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Serum periostin was measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn\u2019s multiple comparisons tests and Spearman\u2019s test for correlations. Cardiac tissue from SSc patients and controls was stained for periostin and co-stained for periostin and collagen type I using immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Periostin levels were higher in patients with SSc compared to controls and directly correlated to modified Rodnan skin score and echocardiography parameters of left ventricular measurements. Immunofluorescence staining in SSc cardiac tissue showed patchy periostin expression in all SSc patients, but not in controls. Furthermore, there was extensive periostin expression even in areas without collagen deposition, while all established fibrotic areas showed colocalization of collagen and periostin. There was no association between periostin levels and interstitial lung disease, pulmonary hypertension or other vascular complications.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Periostin is elevated in SSc cardiac tissue in vivo and circulating levels of periostin are increased in SSc, correlating with the extent of disease duration, degree of skin fibrosis, and left ventricular structural assessments. Periostin may be a potential biomarker that can provide further pathogenic insight into cardiac fibrosis in SSc.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02943-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T07:35:26Z","timestamp":1668152126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Periostin overexpression in scleroderma cardiac tissue and its utility as a marker for disease complications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Fatima","family":"El-Adili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin K.","family":"Lui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mortada","family":"Najem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Farina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Trojanowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Sam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreea M.","family":"Bujor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"2943_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0806188","volume":"360","author":"A Gabrielli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gabrielli A, Avvedimento EV, Krieg T. 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