{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T14:58:32Z","timestamp":1792249112894,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012495","name":"Spondylitis Association of America","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012495","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01-052915-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01-052915-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We sought to discover serum biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) for diagnosis and monitoring disease activity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We studied biologic-treatment-na\u00efve AS and healthy control (HC) patients\u2019 sera. Eighty samples matched by age, gender, and race (1:1:1 ratio) for AS patients with active disease, inactive disease, and HC were analyzed with SOMAscan\u2122, an aptamer-based discovery platform. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>-tests tests were performed for high\/low-disease activity AS patients versus HCs (diagnosis) and high versus low disease activity (Monitoring) in a 2:1 and 1:1 ratio, respectively, to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs).<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>We used the Cytoscape Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plugin to find clusters in protein\u2013protein interaction networks and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) for upstream regulators. Lasso regression analysis was performed for diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 1317 proteins detected in our diagnosis and monitoring analyses, 367 and 167 (317 and 59, FDR-corrected <jats:italic>q<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) DEPs, respectively, were detected. MCODE identified complement, IL-10 signaling, and immune\/interleukin signaling as the top 3 diagnosis PPI clusters. Complement, extracellular matrix organization\/proteoglycans, and MAPK\/RAS signaling were the top 3 monitoring PPI clusters. IPA showed interleukin 23\/17 (interleukin 22, interleukin 23A), TNF (TNF receptor-associated factor 3), cGAS-STING (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, Stimulator of Interferon Gene 1), and Jak\/Stat (Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), signaling in predicted upstream regulators. Lasso regression identified a Diagnostic 13-protein model predictive of AS. This model had a sensitivity of 0.75, specificity of 0.90, a kappa of 0.59, and overall accuracy of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.61\u20130.92). The AS vs HC ROC curve was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61\u20130.96).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified multiple candidate AS diagnostic and disease activity monitoring serum biomarkers using a comprehensive proteomic screen. Enrichment analysis identified key pathways in AS diagnosis and monitoring. Lasso regression identified a multi-protein panel with modest predictive ability.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03044-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1681207377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Quantitative proteomic screening uncovers candidate diagnostic and monitoring serum biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mark","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shervin","family":"Assassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyna","family":"Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamala","family":"Vanarsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Reveille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"3044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2563","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406182","volume":"374","author":"JD Taurog","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taurog JD, Chhabra A, Colbert RA. Ankylosing spondylitis and axial spondyloarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(26):2563\u201374.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3044_CR2","volume-title":"Kelley and Firestein\u2019s textbook of rheumatology","author":"GS Firestein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Firestein GS, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O\u2019Dell JR. Kelley and Firestein\u2019s textbook of rheumatology. 2017."},{"issue":"6","key":"3044_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21621","volume":"64","author":"JD Reveille","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reveille JD, Witter JP, Weisman MH. Prevalence of axial spondylarthritis in the United States: estimates from a cross-sectional survey. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64(6):905\u201310.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3044_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3528","volume":"48","author":"D Ellinghaus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ellinghaus D, Jostins L, Spain SL, Cortes A, Bethune J, Han B, Park YR, Raychaudhuri S, Pouget JG, Hubenthal M, et al. Analysis of five chronic inflammatory diseases identifies 27 new associations and highlights disease-specific patterns at shared loci. Nat Genet. 2016;48(5):510\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"3044_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.17","volume":"39","author":"PR Burton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Burton PR, Clayton DG, Cardon LR, Craddock N, Deloukas P, Duncanson A, Kwiatkowski DP, McCarthy MI, Ouwehand WH, Samani NJ, et al. Association scan of 14,500 nonsynonymous SNPs in four diseases identifies autoimmunity variants. Nat Genet. 2007;39(11):1329\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"9","key":"3044_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219446","volume":"80","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Wu X, Leo PJ, De Guzman E, Akkoc N, Breban M, Macfarlane GJ, Mahmoudi M, Marzo-Ortega H, Anderson LK, et al. Polygenic risk scores have high diagnostic capacity in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(9):1168\u201374.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"3044_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100469","volume":"38","author":"S Assassi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Assassi S, Reveille JD, Arnett FC, Weisman MH, Ward MM, Agarwal SK, Gourh P, Bhula J, Sharif R, Sampat K, et al. Whole-blood gene expression profiling in ankylosing spondylitis shows upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 and 5. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(1):87\u201398.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3044_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838636","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.838636","volume":"13","author":"S Alber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alber S, Kumar S, Liu J, Huang ZM, Paez D, Hong J, Chang HW, Bhutani T, Gensler LS, Liao W. Single cell transcriptome and surface epitope analysis of ankylosing spondylitis facilitates disease classification by machine learning. Front Immunol. 2022;13:838636.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3044_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02623-7","volume":"23","author":"F Karow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karow F, Smiljanovic B, Gr\u00fcn JR, Poddubnyy D, Proft F, Talpin A, Hue C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Garchon HJ, et al. Monocyte transcriptomes from patients with axial spondyloarthritis reveal dysregulated monocytopoiesis and a distinct inflammatory imprint. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):246.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"3044_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00676","volume":"19","author":"S Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu S, Ji W, Lu J, Tang X, Guo Y, Ji M, Xu T, Gu W, Kong D, Shen Q, et al. Discovery of potential serum protein biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis using tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics. J Proteome Res. 2020;19(2):864\u201372.","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"issue":"32","key":"3044_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20153","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c01776","volume":"5","author":"YP Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu YP, Zhang XL, Zheng F, Yun C, Zhu C, Cai W, Liu D, Hong X, Li Q, Hu B, et al. Quantitative proteomic analyses to reveal the key features of proteins in new onset ankylosing spondylitis patients. ACS Omega. 2020;5(32):20153\u201361.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"3044_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"838891","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.838891","volume":"13","author":"Z Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu Z, Hong X, Zhang X, Zheng F, Liu F, Xu H, Zhu C, Cai W, Liu D, Yin L, et al. Global proteomic analyses reveals abnormal immune regulation in patients with new onset ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol. 2022;13:838891.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3044_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.08.023","volume":"150","author":"AM Billing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Billing AM, Ben Hamidane H, Bhagwat AM, Cotton RJ, Dib SS, Kumar P, Hayat S, Goswami N, Suhre K, Rafii A, et al. Complementarity of SOMAscan to LC-MS\/MS and RNA-seq for quantitative profiling of human embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells. J Proteomics. 2017;150:86\u201397.","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3044_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2001.113989","volume":"69","author":"Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints","year":"2001","unstructured":"Biomarkers and surrogate endpoints. preferred definitions and conceptual framework. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001;69(3):89\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"3044_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.120139","volume":"69","author":"DA Poddubnyy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poddubnyy DA, Rudwaleit M, Listing J, Braun J, Sieper J. Comparison of a high sensitivity and standard C reactive protein measurement in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1338\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3044_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2018.07.004","volume":"11","author":"MH Rahbar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rahbar MH, Lee M, Hessabi M, Tahanan A, Brown MA, Learch TJ, Diekman LA, Weisman MH, Reveille JD. Harmonization, data management, and statistical issues related to prospective multicenter studies in Ankylosing spondylitis (AS): experience from the Prospective Study Of Ankylosing Spondylitis (PSOAS) cohort. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2018;11:127\u201335.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"3044_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.094870","volume":"68","author":"C Lukas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lukas C, Landewe R, Sieper J, Dougados M, Davis J, Braun J, van der Linden S, van der Heijde D. Development of an ASAS-endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):18\u201324.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"3044_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015004","volume":"5","author":"L Gold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gold L, Ayers D, Bertino J, Bock C, Bock A, Brody EN, Carter J, Dalby AB, Eaton BE, Fitzwater T, et al. Aptamer-based multiplexed proteomic technology for biomarker discovery. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(12):e15004.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"3044_CR19","unstructured":"SOMAscanTM Technical White Paper [http:\/\/somalogic.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/SSM-002-Rev-3-SOMAscan-Technical-White-Paper.pdf]"},{"issue":"2","key":"3044_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M111.013904","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.013904","volume":"11","author":"R Fischer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischer R, Trudgian DC, Wright C, Thomas G, Bradbury LA, Brown MA, Bowness P, Kessler BM. Discovery of candidate serum proteomic and metabolomic biomarkers in ankylosing spondylitis. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2012;11(2):M111.013904.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.0c00023","volume":"3","author":"N Braga Emidio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Braga Emidio N, Brierley SM, Schroeder CI, Muttenthaler M. Structure, function, and therapeutic potential of the trefoil factor family in the gastrointestinal tract. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2020;3(4):583\u201397.","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3044_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-012-1030-9","volume":"398","author":"S J\u00e4ger","year":"2013","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger S, Stange EF, Wehkamp J. Inflammatory bowel disease: an impaired barrier disease. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2013;398(1):1\u201312.","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"3044_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(93)90830-6","volume":"104","author":"NA Wright","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wright NA, Poulsom R, Stamp G, Van Noorden S, Sarraf C, Elia G, Ahnen D, Jeffery R, Longcroft J, Pike C, et al. Trefoil peptide gene expression in gastrointestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 1993;104(1):12\u201320.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"3044_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i12.3223","volume":"20","author":"L Aamann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aamann L, Vestergaard EM, Gr\u00f8nb\u00e6k H. Trefoil factors in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(12):3223\u201330.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3044_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200405000-00006","volume":"38","author":"R Shaoul","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaoul R, Okada Y, Cutz E, Marcon MA. Colonic expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, and TFF1 in inflammatory bowel disease in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;38(5):488\u201393.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"9","key":"3044_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.9.1027","volume":"193","author":"GT Furuta","year":"2001","unstructured":"Furuta GT, Turner JR, Taylor CT, Hershberg RM, Comerford K, Narravula S, Podolsky DK, Colgan SP. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-dependent induction of intestinal trefoil factor protects barrier function during hypoxia. J Exp Med. 2001;193(9):1027\u201334.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711750408","volume":"175","author":"MR Alison","year":"1995","unstructured":"Alison MR, Chinery R, Poulsom R, Ashwood P, Longcroft JM, Wright NA. Experimental ulceration leads to sequential expression of spasmolytic polypeptide, intestinal trefoil factor, epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha mRNAs in rat stomach. J Pathol. 1995;175(4):405\u201314.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3044_CR28","first-page":"308","volume":"2","author":"TD Kinsella","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kinsella TD, Espinoza L, Vasey FB. Serum complement and immunoglobulin levels in sporadic and familial ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1975;2(3):308\u201313.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3044_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38116","volume":"65","author":"S Hou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hou S, Qi J, Liao D, Zhang Q, Fang J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Bai L, Zhang M, Kijlstra A, et al. Copy number variations of complement component C4 are associated with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease but not with ankylosing spondylitis associated with acute anterior uveitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(11):2963\u201370.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3044_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34643","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34643","volume":"6","author":"C Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang C, Ding P, Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhao J, Xu E, Wang N, Chen J, Yang G, et al. Inhibition of complement retards ankylosing spondylitis progression. Sci Rep. 2016;6:34643.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"3044_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-021-05679-7","volume":"40","author":"MC Hwang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang MC, Ridley L, Reveille JD. Ankylosing spondylitis risk factors: a systematic literature review. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(8):3079\u201393.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR32","first-page":"3565","volume":"20","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang J, Xu R, Wu L, Jiang J. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20(4):3565\u201372.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"3044_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-219446","volume":"80","author":"Z Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Z, Wu X, Leo PJ, De Guzman E, Akkoc N, Breban M, Macfarlane GJ, Mahmoudi M, Marzo-Ortega H, Anderson LK, et al. Polygenic Risk Scores have high diagnostic capacity in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(9):1168\u201374.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-019-04824-7","volume":"39","author":"L Ye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ye L, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Dong L, Wen C, Zhang Z, Jin M, Brown MA, Chen D. MRI compared with low-dose CT scanning in the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(4):1295\u2013303.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3044_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.131199","volume":"41","author":"E Klingberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klingberg E, Nurkkala M, Carlsten H, Forsblad-d\u2019Elia H. Biomarkers of bone metabolism in ankylosing spondylitis in relation to osteoproliferation and osteoporosis. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(7):1349\u201356.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR36","first-page":"980","volume":"26","author":"A Spoorenberg","year":"1999","unstructured":"Spoorenberg A, van der Heijde D, de Klerk E, Dougados M, de Vlam K, Mielants H, van der Tempel H, van der Linden S. Relative value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in assessment of disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 1999;26(4):980\u20134.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3044_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/33.10.927","volume":"33","author":"J Gratacos","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gratacos J, Collado A, Filella X, Sanmarti R, Canete J, Llena J, Molina R, Ballesta A, Munoz-Gomez J. Serum cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma) in ankylosing spondylitis: a close correlation between serum IL-6 and disease activity and severity. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33(10):927\u201331.","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3044_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.2310\/JIM.0b013e31828deed2","volume":"61","author":"XL Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li XL, Lin TT, Qi CY, Yuan L, Xia LP, Shen H, Lu J. Elevated serum level of IL-33 and sST2 in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: associated with disease activity and vascular endothelial growth factor. J Investig Med. 2013;61(5):848\u201351.","journal-title":"J Investig Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3044_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3857","volume":"14","author":"DL Mattey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mattey DL, Packham JC, Nixon NB, Coates L, Creamer P, Hailwood S, Taylor GJ, Bhalla AK. Association of cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase profiles with disease activity and function in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(3):R127.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"3044_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0413-4","volume":"16","author":"MC Turina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Turina MC, Yeremenko N, Paramarta JE, De Rycke L, Baeten D. Calprotectin (S100A8\/9) as serum biomarker for clinical response in proof-of-concept trials in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(4):413.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"3044_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101128","volume":"38","author":"S Arends","year":"2011","unstructured":"Arends S, van der Veer E, Groen H, Houtman PM, Jansen TL, Leijsma MK, Bijzet J, Limburg PC, Kallenberg CG, Spoorenberg A, et al. Serum MMP-3 level as a biomarker for monitoring and predicting response to etanercept treatment in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2011;38(8):1644\u201350.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3044_CR42","first-page":"640","volume":"32","author":"F Genre","year":"2014","unstructured":"Genre F, Lopez-Mejias R, Miranda-Filloy JA, Ubilla B, Carnero-Lopez B, Palmou-Fontana N, Gomez-Acebo I, Blanco R, Rueda-Gotor J, Pina T, et al. Osteoprotegerin correlates with disease activity and endothelial activation in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients undergoing TNF-alpha antagonist therapy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32(5):640\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3044_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138883","volume":"70","author":"SJ Pedersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedersen SJ, Sorensen IJ, Garnero P, Johansen JS, Madsen OR, Tvede N, Hansen MS, Thamsborg G, Andersen LS, Majgaard O, et al. ASDAS, BASDAI and different treatment responses and their relation to biomarkers of inflammation, cartilage and bone turnover in patients with axial spondyloarthritis treated with TNFalpha inhibitors. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(8):1375\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3044_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201403","volume":"72","author":"MH Weisman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weisman MH, Witter JP, Reveille JD. The prevalence of inflammatory back pain: population-based estimates from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009\u201310. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(3):369\u201373.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3044_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hwang MC, Zheng K, J. Assassi, S. Mohan, C. Reveille, J. Quantitative proteomic screening uncovers diagnostic and monitoring serum biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(Supplement 9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.42355.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42355"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03044-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03044-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03044-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T11:14:10Z","timestamp":1681211650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03044-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-023-03044-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the University of Texas Institutional Review Board (HSC-MS-07\u20130022) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"57"}}