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The aim of this study is to design photothermally controlled drug release from multifunctional nanoparticles (MNPs) at a near-infrared (NIR) irradiated site to improve therapeutic efficacy for RA and reduce side effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Au film was deposited onto methotrexate (MTX)-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, resulting in MTX-loaded MNPs. The synergistic effects of MTX-loaded MNPs with NIR irradiation were investigated using RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Upon NIR irradiation, NIR resonance of the Au half-shell generated heat locally, accelerating MTX release from PLGA nanoparticles. In vivo NIR images of MTX-loaded MNPs indicated effective delivery of the MNPs to the inflamed joints. Moreover, in collagen-induced arthritis mice, MTX-loaded MNPs containing 1\/1400 of MTX solution (repeated-dose administration) had therapeutic effects comparable to conventional treatment with MTX solution. In vitro experiments showed higher therapeutic efficacy of MTX-loaded MNPs with NIR irradiation than that of chemotherapy alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A combination therapy of MTX-loaded MNP and NIR irradiation showed durable and good treatment efficacy for the suppression of arthritis in a single administration of small dose of MTX. Our results demonstrate that the treatment modality using drug-loaded MNP with NIR irradiation may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA and allow in vivo NIR optical imaging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-020-02230-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T08:02:47Z","timestamp":1592467367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Methotrexate-loaded multifunctional nanoparticles with near-infrared irradiation for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"You-Jung","family":"Ha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Hee","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghee","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hee","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Hyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo-Kon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hwa","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Beom","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","volume":"388","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. 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Also, this study was approved by the ethics committee of Yonsei University Severance Hospital (IRB No. 4-2019-0683). All the enrolled patients consent to offer synovial samples and signed written consent.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"We obtained consent for publication from all the individuals whose synovial samples were given in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"146"}}