol. 2015;37:529\u201342.","journal-title":"Semin Immunopathol"},{"key":"1545_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.135772","volume":"70","author":"G Riemekasten","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riemekasten G, Philippe A, N\u00e4ther M, Slowinski T, M\u00fcller DN, Heidecke H, et al. Involvement of functional autoantibodies against vascular receptors in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:530\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1545_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150474","volume":"43","author":"J Rademacher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rademacher J, Kill A, Mattat K, Dragun D, Siegert E, G\u00fcnther J, et al. Monocytic angiotensin and endothelin receptor imbalance modulate secretion of the profibrotic chemokine ligand 18. J Rheumatol. 2016;43:587\u201391.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1545_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150061","volume":"42","author":"J Avouac","year":"2015","unstructured":"Avouac J, Riemekasten G, Meune C, Ruiz B, Kahan A, Allanore Y. Autoantibodies against endothelin 1 type A receptor are strong predictors of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2015;42:1801\u20137.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1545_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062901","volume":"66","author":"UA Walker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walker UA, Tyndall A, Czirjak L, Denton C, Farge-Bancel D, Kowal-Bielecka O, et al. Clinical risk assessment of organ manifestations in systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(6):754\u201363.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"1545_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken179","volume":"47","author":"N Hunzelmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hunzelmann N, Genth E, Krieg T, Lehmacher W, Melchers I, Meurer M, et al. The registry of the German network for systemic scleroderma: frequency of disease subsets and patterns of organ involvement. Rheumatology. 2008;47:1185\u201392.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"1545_CR22","first-page":"202","volume":"15","author":"E Carwile LeRoy","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carwile LeRoy E, Black C, Fleischmajer R, Jablonska S, Krieg T, Medsger TA, et al. Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol. 1988;15:202\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"1545_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)01048-6","volume":"16","author":"RM Bennett","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bennett RM. Scleroderma overlap syndromes. Rheum Dis Clin N Am. 1990;16:185\u201398.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"1545_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050210027006","volume":"180","author":"GP Rodnan","year":"1962","unstructured":"Rodnan GP, Fennell RH. Progressive systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma. JAMA. 1962;180:665\u201370.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1545_CR25","first-page":"615","volume":"17","author":"M Mosca","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mosca M, Neri R, Bombardieri S. Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases (UCTD): a review of the literature and a proposal for preliminary classification criteria. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1999;17:615\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"1545_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22047","volume":"54","author":"P Cipriani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cipriani P, Franca Milia A, Liakouli V, Pacini A, Manetti M, Marrelli A, et al. Differential expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 and its receptor CXCR4 in the skin and endothelial cells of systemic sclerosis patients: pathogenetic implications. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:3022\u201333.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"1545_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.60.127","volume":"60","author":"H Makino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Makino H, Aono Y, Azuma M, Kishi M, Yokota Y, Kinoshita K, et al. Antifibrotic effects of CXCR4 antagonist in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. J Med Investig. 2013;60:127\u201337.","journal-title":"J Med Investig"},{"key":"1545_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI16861","volume":"114","author":"D Jiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jiang D, Liang J, Hodge J, Lu B, Zhu Z, Yu S, et al. Regulation of pulmonary fibrosis by chemokine receptor CXCR3. J Clin Invest. 2004;114:291\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1545_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.02017.x","volume":"130","author":"H Fujii","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fujii H, Hasegawa M, Takehara K, Mukaida N, Sato S. Abnormal expression of intracellular cytokines and chemokine receptors in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol. 2002;130:548\u201356.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"1545_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-006-0330-2","volume":"450","author":"S Shimizu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shimizu S, Yoshinouchi T, Niimi T, Ohtsuki Y, Fujita J, Maeda H, et al. Differing distributions of CXCR3- and CCR4-positive cells among types of interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular diseases. Virchows Arch. 2007;450:51\u20138.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"1545_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.71","volume":"13","author":"JY Humrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Humrich JY, Riemekasten G. Low-dose IL-2 therapy\u2014a complex scenario that remains to be further explored. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13:386.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1545_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2016.03.005","volume":"15","author":"O Cabral-Marques","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cabral-Marques O, Riemekasten G. Vascular hypothesis revisited: role of stimulating antibodies against angiotensin and endothelin receptors in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2016;15:690\u20134.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"1545_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1021\/cb500577j","volume":"10","author":"D Schmidt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schmidt D, Bernat V, Brox R, Tschammer N, Kolb P. Identifying modulators of CXC receptors 3 and 4 with tailored selectivity using multi-target docking. ACS Chem Biol. 2015;10:715\u201324.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"key":"1545_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2894","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5b01337","volume":"59","author":"SP Andrews","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrews SP, Cox RJ. Small Molecule CXCR3 Antagonists. J Med Chem. 2016;59:2894\u2013917.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1545-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1545-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1545-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:06:08Z","timestamp":1660781168000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1545-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1545-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethical approval and signed consent of the patients were obtained (EA1\/042\/09, EA1\/013\/05, EA1\/160\/10; Ethics committee, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital, Berlin, Germany).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"GR is an advisor for CellTrend. HH is manager of CellTrend. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"52"}}