{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T22:53:20Z","timestamp":1793660000073,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["k24 AR063120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["k24 AR063120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1809-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]],"date-time":"2019-01-16T13:02:58Z","timestamp":1547643778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Minimal Clinically Important Differences for the Modified Rodnan Skin Score: Results from the Scleroderma Lung Studies (SLS-I and SLS-II)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1412-4453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Khanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth R.","family":"Volkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Wilhalme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-hong","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Furst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Roth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Distler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Tashkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denton CP, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis. Lancet. 2017;390(10103):1685-169.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30933-9"},{"issue":"1","key":"1809_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5301\/jsrd.5000231","volume":"2","author":"D Khanna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khanna D, Furst DE, Clements PJ, Allanore Y, Baron M, Czirjak L, Distler O, Foeldvari I, Kuwana M, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. Standardization of the modified Rodnan skin score for use in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 2017;2(1):11\u20138.","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1809_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200018050-00001","volume":"18","author":"RD Hays","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hays RD, Woolley JM. The concept of clinically meaningful difference in health-related quality-of-life research. How meaningful is it? Pharmacoeconomics. 2000;18(5):419\u201323.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1809_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.03.012","volume":"61","author":"D Revicki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Revicki D, Hays RD, Cella D, Sloan J. Recommended methods for determining responsiveness and minimally important differences for patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(2):102\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1809_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.050187","volume":"65","author":"D Khanna","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khanna D, Furst DE, Hays RD, Park GS, Wong WK, Seibold JR, Mayes MD, White B, Wigley FF, Weisman M, et al. Minimally important difference in diffuse systemic sclerosis: results from the d-penicillamine study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(10):1325\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"1809_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2655","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055120","volume":"354","author":"DP Tashkin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, Goldin J, Roth MD, Furst DE, Arriola E, Silver R, Strange C, Bolster M, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(25):2655\u201366.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1809_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30152-7","volume":"4","author":"DP Tashkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tashkin DP, Roth MD, Clements PJ, Furst DE, Khanna D, Kleerup EC, Goldin J, Arriola E, Volkmann ER, Kafaja S, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus oral cyclophosphamide in scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (SLS II): a randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4(9):708\u201319.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1809_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23282","volume":"70","author":"R Namas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Namas R, Tashkin DP, Furst DE, Wilhalme H, Tseng CH, Roth MD, Kafaja S, Volkmann E, Clements PJ, Khanna D, et al. Efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil and oral cyclophosphamide on skin thickness: post hoc analyses from two randomized placebo-controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res. 2018;70(3):439\u201344.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1809_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22580","volume":"56","author":"D Khanna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khanna D, Yan X, Tashkin DP, Furst DE, Elashoff R, Roth MD, Silver R, Strange C, Bolster M, Seibold JR, et al. Impact of oral cyclophosphamide on health-related quality of life in patients with active scleroderma lung disease: results from the scleroderma lung study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1676\u201384.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"6","key":"1809_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.6.751","volume":"85","author":"DA Mahler","year":"1984","unstructured":"Mahler DA, Weinberg DH, Wells CK, Feinstein AR. The measurement of dyspnea. Contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes. Chest. 1984;85(6):751\u20138.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"1809_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230202","volume":"23","author":"JF Fries","year":"1980","unstructured":"Fries JF, Spitz P, Kraines RG, Holman HR. Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23(2):137\u201345.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"1809_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199911)42:11<2372::AID-ANR16>3.0.CO;2-J","volume":"42","author":"PJ Clements","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clements PJ, Wong WK, Hurwitz EL, Furst DE, Mayes M, White B, Wigley F, Weisman M, Barr W, Moreland L, et al. Correlates of the disability index of the health assessment questionnaire: a measure of functional impairment in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42(11):2372\u201380.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"24","key":"1809_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00008","volume":"25","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr. SF-36 health survey update. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3130\u20139.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1809_CR14","first-page":"832","volume":"32","author":"D Khanna","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khanna D, Furst DE, Clements PJ, Park GS, Hays RD, Yoon J, Korn JH, Merkel PA, Rothfield N, Wigley FM, et al. Responsiveness of the SF-36 and the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index in a systemic sclerosis clinical trial. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(5):832\u201340.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1809_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22339","volume":"66","author":"AB Wiese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wiese AB, Berrocal VJ, Furst DE, Seibold JR, Merkel PA, Mayes MD, Khanna D. Correlates and responsiveness to change of measures of skin and musculoskeletal disease in early diffuse systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66(11):1731\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1809_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep284","volume":"48","author":"D Khanna","year":"2009","unstructured":"Khanna D, Tseng CH, Furst DE, Clements PJ, Elashoff R, Roth M, Elashoff D, Tashkin DP, for Scleroderma Lung Study I. Minimally important differences in the Mahler's Transition Dyspnoea Index in a large randomized controlled trial\u2014results from the Scleroderma Lung Study. Rheumatology. 2009;48(12):1537\u201340.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1809_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201105-0840OC","volume":"184","author":"RM du Bois","year":"2011","unstructured":"du Bois RM, Weycker D, Albera C, Bradford WZ, Costabel U, Kartashov A, King TE Jr, Lancaster L, Noble PW, Sahn SA, et al. Forced vital capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: test properties and minimal clinically important difference. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;184(12):1382\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1809_CR18","unstructured":"Kafaja S, Clements P, Wilhalme H, Furst D, Tseng CH, Hyun K, Goldin J, Volkmann E, Roth M, Tashkin D et al: Reliability and minimal clinically important differences (MCID) of forced vital capacity: post-hoc analyses from the Scleroderma Lung Studies (SLS-I and II). The American College of Rheumatology Annual Meeting in Washington, DC (November 2016) (Oral Presentation, Abstract 971)."},{"issue":"5","key":"1809_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4499-9","volume":"62","author":"D Khanna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khanna D, Hays RD, Shreiner AB, Melmed GY, Chang L, Khanna PP, Bolus R, Whitman C, Paz SH, Hays T, et al. Responsiveness to change and minimally important differences of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Gastrointestinal Symptoms scales. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62(5):1186\u201392.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1809_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep464","volume":"49","author":"PP Khanna","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khanna PP, Furst DE, Clements PJ, Maranian P, Indulkar L, Khanna D, Investigators DP. Tendon friction rubs in early diffuse systemic sclerosis: prevalence, characteristics and longitudinal changes in a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology. 2010;49(5):955\u20139.","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1809_CR21","first-page":"501","volume":"34","author":"H Gazi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gazi H, Pope JE, Clements P, Medsger TA, Martin RW, Merkel PA, Kahaleh B, Wollheim FA, Baron M, Csuka ME, et al. Outcome measurements in scleroderma: results from a delphi exercise. J Rheumatol. 2007;34(3):501\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1809_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205226","volume":"74","author":"B Maurer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maurer B, Graf N, Michel BA, Muller-Ladner U, Czirjak L, Denton CP, Tyndall A, Metzig C, Lanius V, Khanna D, et al. Prediction of worsening of skin fibrosis in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis using the EUSTAR database. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1124\u201331.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"1809_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.5403","volume":"31","author":"TR Fleming","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fleming TR, Powers JH. Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Stat Med. 2012;31(25):2973\u201384.","journal-title":"Stat Med"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1809-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1809-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1809-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T14:00:25Z","timestamp":1589551225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1809-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1809-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study protocols for both SLS-I and II were approved by the local Institutional Review Boards, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Boehringer Ingelheim was not involved in directing the content of the manuscript and was only given the opportunity to review the manuscript for factual accuracy.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"23"}}