{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:44:55Z","timestamp":1788320695491,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A myositis-specific autoantibody can now be identified in the majority of patients with myositis. They identify homogeneous patient subgroups and are key tools in developing a personalized approach to disease management. There is substantial clinical interest in exploiting myositis autoantibodies as biomarkers, and consequently, a large number of commercial assays have been developed for their detection. These assays are already in widespread clinical use. In order to better understand perceived concerns from the international myositis community in relation to the reliability of these assays and how they are being used, we conducted a survey of international myositis experts, all of whom were members of the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected data on the types of assay used, manufacturers, and the nature of the report provided by different laboratories and received 111 complete responses. Respondents also provided information on how they used the different assays, their confidence in the results, and how this influenced their clinical practice. Enzyme immunoassay\/ELISA was the most popular assay method used worldwide followed by line blot. Line blot was the most popular method used in Europe. Despite concerns from over 80% of respondents regarding false-positive and false-negative results with the assay used by their laboratory, over 80% reported that the identification of a myositis autoantibody influenced their diagnostic confidence, the information they provided to a patient, and their recommended treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In spite of ongoing concerns from the majority of users regarding the reliability of the results, myositis-specific autoantibody testing, using commercial immunoassays, is being used globally to inform clinical decision-making. These findings highlight the need for urgent guidance on the use of myositis autoantibody testing and on the interpretation of results. Knowledge of the reliability of currently available assays is essential given the importance already placed on myositis-specific autoantibodies as clinical decision-making tools.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02210-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T07:35:32Z","timestamp":1589528132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["The promise, perceptions, and pitfalls of immunoassays for autoantibody testing in myositis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies (IMACS) Group Myositis Autoantibody Scientific Interest Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4633-9598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah L.","family":"Tansley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Snowball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Pauling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Lissina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataka","family":"Kuwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa G.","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"R\u00f6nnelid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil J.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(76)90145-8","volume":"5","author":"M Reichlin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Reichlin M, Fau - Mattioli M, Mattioli M. Description of a serological reaction characteristic of polymyositis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1976;5(1):12\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Immunopathol"},{"key":"2210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.04.001","volume":"101","author":"Z Betteridge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Betteridge Z, Tansley S, Shaddick G, Chinoy H, Cooper RG, New RP, et al. Frequency, mutual exclusivity and clinical associations of myositis autoantibodies in a combined European cohort of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy patients. J Autoimmun. 2019;101:48\u201355.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2210_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pluk H, van Hoeve Bj Fau - van Dooren SHJ, van Dooren Sh Fau - Stammen-Vogelzangs J, Stammen-Vogelzangs J Fau - van der Heijden A, van der Heijden A Fau - Schelhaas HJ, Schelhaas Hj Fau - Verbeek MM, et al. Autoantibodies to cytosolic 5\u2032-nucleotidase 1A in inclusion body myositis. 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Comparison of autoantibody specificities tested by a line blot assay and immunoprecipitation-based algorithm in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(6):858\u201360.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2016.03.012","volume":"48","author":"C Bundell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bundell C, Rojana-Udomsart A, Mastaglia F, Hollingsworth P, McLean-Tooke A. Diagnostic performance of a commercial immunoblot assay for myositis antibody testing. Pathology. 2016;48(4):363\u20136.","journal-title":"Pathology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41088","volume":"72","author":"CA Mecoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mecoli CA, Albayda J, Tiniakou E, Paik JJ, Zahid U, Danoff SK, et al. 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Kuwana holds a patent on an anti-MDA5 antibody measuring system. JP has undertaken consultancy work for Actelion pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Sojournix Pharma outside of the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"117"}}