{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T21:20:48Z","timestamp":1789852848943,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Blau syndrome (BS) is a rare dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disorder associated with mutations in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (<jats:italic>NOD2<\/jats:italic>) gene. Biologic therapy of BS yielded diverse results. We aimed to evaluate clinical features and outcomes of Chinese patients with BS who were treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u03b1 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of four patients with BS were diagnosed and treated with infliximab (IFX) at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital during 2015 to 2018 and were followed up for 18\u2009months. All patients were systematically studied for treatment outcomes including the clinical manifestations and inflammatory markers. We also conducted a comprehensive literature review about TNF\u03b1 inhibitor therapy in BS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Four BS patients were all Chinese Han, and three were women. The mean age of disease onset was 4\u00a0\u00b1\u20093.5\u2009years, and the mean time of diagnosis delay was 19\u00a0\u00b1\u200911\u2009years. All patients received IFX plus methotrexate, and all achieved clinical remission of skin lesions and polyarthritis rapidly, as well as normalization of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein and improvements in inflammatory cytokines, patient visual analogue scale, physician global assessment, and Short Form (SF)-36, at the first follow-up of 6\u2009months. The disease relapsed in two patients after they lengthened the interval of IFX and discontinued methotrexate. According to the 38 English-language publications, 62 patients with BS were reported who underwent TNF\u03b1 inhibitor therapy, including IFX used in 31, adalimumab in 24, and etanercept in 7. IFX was well tolerated in 27 patients, while 2 still had uveitis, and the other 2 experienced an adverse drug reaction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Early recognition and effective treatment of BS are very important to avoid irreversible organ damage. TNF\u03b1 inhibitors such as IFX may be a promising approach for BS patients who have unsatisfactory response to corticosteroids and traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-019-2017-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]],"date-time":"2019-11-12T17:04:27Z","timestamp":1573578267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effective treatment of TNF\u03b1 inhibitors in Chinese patients with Blau syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengzhu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2011.10.017","volume":"25","author":"L Punzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Punzi L, Gava A, Galozzi P, Sfriso P. 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