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This retrospective and prospective study aimed to investigate whether the gut dysbiosis exists in patients with TAK and to identify specific gut microorganisms related to aortic aneurysm formation\/progression in TAK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed the faecal microbiome of 76 patients with TAK and 56 healthy controls (HCs) using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We examined the relationship between the composition of the gut microbiota and clinical parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patients with TAK showed an altered gut microbiota with a higher abundance of oral-derived bacteria, such as<jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, regardless of the disease activity, than HCs. This increase was significantly associated with the administration of a proton pump inhibitor used for preventing gastric ulcers in patients treated with aspirin and glucocorticoids. Among patients taking a proton pump inhibitor,<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>was more frequently detected in those who underwent vascular surgeries and endovascular therapy for aortic dilatation than in those who did not. Among the genus of<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>Campylobacter gracilis<\/jats:italic>in the gut microbiome was significantly associated with clinical events related to aortic aneurysm formation\/worsening in patients with TAK. In a prospective analysis, patients with a gut microbiome positive for<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>were significantly more likely to require interventions for aortic dilatation than those who were negative for<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, patients with TAK who were positive for<jats:italic>C. gracilis<\/jats:italic>by polymerase chain reaction showed a tendency to have severe aortic aneurysms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A specific increase in oral-derived<jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>in the gut may be a novel predictor of aortic aneurysm formation\/progression in patients with TAK.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03031-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]],"date-time":"2023-03-24T09:03:04Z","timestamp":1679648584000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Gut dysbiosis is associated with aortic aneurysm formation and progression in Takayasu arteritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Manabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Ishibashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Asano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Tonomura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichi","family":"Maeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Motooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Yanagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Edamoto-Taira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Chikaishi-Kirino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadakatsu","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Katada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Okazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Narazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Kumanogoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8404-2587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Nakaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00004","volume":"120","author":"GS Kerr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kerr GS, Hallahan CW, Giordano J, et al. 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Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication was obtained from all of the participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Y. Maeda has received a research grant and\/or speaker fee from Chugai, Pfizer, and Mitsubishi-Tanabe. M. N. has received a grant and payment from the Department of Advanced Clinical and Translational Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, which is collaborating with Chugai. T. O. has received lecture fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Pfizer Japan Inc., and Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., and research grants from Mochida Pharmaceutical Co. A. K. has received lecture fees and research grants from Chugai. Y. N. has received consulting fees and lecture fees, and research grants from Chugai, consulting fees and lecture fees from AbbVie, and consulting fees from Janssen Pharmaceuticals K.K. All other authors have no conflict of interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"46"}}