{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:07:49Z","timestamp":1777518469820,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian MSK Rehab Research Network"},{"name":"Fondation pour la recherche et l'enseignement en orthop\u00e9die de Sherbrooke."}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Foot involvement is a significant concern in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) as it can lead to severe levels of foot pain and disability and reduced mobility and quality of life. Previous studies have shown moderate efficacy for custom-made foot orthoses (CFO) in reducing foot pain and disability in people with rheumatoid arthritis. However, evidence on the efficacy of CFO in people with PsA is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To explore the effects of CFO on foot function, foot and lower limb pain, gait function, and free-living walking activities (FWA) in people with PsA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A pre-experimental study including twenty participants with PsA (mean age: 54.10 \u00b1 9.06 years and disease duration: 11.53 \u00b1 10.22 years) was carried out. All the participants received and wore CFO for 7 weeks. Foot and lower limb pain and foot function were measured before and after the intervention using the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the foot function index (FFI). Gait function was assessed by recording spatiotemporal parameters (STPs) during a 10-m walk test using an instrumented gait analysis system (Mobility Lab). Free-living walking activities (step count, free-living cadence, time spent in different ambulatory physical activities (APA)) were recorded over 7 days using an accelerometer-instrumented sock.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The FFI reported scores demonstrated severe baseline levels of foot pain (54.46 \u00b1 14.58 %) and disability (46.65 \u00b1 16.14%). Statistically and clinically significant improvements in foot pain and foot function and large effect sizes (Cohen\u2019s effect size &gt; 1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.005) were observed after the intervention period. A strong correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.64, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) between the CFO wearing time and foot function was demonstrated. However, no significant changes were found for gait STP or free-living walking activities after 7 weeks of CFO use.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Results support the clinical and biomechanical plausibility of using CFO in people with PsA to reduce pain and improve foot function. Large-scale and controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings. Moreover, a multidisciplinary approach including the prescription of exercise therapy and physiotherapy combined with CFO could be required to improve STP and promote APA in people with PsA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT05075343\">NCT05075343<\/jats:ext-link>. Retrospectively registered on September 29, 2021<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02808-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T05:03:58Z","timestamp":1653455038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The effects of custom-made foot orthoses on foot pain, foot function, gait function, and free-living walking activities in people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA): a pre-experimental trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Roua","family":"Walha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Dagenais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaly","family":"Gaudreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Beaudoin-C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6582-4519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Boissy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2808_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108397","volume":"214","author":"LM Perez-Chada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perez-Chada LM, Merola JF. Comorbidities associated with psoriatic arthritis: review and update. Clin Immunol Orlando Fla. 2020;214:108397.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol Orlando Fla"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2002.06.001","volume":"71","author":"A Bezza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bezza A, Niamane R, Amine B, El Maghraoui A, Bensabbah R, Hajjaj-Hassouni N. Involvement of the foot in patients with psoriatic arthritis. A review of 26 cases. Joint Bone Spine. 2004;71(6):546\u20139.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2808_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-017-9637-4","volume":"24","author":"ECA Nordb\u00f8","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nordb\u00f8 ECA, Aamodt G, Ihleb\u00e6k CM. Subjective health complaints in individuals with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: associations with the severity of the skin condition and illness perceptions - a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Med. 2017;24(3):438\u201346.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2808_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130163","volume":"40","author":"DD Gladman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gladman DD, Ziouzina O, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V. Dactylitis in psoriatic arthritis: prevalence and response to therapy in the biologic era. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(8):1357\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2808_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23174","volume":"69","author":"A Polachek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Polachek A, Li S, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Clinical enthesitis in a prospective longitudinal psoriatic arthritis cohort: incidence, prevalence, characteristics, and outcome. Arthritis Care Res. 2017;69(11):1685\u201391.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-018-0377-2","volume":"19","author":"J Bagel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bagel J, Schwartzman S. Enthesitis and dactylitis in psoriatic disease: a guide for dermatologists. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(6):839\u201352.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2808_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22158","volume":"66","author":"JE Freeston","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freeston JE, Coates LC, Nam JL, Moverley AR, Hensor EMA, Wakefield RJ, et al. Is there subclinical synovitis in early psoriatic arthritis? A clinical comparison with gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound. Arthritis Care Res. 2014;66(3):432\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i5.574","volume":"5","author":"T Suzuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suzuki T. Power Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of the ankle in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. World J Orthop. 2014;5(5):574\u201384.","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2018.1413351","volume":"14","author":"A Patience","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patience A, Helliwell PS, Siddle HJ. Focussing on the foot in psoriatic arthritis: pathology and management options. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018;14(1):21\u20138.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.111971","volume":"69","author":"E Hyslop","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hyslop E, McInnes IB, Woodburn J, Turner DE. Foot problems in psoriatic arthritis: high burden and low care provision. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(5):928.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-018-04411-2","volume":"38","author":"K Carter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carter K, Walmsley S, Chessman D, Rome K, Turner DE. Perspectives of patients and health professionals on the experience of living with psoriatic arthritis-related foot problems: a qualitative investigation. Clin Rheumatol. 2019;38(6):1605\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2808_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.02.047","volume":"37","author":"SR Simon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simon SR. Quantification of human motion: gait analysis-benefits and limitations to its application to clinical problems. J Biomech. 2004;37(12):1869\u201380.","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2014.02.001","volume":"39","author":"V Cimolin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cimolin V, Galli M. Summary measures for clinical gait analysis: a literature review. Gait Posture. 2014;39(4):1005\u201310.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.7243\/2055-2386-4-6","volume":"4","author":"M Roberts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roberts M, Mongeon D, Prince F. Biomechanical parameters for gait analysis: a systematic review of healthy human gait. Phys Ther Rehabil. 2017;4(1):6.","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rehabil"},{"key":"2808_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carroll M, Parmar P, Dalbeth N, Boocock M, Rome K. Gait characteristics associated with the foot and ankle in inflammatory arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2015; [cited 2021 Jun 12];16. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4455329\/.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-015-0596-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2012.747626","volume":"42","author":"J Woodburn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Woodburn J, Hyslop E, Barn R, McInnes IB, Turner DE. Achilles tendon biomechanics in psoriatic arthritis patients with ultrasound proven enthesitis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013;42(4):299\u2013302.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2808_CR17","unstructured":"Hyslop E. Biomechanics of enthesitis of the foot in psoriatic arthritis [Internet] [Ph.D.]. 2013. Glasgow Caledonian University; [cited 2018 Oct 1]. Available from: https:\/\/ethos.bl.uk\/OrderDetails.do;jsessionid=B5D1850DF9C83E5734657DB70A62054C?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601641"},{"issue":"9","key":"2808_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3304-z","volume":"35","author":"RA Wilkins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilkins RA, Siddle HJ, Redmond AC, Helliwell PS. Plantar forefoot pressures in psoriatic arthritis-related dactylitis: an exploratory study. Clin Rheumatol. 2016;35(9):2333\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1159\/000365833","volume":"7","author":"Y Schutz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schutz Y, Nguyen DMT, Byrne NM, Hills AP. Effectiveness of three different walking prescription durations on total physical activity in normal- and overweight women. Obes Facts. 2014;7(4):264\u201373.","journal-title":"Obes Facts"},{"key":"2808_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.11.027","volume":"95","author":"RM Hulteen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hulteen RM, Smith JJ, Morgan PJ, Barnett LM, Hallal PC, Colyvas K, et al. Global participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2017;95:14\u201325.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2808_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-12-2-98","volume":"12","author":"AL Zaleski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zaleski AL, Taylor BA, Panza GA, Wu Y, Pescatello LS, Thompson PD, et al. Coming of age: considerations in the prescription of exercise for older adults. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J. 2016;12(2):98\u2013104.","journal-title":"Methodist DeBakey Cardiovasc J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR22","first-page":"939","volume":"33","author":"S Hirata","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hirata S, Ono R, Yamada M, Takikawa S, Nishiyama T, Hasuda K, et al. Ambulatory physical activity, disease severity, and employment status in adult women with osteoarthritis of the hip. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(5):939\u201345.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2021.08.005","volume":"90","author":"N Lennon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lennon N, Church C, Shields T, Shrader MW, Henley J, Niiler T, et al. Factors associated with walking activity in adults with cerebral palsy. Gait & Posture. 2021;90(4):43\u20137.","journal-title":"Gait & Posture"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.039974","volume":"42","author":"M Hamer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hamer M, Chida Y. Walking and primary prevention: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Sports Med. 2008;42(4):238\u201343.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"2808_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S459","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200106001-00016","volume":"33","author":"IM Lee","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lee IM, Skerrett PJ. Physical activity and all-cause mortality: what is the dose-response relation? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(6 Suppl):S459\u201371 discussion S493-494.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2808_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05739-y","volume":"40","author":"J Kessler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kessler J, Chouk M, Ruban T, Prati C, Wendling D, Verhoeven F. Psoriatic arthritis and physical activity: a systematic review. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(11):4379\u201389.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol."},{"issue":"10","key":"2808_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv067","volume":"70","author":"JL Riskowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riskowski JL, Hagedorn TJ, Dufour AB, Hannan MT. Associations of region-specific foot pain and foot biomechanics: the Framingham foot study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2015;70(10):1281\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2808_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S260931","volume":"15","author":"L \u0160tefan","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u0160tefan L, Kasovi\u0107 M, Zvonar M. Gait speed as a screening tool for foot pain and the risk of falls in community-dwelling older women: a cross-sectional study. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;15:1569\u201374.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"2808_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.150805","volume":"43","author":"FM Perrotta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perrotta FM, Marchesoni A, Lubrano E. Minimal disease activity and remission in psoriatic arthritis patients treated with anti-TNF-\u03b1 drugs. J Rheumatol. 2016;43(2):350\u20135.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2808_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa030","volume":"59","author":"B Hag\u00e8ge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hag\u00e8ge B, Tan E, Gayraud M, Fautrel B, Gossec L, Mitrovic S. Remission and low disease activity in psoriatic arthritis publications: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Rheumatology. 2020;59(8):1818\u201325.","journal-title":"Rheumatology."},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217159","volume":"79","author":"L Gossec","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gossec L, Baraliakos X, Kerschbaumer A, de Wit M, McInnes I, Dougados M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(6):700\u201312.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2808_CR32","first-page":"217","volume":"29","author":"A Delle Sedie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Delle Sedie A, Riente L, Filippucci E, Scir\u00e8 CA, Iagnocco A, Meenagh G, et al. Ultrasound imaging for the rheumatologist. XXXII. Sonographic assessment of the foot in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011;29(2):217\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem315","volume":"47","author":"PJ Healy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Healy PJ, Groves C, Chandramohan M, Helliwell PS. MRI changes in psoriatic dactylitis--extent of pathology, relationship to tenderness and correlation with clinical indices. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2008;47(1):92\u20135.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Oxf Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/030097400750001806","volume":"29","author":"E Galluzzo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Galluzzo E, Lischi DM, Taglione E, Lombardini F, Pasero G, Perri G, et al. Sonographic analysis of the ankle in patients with psoriatic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2000;29(1):52\u20135.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2808_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20496","volume":"63","author":"L Eder","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eder L, Law T, Chandran V, Shanmugarajah S, Shen H, Rosen CF, et al. Association between environmental factors and onset of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care Res. 2011;63(8):1091\u20137.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4613","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-06933-4","volume":"9","author":"I Cambr\u00e9","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cambr\u00e9 I, Gaublomme D, Burssens A, Jacques P, Schryvers N, De Muynck A, et al. Mechanical strain determines the site-specific localization of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4613.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.080952","volume":"67","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2008","unstructured":"McGonagle D, Tan AL, Benjamin M. The biomechanical link between skin and joint disease in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: what every dermatologist needs to know. Ann Rheum Dis. 2008;67(1):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"Supplement_2","key":"2808_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1086\/383268","volume":"39","author":"R van Deursen","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Deursen R. Mechanical loading and off-loading of the plantar surface of the diabetic foot. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39(Supplement_2):S87\u201391.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2808_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-76416-0_2","volume-title":"Athletic footwear and orthoses in sports medicine","author":"K Kirby","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kirby K. Evolution of foot orthoses in sports. In:  Athletic footwear and orthoses in sports medicine; 2010. p. 19\u201335."},{"issue":"12","key":"2808_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1913-5","volume":"27","author":"G Gijon-Nogueron","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gijon-Nogueron G, Ramos-Petersen L, Ortega-Avila AB, Morales-Asencio JM, Garcia-Mayor S. Effectiveness of foot orthoses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis related to disability and pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(12):3059\u201369.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"2808_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2014.961654","volume":"37","author":"CS da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2015","unstructured":"da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o CS, Gomes Neto M, Mendes SMD, S\u00e1 KN, Baptista AF. Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of foot orthoses on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(14):1209\u201313.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"2808_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21559","volume":"64","author":"K Hennessy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hennessy K, Woodburn J, Steultjens MPM. Custom foot orthoses for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64(3):311\u201320.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2808_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2016.1196500","volume":"46","author":"K Rome","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rome K, Clark H, Gray J, McMeekin P, Plant M, Dixon J. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of foot orthoses for people with established rheumatoid arthritis: an exploratory clinical trial. Scand J Rheumatol. 2017;46(3):187\u201393.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2808_CR44","first-page":"1377","volume":"29","author":"J Woodburn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Woodburn J, Barker S, Helliwell PS. A randomized controlled trial of foot orthoses in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(7):1377\u201383.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2808_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215521993316","volume":"35","author":"JZ Gaino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaino JZ, B\u00e9rtolo MB, Nunes CS, de Barbosa CM, Landim SF, Sachetto Z, et al. The effect of foot orthoses on balance, foot function, and mobility in rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Rehabil. 2021;35(7):1011\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"2808_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000656","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000656","volume":"4","author":"JF Merola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Merola JF, Espinoza LR, Fleischmann R. Distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open. 2018;4(2):e000656.","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90220-4","volume":"44","author":"E Budiman-Mak","year":"1991","unstructured":"Budiman-Mak E, Conrad KJ, Roach KE. The foot function index: a measure of foot pain and disability. J Clin Epidemiol. 1991;44(6):561\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-6-5","volume":"6","author":"E Budiman-Mak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Budiman-Mak E, Conrad KJ, Mazza J, Stuck RM. A review of the foot function index and the foot function index \u2013 revised. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013;6(1):5.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foot.2007.06.006","volume":"18","author":"KB Landorf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Landorf KB, Radford JA. Minimal important difference: values for the foot health status questionnaire, foot function index and visual analogue scale. Foot. 2008;18(1):15\u20139.","journal-title":"Foot"},{"issue":"10","key":"2808_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.07.005","volume":"152","author":"MA Ferreira-Valente","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferreira-Valente MA, Pais-Ribeiro JL, Jensen MP. Validity of four pain intensity rating scales. Pain. 2011;152(10):2399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"2","key":"2808_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","volume":"94","author":"JT Farrar","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farrar JT, Young JP, LaMoreaux L, Werth JL, Poole MR. Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain. 2001;94(2):149\u201358.","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"9","key":"2808_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"095003","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/ab4023","volume":"40","author":"R Morris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morris R, Stuart S, McBarron G, Fino PC, Mancini M, Curtze C. Validity of mobility lab (version 2) for gait assessment in young adults, older adults and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Physiol Meas. 2019;40(9):095003.","journal-title":"Physiol Meas"},{"key":"2808_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2016.05.014","volume":"48","author":"T Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmitz-H\u00fcbsch T, Brandt AU, Pfueller C, Zange L, Seidel A, K\u00fchn AA, et al. Accuracy and repeatability of two methods of gait analysis - GaitRiteTM und mobility LabTM - in subjects with cerebellar ataxia. Gait Posture. 2016;48:194\u2013201.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2808_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.04.013","volume":"55","author":"EP Washabaugh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Washabaugh EP, Kalyanaraman T, Adamczyk PG, Claflin ES, Krishnan C. Validity and repeatability of inertial measurement units for measuring gait parameters. Gait Posture. 2017;55:87\u201393.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"3","key":"2808_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2011.06.004","volume":"53","author":"C Tudor-Locke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tudor-Locke C, Camhi SM, Leonardi C, Johnson WD, Katzmarzyk PT, Earnest CP, et al. Patterns of adult stepping cadence in the 2005-2006 NHANES. Prev Med. 2011;53(3):178\u201381.","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2165\/11599170-000000000-00000","volume":"42","author":"C Tudor-Locke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tudor-Locke C, Rowe DA. Using cadence to study free-living ambulatory behaviour. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2012;42(5):381\u201398.","journal-title":"Sports Med Auckl NZ"},{"key":"2808_CR57","first-page":"567","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge; 1988. p. 567.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508101737","volume":"23","author":"NS Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho NS, Hwang JH, Chang HJ, Koh EM, Park HS. Randomized controlled trial for clinical effects of varying types of insoles combined with specialized shoes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of the foot. Clin Rehabil. 2009;23(6):512\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00534-3","volume":"49","author":"KJ Conrad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Conrad KJ, Budiman-Mak E, Roach KE, Hedeker D, Caraballada R, Burks D, et al. Impacts of foot orthoses on pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritics. J Clin Epidemiol. 1996;49(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2015.1110198","volume":"45","author":"E Moreira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moreira E, Jones A, Oliveira HA, Jennings F, Fernandes A, Natour J. Effectiveness of insole use in rheumatoid feet: a randomized controlled trial. Scand J Rheumatol. 2016;45(5):363\u201370.","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2808_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.05.008","volume":"42","author":"DR Bonanno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bonanno DR, Landorf KB, Murley GS, Menz HB. Selecting control interventions for use in orthotic trials: the methodological benefits of sham orthoses. Contemp Clin Trials. 2015;42:257.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials"},{"key":"2808_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-4-8","volume":"4","author":"M van der Leeden","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Leeden M, Fiedler K, Jonkman A, Dahmen R, Roorda LD, van Schaardenburg D, et al. Factors predicting the outcome of customised foot orthoses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective cohort study. J Foot Ankle Res. 2011;4:8\u20138.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2016.1151952","volume":"12","author":"R Baghaei Roodsari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baghaei Roodsari R, Esteki A, Aminian G, Ebrahimi I, Mousavi ME, Majdoleslami B, et al. The effect of orthotic devices on knee adduction moment, pain and function in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: a literature review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2017;12(5):441\u20139.","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364612471370","volume":"37","author":"A Castro-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Castro-M\u00e9ndez A, Munuera PV, Albornoz-Cabello M. The short-term effect of custom-made foot orthoses in subjects with excessive foot pronation and lower back pain: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Prosthetics Orthot Int. 2013;37(5):384\u201390.","journal-title":"Prosthetics Orthot Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2008.02.013","volume":"75","author":"A G\u00e9lis","year":"2008","unstructured":"G\u00e9lis A, Coudeyre E, Hudry C, Pelissier J, Revel M, Rannou F. Is there an evidence-based efficacy for the use of foot orthotics in knee and hip osteoarthritis? Elaboration of French clinical practice guidelines. Joint Bone Spine. 2008;75(6):714\u201320.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2020.1798238","volume":"28","author":"L Kong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong L, Zhou X, Huang Q, Zhu Q, Zheng Y, Tang C, et al. The effects of shoes and insoles for low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Res Sports Med Print. 2020;28(4):572\u201387.","journal-title":"Res Sports Med Print"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.02.003","volume":"33","author":"Y Sagawa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sagawa Y, Turcot K, Armand S, Thevenon A, Vuillerme N, Watelain E. Biomechanics and physiological parameters during gait in lower-limb amputees: a systematic review. Gait Posture. 2011;33(4):511\u201326.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR68","first-page":"855","volume":"32","author":"S Maddali Bongi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maddali Bongi S, Del Rosso A, Mikhaylova S, Landi G, Ferretti B, Cavigli E, et al. A comparison of two podiatric protocols for metatarsalgia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32(6):855\u201363.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2808_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1054\/foot.1999.0529","volume":"9","author":"A MacSween","year":"1999","unstructured":"MacSween A, Brydson G, Hamilton J. The effect of custom moulded ethyl vinyl acetate foot orthoses on the gait of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Foot. 1999;9(3):128\u201333.","journal-title":"Foot."},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR70","first-page":"04","volume":"69","author":"V Cameron-Fiddes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cameron-Fiddes V, Santos D. The effects of foot orthoses on walking stability in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Podiatry Rev. 2012;69(5):04\u20138.","journal-title":"Podiatry Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.03.024","volume":"34","author":"JH Hollman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hollman JH, McDade EM, Petersen RC. Normative spatiotemporal gait parameters in older adults. Gait Posture. 2011;34(1):111\u20138.","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"2808_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.03.035","volume":"68","author":"N K\u00f6nig","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig N, Taylor WR, Baumann CR, Wenderoth N, Singh NB. Revealing the quality of movement: a meta-analysis review to quantify the thresholds to pathological variability during standing and walking. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016;68:111\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13047-020-00428-6","volume":"13","author":"GA Whittaker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Whittaker GA, Landorf KB, Munteanu SE, Menz HB. Predictors of response to foot orthoses and corticosteroid injection for plantar heel pain. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020;13(1):60.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"key":"2808_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-4","volume":"13","author":"K Scrivener","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scrivener K, Sherrington C, Schurr K. A systematic review of the responsiveness of lower limb physical performance measures in inpatient care after stroke. BMC Neurol. 2013;13:4.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00206-1","volume":"53","author":"JA Husted","year":"2000","unstructured":"Husted JA, Cook RJ, Farewell VT, Gladman DD. Methods for assessing responsiveness: a critical review and recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000;53(5):459\u201368.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1146-6-10","volume":"6","author":"M Carroll","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carroll M, Joyce W, Brenton-Rule A, Dalbeth N, Rome K. Assessment of foot and ankle muscle strength using hand held dynamometry in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2013;6(1):10.","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.11.009","volume":"41","author":"H Baan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baan H, Dubbeldam R, Nene AV, van de Laar MAFJ. Gait analysis of the lower limb in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2012;41(6):768\u2013788.e8.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"16","key":"2808_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5678","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21165678","volume":"21","author":"HJ An","year":"2020","unstructured":"An HJ, Tizaoui K, Terrazzino S, Cargnin S, Lee KH, Nam SW, et al. Sarcopenia in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases: a comprehensive review. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(16):5678.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2808_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12406","volume":"38","author":"T Harries","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harries T, Rettie R. Walking as a social practice: dispersed walking and the organisation of everyday practices. Sociol Health Illn. 2016;38(6):874\u201383.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"issue":"4","key":"2808_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2003.10609109","volume":"74","author":"GC Le-Masurier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Le-Masurier GC, Sidman CL, Corbin CB. Accumulating 10,000 steps: does this meet current physical activity guidelines? Res Q Exerc Sport. 2003;74(4):389\u201394.","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-020-01351-3","volume":"51","author":"EM Murtagh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murtagh EM, Mair JL, Aguiar E, Tudor-Locke C, Murphy MH. Outdoor walking speeds of apparently healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2021;51(1):125\u201341.","journal-title":"Sports Med Auckl NZ"},{"issue":"24","key":"2808_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451\u201362.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2808_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hkpj.2015.10.001","volume":"34","author":"L Larkin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larkin L, Gallagher S, Fraser AD, Kennedy N. Relationship between self-efficacy, beliefs, and physical activity in inflammatory arthritis. Hong Kong Physiother J. 2016;34:33\u201340.","journal-title":"Hong Kong Physiother J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2808_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3899","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17113899","volume":"17","author":"IA Lesser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lesser IA, Nienhuis CP. The impact of COVID-19 on physical activity behavior and well-being of Canadians. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3899.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2808_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.04.009","volume":"121","author":"P Tucker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tucker P, Gilliland J. The effect of season and weather on physical activity: a systematic review. Public Health. 2007;121(12):909\u201322.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2808_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2020.1847714","volume":"31","author":"N Hishikawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hishikawa N, Toyama S, Sawada K, Kawasaki T, Ohashi S, Ikoma K, et al. Foot orthosis treatment improves physical activity but not muscle quantity in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis and sarcopenia. Mod Rheumatol. 2021;31(5):997\u20131003.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2808_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3182a0595f","volume":"46","author":"SM Dyrstad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dyrstad SM, Hansen BH, Holme IM, Anderssen SA. Comparison of self-reported versus accelerometer-measured physical activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(1):99\u2013106.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02808-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02808-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02808-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T06:10:07Z","timestamp":1653459007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02808-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"references-count":87,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-022-02808-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS (2019-3182), and all the participants gave their informed consent to participate in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"124"}}