{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T17:02:05Z","timestamp":1781888525697,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1872-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T17:11:37Z","timestamp":1553706697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cause or effect? Interpreting emerging evidence for dysbiosis in systemic sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3975-8938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Denton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michael E Johnson, Jennifer M Franks, Guoshuai Cai, Bhaven K Mehta, Tammara A Wood, Kimberly Archambault, Patricia A Pioli, Robert W Simms, Nicole Orzechowski, Sarah Arron, Michael L Whitfield. Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with disease duration and increased inflammatory gene expression in systemic sclerosis skin ARRT-D-18-00499R3. 2019.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-1816-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"1872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2017-000134","volume":"4","author":"ER Volkmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volkmann ER, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Chang YL, Jacobs JP, Tillisch K, Mayer EA, Clements PJ, Hov JR, Kummen M, Midtvedt \u00d8, Lagishetty V, Chang L, Labus JS, Molberg \u00d8, Braun J. Systemic sclerosis is associated with specific alterations in gastrointestinal microbiota in two independent cohorts. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2017;4(1):e000134.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-016-1182-z","volume":"18","author":"K Andr\u00e9asson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9asson K, Alrawi Z, Persson A, J\u00f6nsson G, Marsal J. Intestinal dysbiosis is common in systemic sclerosis and associated with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal features of disease. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18(1):278.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.01.050","volume":"146","author":"F Shanahan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shanahan F, Quigley EM. Manipulation of the microbiota for treatment of IBS and IBD-challenges and controversies. Gastroenterol. 2014;146(6):1554\u201363.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1872_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.110","volume":"14","author":"HSP Souza de","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Souza HSP, Fiocchi C, Iliopoulos D. The IBD interactome: an integrated view of aetiology, pathogenesis and therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;14(12):739\u201349.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310500","volume":"66","author":"M Kummen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kummen M, Holm K, Anmarkrud JA, Nyg\u00e5rd S, Vesterhus M, H\u00f8ivik ML, Tr\u00f8seid M, Marschall HU, Schrumpf E, Moum B, R\u00f8sj\u00f8 H, Aukrust P, Karlsen TH, Hov JR. The gut microbial profile in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis is distinct from patients with ulcerative colitis without biliary disease and healthy controls. Gut. 2017;66(4):611\u20139.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12820","volume":"505","author":"LA David","year":"2014","unstructured":"David LA, et al. Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2014;505:559\u201363.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"1872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.06.019","volume":"137","author":"H Mehta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehta H, Goulet PO, Mashiko S, Desjardins J, P\u00e9rez G, Koenig M, Sen\u00e9cal JL, Constante M, Santos MM, Sarfati M. Early-life antibiotic exposure causes intestinal dysbiosis and exacerbates skin and lung pathology in experimental systemic sclerosis. J Invest Dermatol. 2017;137(11):2316\u201325.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"1872_CR9","unstructured":"Bernstein CN, Burchill C, Targownik LE, Singh H, Roos LL. Events within the first year of life, but not the neonatal period, affect risk for later development of inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterol. 2019;(19)30374\u20139."}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1872-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1872-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1872-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:18:18Z","timestamp":1585181898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1872-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-019-1872-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 March 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"81"}}