{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:45:30Z","timestamp":1772768730317,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1672-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T14:24:47Z","timestamp":1533306287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Do ethnicity, degree of family relationship, and the spondyloarthritis subtype in affected relatives influence the association between a positive family history for spondyloarthritis and HLA-B27 carriership? Results from the worldwide ASAS cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Miranda","family":"van Lunteren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Sepriano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Landew\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Sieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Rudwaleit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D\u00e9sir\u00e9e","family":"van der Heijde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Floris","family":"van Gaalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10089","key":"1672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31591-4","volume":"390","author":"J Sieper","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sieper J, Poddubnyy D. Axial spondyloarthritis. Lancet. 2017;390(10089):73\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"1672_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780401015","volume":"40","author":"MA Brown","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brown MA, Kennedy LG, MacGregor AJ, Darke C, Duncan E, Shatford JL, Taylor A, Calin A, Wordsworth P. Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins: the role of genes, HLA, and the environment. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(10):1823\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"1672_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.003","volume":"8","author":"A Mathieu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mathieu A, Paladini F, Vacca A, Cauli A, Fiorillo MT, Sorrentino R. The interplay between the geographic distribution of HLA-B27 alleles and their role in infectious and autoimmune diseases: a unifying hypothesis. Autoimmun Rev. 2009;8(5):420\u20135.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1672_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00541362","volume":"5","author":"A Bedendo","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bedendo A, Glorioso S, Venturi Pasini C, Fabiano F, Casara D, Cavallo A, Todesco S. A family study of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int. 1984;5(1):29\u201332.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"1672_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270301","volume":"27","author":"SM van der Linden","year":"1984","unstructured":"van der Linden SM, Valkenburg HA, de Jongh BM, Cats A. The risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals: a comparison of relatives of spondylitis patients with the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27(3):241\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"1672_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.59.11.883","volume":"59","author":"MA Brown","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brown MA, Laval SH, Brophy S, Calin A. Recurrence risk modelling of the genetic susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000;59(11):883\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1672_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2014.29.6.782","volume":"29","author":"HW Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim HW, Choe HR, Lee SB, Chang WI, Chae HJ, Moon JY, Kang J, Lee S, Song YW, Lee EY. Phenotype difference between familial and sporadic ankylosing spondylitis in Korean patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2014;29(6):782\u20137.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1672_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.125914","volume":"69","author":"AJ Geirsson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geirsson AJ, Kristjansson K, Gudbjornsson B. A strong familiality of ankylosing spondylitis through several generations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1346\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1672_CR9","first-page":"85","volume":"57","author":"B Amor","year":"1990","unstructured":"Amor B, Dougados M, Mijiyawa M. Criteria of the classification of spondylarthropathies [in French]. Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic. 1990;57(2):85\u20139.","journal-title":"Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic"},{"issue":"10","key":"1672_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780341003","volume":"34","author":"M Dougados","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, Huitfeldt B, Amor B, Calin A, Cats A, Dijkmans B, Olivieri I, Pasero G, et al. The European Spondylarthropathy study group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34(10):1218\u201327.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"1672_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Braun J, Chou CT, Collantes-Estevez E, Dougados M, et al. The development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):777\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1672_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-207151","volume":"74","author":"D Poddubnyy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poddubnyy D, van Tubergen A, Landew\u00e9 R, Sieper J, van der Heijde D, Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS). Development of an ASAS-endorsed recommendation for the early referral of patients with a suspicion of axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(8):1483\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1672_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000389","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2016-000389","volume":"3","author":"O Abawi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abawi O, van den Berg R, van der Heijde D, van Gaalen FA. Evaluation of multiple referral strategies for axial spondyloarthritis in the SPondyloArthritis Caught Early (SPACE) cohort. RMD Open. 2017;3(1):e000389.","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1672_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1335-8","volume":"19","author":"Z Ez-Zaitouni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ez-Zaitouni Z, Hilkens A, Gossec L, Berg IJ, Landew\u00e9 R, Ramonda R, Dougados M, van der Heijde D, van Gaalen F. Is the current ASAS expert definition of a positive family history useful in identifying axial spondyloarthritis? Results from the SPACE and DESIR cohorts. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):118.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1672_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.133645","volume":"70","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Chou CT, Dougados M, Huang F, Gu J, Kirazli Y, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for peripheral spondyloarthritis and for spondyloarthritis in general. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(1):25\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1672_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208730","volume":"75","author":"A Sepriano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sepriano A, Landew\u00e9 R, van der Heijde D, Sieper J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, Braun J, Collantes-Estevez E, Dougados M, Fitzgerald O, et al. Predictive validity of the ASAS classification criteria for axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis after follow-up in the ASAS cohort: a final analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(6):1034\u201342.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1672_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201777","volume":"72","author":"J Sieper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sieper J, Srinivasan S, Zamani O, Mielants H, Choquette D, Pavelka K, Loft AG, G\u00e9her P, Danda D, Reitblat T, et al. Comparison of two referral strategies for diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis: the Recognising and Diagnosing Ankylosing spondylitis Reliably (RADAR) study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(10):1621\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1672_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket387","volume":"53","author":"LE Dean","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dean LE, Jones GT, MacDonald AG, Downham C, Sturrock RD, Macfarlane GJ. Global prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(4):650\u20137.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1672-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1672-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1672-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]],"date-time":"2019-08-02T23:11:55Z","timestamp":1564787515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1672-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-018-1672-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The ASAS cohort has been approved by the medical ethics committee of each participating center, and all patients gave written informed consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"166"}}