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The median follow-up time was 26\u00a0months (25th\u201375th percentile: 10\u201353). We identified four subtypes: renal impairment type (cluster 1, 39%), pure type (cluster 2, 22%), systemic inflammation type (cluster 3, 26%), and rapid progress type (cluster 4, 13%). Cluster 1, characterized by renal dysfunction at onset (80%), demonstrated poor prognoses with only 26% achieved complete remission (CR), 11% dying, and 19% developing renal failure. In contrast, patients in cluster 2, exclusively female, most had only kidney involvement showed the best prognoses with 55% achieving CR and none experiencing death or renal failure within 10\u00a0years. Cluster 3 mostly consisted of males; high fever and C-reactive protein levels were the primary characteristics. These cases exhibited moderate prognoses with 53% achieving CR, 9% dying, and 4% developing renal failure. Finally, patients in cluster 4, which was characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, had the worst prognoses, with none achieving CR, 8% dying, and 75% developing renal failure despite aggressive treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>MPA is classified into four subtypes with distinct clinical manifestations and prognoses.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-023-03218-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T09:02:56Z","timestamp":1701939776000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical phenotypes and prognoses of microscopic polyangiitis based on kidney biopsies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanwei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liangjing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minfang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3218_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1673387","volume":"39","author":"A Karras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karras A. 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