{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:18:50Z","timestamp":1791569930533,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531267200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]],"date-time":"2018-07-11T09:19:15Z","timestamp":1531300755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["The prevalence of depression in axial spondyloarthritis and its association with disease activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Sizheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Thong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Duffield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Chadwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola J.","family":"Goodson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1644_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","volume":"27","author":"S van der Linden","year":"1984","unstructured":"van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27(4):361\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"1644_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.110767","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, Jurik AG, Hermann KG, Landewe R, van der Heijde D, Baraliakos X, et al. Defining active sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: a consensual approach by the ASAS\/OMERACT MRI group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(10):1520\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1644_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.33","volume":"8","author":"A van Tubergen","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Tubergen A, Weber U. Diagnosis and classification in spondyloarthritis: identifying a chameleon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(5):253\u201361.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1644_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2015.04.002","volume":"29","author":"J Martindale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martindale J, Shukla R, Goodacre J. The impact of ankylosing spondylitis\/axial spondyloarthritis on work productivity. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2015;29(3):512\u201323.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1644_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.20.2433","volume":"163","author":"MJ Bair","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163(20):2433\u201345.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1644_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000053","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2015-000053","volume":"1","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Braun J. Non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: what are the similarities and differences? RMD open. 2015;1(Suppl 1):e000053.","journal-title":"RMD open"},{"issue":"2","key":"1644_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291796004473","volume":"27","author":"MJ Prince","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prince MJ, Harwood RH, Blizard RA, Thomas A, Mann AH. Impairment, disability and handicap as risk factors for depression in old age. The gospel oak project V. Psychol Med. 1997;27(2):311\u201321.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1644_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.486","volume":"177","author":"M Piccinelli","year":"2000","unstructured":"Piccinelli M, Wilkinson G. Gender differences in depression. Critical review. Br J Psychiatry. 2000;177:486\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1644_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller AH, Raison CL. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(1):22\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1644_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-018-3927-2","volume":"38","author":"S Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao S, Thong D, Duffield SJ, Hughes D, Goodson NJ. Alcohol and disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int. 2018;38(3):375\u201381.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"1644_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005","volume":"62","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. J Clin Epidemiol. 2009;62(10):1006\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1644_CR12","unstructured":"Barendregt JJ, Doi SA. MetaXL user guide (version 5.3). 2016. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.epigear.com\/index_files\/MetaXL%20User%20Guide.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed Feb 2018."},{"issue":"11","key":"1644_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-203104","volume":"67","author":"JJ Barendregt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barendregt JJ, Doi SA, Lee YY, Norman RE, Vos T. Meta-analysis of prevalence. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2013;67(11):974\u20138.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1644_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqu024","volume":"64","author":"AF Stern","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stern AF. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Occup Med (Lond). 2014;64(5):393\u20134.","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"1644_CR15","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. 2018. Available from: \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/substance_abuse\/research_tools\/zungdepressionscale\n                    \n                  . Accessed Feb 2018."},{"issue":"3","key":"1644_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","volume":"184","author":"L Manea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manea L, Gilbody S, McMillan D. Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2012;184(3):E191\u20136.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"1644_CR17","first-page":"23624","volume":"9","author":"S-L Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang S-L, Gao F, Chen Z-H, Yan Q, Lin H. Influence of psychological status on back pain and clinical assessments in Chinese ankylosing spondylitis patients: a cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2016;9(12):23624\u201333.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"29","key":"1644_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e337","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000337","volume":"93","author":"G Kilic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kilic G, Kilic E, Ozgocmen S. Relationship between psychiatric status, self-reported outcome measures, and clinical parameters in axial spondyloarthritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93(29):e337.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1644_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-012-2162-6","volume":"32","author":"T Hyphantis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hyphantis T, Kotsis K, Tsifetaki N, Creed F, Drosos AA, Carvalho AF, et al. The relationship between depressive symptoms, illness perceptions and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis in comparison to rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2013;32(5):635\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1644_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2010.487838","volume":"40","author":"EL Healey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Healey EL, Haywood KL, Jordan KP, Garratt A, Packham JC. Impact of ankylosing spondylitis on work in patients across the UK. Scand J Rheumatol. 2011;40(1):34\u201340.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1644_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel115","volume":"45","author":"J Martindale","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martindale J, Smith J, Sutton CJ, Grennan D, Goodacre L, Goodacre JA. Disease and psychological status in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology. 2006;45(10):1288\u201393.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"1644_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S119825","volume":"10","author":"X Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu X, Shen B, Zhang A, Liu J, Da Z, Liu H, et al. Anxiety and depression correlate with disease and quality-of-life parameters in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:879\u201385.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"9","key":"1644_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1204-1","volume":"28","author":"R Gunaydin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gunaydin R, Goksel Karatepe A, Cesmeli N, Kaya T. Fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: relationships with disease-specific variables, depression, and sleep disturbance. Clin Rheumatol. 2009;28(9):1045\u201351.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1644_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12456","volume":"20","author":"CYY Chan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chan CYY, Tsang HHL, Lau CS, Chung HY. Prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders and validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening tool in axial spondyloarthritis patients. Int J Rheum Dis. 2017;20(3):317\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 105(3)","key":"1644_CR25","first-page":"50","volume":"35","author":"M Dougados","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dougados M, Logeart I, Szumski A, Coindreau J, Jones H. Evaluation of whether extremely high enthesitis or bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) scores suggest fibromyalgia and confound the anti-TNF response in early non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35(Suppl 105(3)):50\u20133.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1644_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0b013e31823a498e","volume":"17","author":"J Hakkou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hakkou J, Rostom S, Aissaoui N, Berrada KR, Abouqal R, Bahiri R, et al. Psychological status in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis and its relationships with disease parameters and quality of life. J Clin Rheumatol. 2011;17(8):424\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1644_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1381-x","volume":"31","author":"O Baysal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baysal O, Durmus B, Ersoy Y, Altay Z, Senel K, Nas K, et al. Relationship between psychological status and disease activity and quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31(6):795\u2013800.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"1644_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.897232","volume":"22","author":"Q Zou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zou Q, Jiang Y, Mu F, Shi Y, Fang Y. Correlation of axial Spondyloarthritis with anxiety and depression. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:3202\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"7","key":"1644_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.111481","volume":"39","author":"C Rodriguez-Lozano","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Lozano C, Gantes MA, Gonzalez B, Hernandez-Beriain JA, Naranjo A, Hernandez V, et al. Patient-acceptable symptom state as an outcome measure in the daily care of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(7):1424\u201332.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1644_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40185","volume":"69","author":"GJ Macfarlane","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macfarlane GJ, Barnish MS, Pathan E, Martin KR, Haywood KL, Siebert S, et al. Co-occurrence and characteristics of patients with axial Spondyloarthritis who meet criteria for fibromyalgia: results from a UK National Register. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(11):2144\u201350.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"2","key":"1644_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3907-z","volume":"37","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Yang M, Lv Q, Qi J, Lin Z, Liao Z, et al. Prevalence of psychological disorders, sleep disturbance and stressful life events and their relationships with disease parameters in Chinese patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(2):407\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"1644_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-eular.6004","volume":"74","author":"A Ates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ates A, Dortbas F, Karaaslan Y. FRI0202 the relationship between disease activity, functional index, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, fatigue and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:497\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1644_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090899","volume":"37","author":"EL Healey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Healey EL, Haywood KL, Jordan KP, Garratt AM, Packham JC. Disease severity in ankylosing spondylitis: variation by region and local area deprivation. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(3):633\u20138.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1644_CR34","first-page":"223","volume":"29","author":"J Sandhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sandhu J, Packham JC, Healey EL, Jordan KP, Garratt AM, Haywood KL. Evaluation of a modified arthritis self-efficacy scale for an ankylosing spondylitis UK population. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011;29(2):223\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"Supp:3","key":"1644_CR35","first-page":"568","volume":"71","author":"YI Yacoub","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yacoub YI, Amine B, Abid H, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Assessment of depression in Moroccan patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(Supp:3):568.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1644_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1928-5","volume":"32","author":"N Aissaoui","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aissaoui N, Rostom S, Hakkou J, Berrada Ghziouel K, Bahiri R, Abouqal R, et al. Fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence and relationships with disease-specific variables, psychological status, and sleep disturbance. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(7):2117\u201324.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1644_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370404900208","volume":"49","author":"P Waraich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Waraich P, Goldner EM, Somers JM, Hsu L. Prevalence and incidence studies of mood disorders: a systematic review of the literature. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49(2):124\u201338.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1644_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket169","volume":"52","author":"F Matcham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matcham F, Rayner L, Steer S, Hotopf M. The prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology. 2013;52(12):2136\u201348.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1644_CR39","first-page":"56","volume":"41","author":"M Yildiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yildiz M, Batmaz I, Sula B, Ucmak D, Sariyildiz MA, Daggulli M, et al. Sexual dysfunction in male patients with Behget's disease. Acta Reumatologica Portuguesa. 2016;41(1):56\u201361.","journal-title":"Acta Reumatologica Portuguesa"},{"issue":"1","key":"1644_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/204946371000400103","volume":"4","author":"AK Woo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Woo AK. Depression and anxiety in pain. Rev Pain. 2010;4(1):8\u201312.","journal-title":"Rev Pain"},{"key":"1644_CR41","unstructured":"Zhao S, Hider S, Sparks C, Matcham F, Galloway J, Estrach C, et al. Association between anxiety and depression and rheumatoid arthritis outcome: results from an inception early rheumatoid arthritis cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67(suppl 10):2684."}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,10]],"date-time":"2019-07-10T19:18:10Z","timestamp":1562786290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1644-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"140"}}