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The objective of the present study is to determine the association of IFN\u03b2 in peripheral blood na\u00efve B cells with the histopathological features of lupus nephritis (LN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The percentage of IFN\u03b2\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells in IgD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD27\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      na\u00efve CD19\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      B cells (B cell IFN\u03b2) among peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 80 SLE patients were analyzed using flow cytometry. Serological and clinical data were collected. The correlations of B cell IFN\u03b2 with LN classification and with histopathological findings (light, electron, and immunofluorescence [IF] microscopic analyses for deposition of IgM, IgG, IgA, C1q, and C3) were determined in 23 available biopsy specimens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      B cell IFN\u03b2 is positively associated with anti-Sm (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), anti-DNA (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), and LN (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt; 0.001) but was negatively associated with oral\/nasal ulcer (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.003) and photosensitivity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045). B cell IFN\u03b2 positively correlated with immune complex (IC) deposit in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) but not in the mesangial (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.107) or tubular region (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.313). Patients with high B cell IFN\u03b2 had statistically increased development of the proliferative LN (Classes III, IV and\/or V), compared to patients with low B cell IFN\u03b2 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u20090.0001). Histopathological features positively associated with increased B cell IFN\u03b2 included active glomerular lesions as determined by fibrocellular crescents (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023), chronic glomerular lesions indicated by segmental sclerosis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.033), and a membranous pattern of renal damage indicated by spike\/holes (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>B cell IFN\u03b2 correlates with history of severe LN, glomerular basement membrane (GBM) IC deposition, and anatomical features of both active and chronic glomerular lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02766-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T06:12:05Z","timestamp":1650262325000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Lupus nephritis correlates with B cell interferon-\u03b2, anti-Smith, and anti-DNA: a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3770-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima","family":"Alduraibi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennie A.","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. 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