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Na\u00efve, central memory, and effector memory CD8+T cells were increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively), but terminally differentiated CD8+T cells were decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Th1 cells (helper T cells-1), Tfh1 cells (follicular helper T cells-1), Tc1 cells (cytotoxic T cells-1), and Tregs (regulatory T cells) were lower (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01, 0.05, 0.0001, and 0.001, respectively), but Th17 cells, Tfh17 cells, and Tc cells were higher (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, 0.0001, and 0.001, respectively). The proportions of total B cells and class-switched B cells were increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), but non-switched B cells, plasma cells, memory B cells, and immature Bregs (regulatory B cells) were lower (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.01, 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.0001, respectively). After Anbainuo therapy, the percentage of na\u00efve CD4+ T cells had decreased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.05) but Tregs and B10 cells (IL-10-producing regulatory B cells) had increased (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u20090.01 and 0.05, respectively), and the increase in Tregs was positively correlated with the decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.489,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that active-stage AS patients have an immunity imbalance of frequency involving multiple types of immune cells, including CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, Th cells, Tfh cells, Tc cells, Tregs, Bregs, and B cells. TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor Anbainuo can not only help to inhibit disease activity but can also improve the immune imbalance of CD4+ T cells and negative regulatory cells in frequency. But CD8+ T cells have not been rescued.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02226-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]],"date-time":"2020-06-19T02:02:36Z","timestamp":1592532156000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["TNF-\u03b1 inhibitor therapy can improve the immune imbalance of CD4+ T cells and negative regulatory cells but not CD8+ T cells in ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mingcan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiujing","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linkai","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangyan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liudan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minjing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ou","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieruo","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"suppl_6","key":"2226_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"vi4","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/key001","volume":"57","author":"D Simone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Simone D, Al MM, Bowness P. 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