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IP was assessed by measuring levels of zonulin and ileal mRNA expression of zonulin. I-inf was assessed by lymphocyte count from rat ileum and by measuring ileal mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The integrity of the intestinal barrier was evaluated by levels of iFABP. BT and gut microbiota were assessed by LPS, soluble CD14 levels, and 16S RNA sequencing in mesenteric lymph node and by 16S rRNA sequencing in stool, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Plasma zonulin levels increased at the preclinical and onset phase in the AIA group. Plasma levels of iFABP were increased in AIA rats at all stages of the arthritis course. The preclinical phase was characterized by a transient dysbiosis and increased mRNA ileal expression of IL-8, IL-33, and IL-17. At the onset phase, TNF-\u03b1, IL-23p19, and IL-8 mRNA expression were increased. No changes in cytokines mRNA expression were observed at the acute phase. Increased CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cell number was measured in the AIA ileum at day 4 and day 11. No increase in BT was observed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These data show that intestinal changes precede the development of arthritis but argue against a strict \u201ccorrelative\u201d model in which arthritis and gut changes are inseparable.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03069-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]],"date-time":"2023-06-06T06:02:10Z","timestamp":1686031330000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Increased gut permeability and intestinal inflammation precede arthritis onset in the adjuvant-induced model of arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sophie","family":"Hecquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Perle","family":"Totoson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Algros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Saas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Paul","family":"Pais-de-Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alban","family":"Atchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Valot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Hocquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maude","family":"Tournier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Prati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wendling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Demougeot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Verhoeven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"3069_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2653","volume":"9","author":"JR Turner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turner JR. 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