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We aimed to reveal the potential roles of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pSS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>pSS patients were enrolled and NETosis markers were measured in plasma and labial glands using ELISA and immunofluorescence. The gene signatures of neutrophils were assessed by RNA-Seq and RT-PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial ROS (MitoSOX) production, and JC-1 were measured by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>NETosis markers including cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in plasma and labial glands from pSS patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (HCs) and were associated with disease activity. RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR revealed activated type I IFN signaling pathway and higher expression of genes related to type I interferon in pSS neutrophils. Further stimulating with IFN-\u03b1 2a in vitro significantly induced ROS production and JC-1 monomer percentage in pSS neutrophils.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our data suggest the involvement of neutrophils and enhanced NETosis in pSS patients. Further mechanism study in vitro revealed that type I IFN activation in pSS neutrophils led to mitochondrial damage and related ROS production which finally result in the generation of NETs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02860-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T05:02:37Z","timestamp":1658206957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["The potential roles of type I interferon activated neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xunyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shulan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuiwen","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huaxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linyi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiufeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyun","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100450","volume":"187","author":"E Villanueva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Villanueva E, Yalavarthi S, Berthier CC, Hodgin JB, Khandpur R, Lin AM, Rubin CJ, Zhao W, Olsen SH, Klinker M, et al. 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