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In this study, an animal model of cervical disc degeneration and discogenic neck pain induced by a low concentration of\n                      <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L) is investigated to explore the possible mechanisms of cervical discogenic pain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cervical IVD degeneration and discitis was induced in 8-week-old male rats in C3\u2013C6 IVDs through the anterior intervertebral puncture with intradiscal injections of low and high concentrations of\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920 and\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -H,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915) or\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200915), compared to control (injection with PBS,\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920). The structural changes in the cervical IVD using micro-CT, histological evaluation, and gene expression assays after MRI scans at 2 and 6\u00a0weeks post-modeling. The\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L induced IVD degeneration model was assessed for cervical spine MRI, histological degeneration, pain-like behaviors (guarding behavior and forepaw von Frey), nerve fiber growth in the IVD endplate region, and DRG TNF-\u03b1 and CGRP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IVD injection with\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L induced IVD degeneration with decreased IVD height and MRI T2 values. IVD injection with\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -H and\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      both lead to discitis-like changes on T2-weighted MRI, trabecular bone remodeling on micro-CT, and osseous fusion after damage in the cartilage endplate adjacent to the injected IVD. Eventually, rats in the\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L group exhibited significant nociceptive hypersensitivity, nerve fiber ingrowth was observed in the IVD endplate region, inflammatory activity in the DRG was significantly increased compared to the control group, and the expression of the pain neurotransmitter CGRP was significantly upregulated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -L was validated to induce cervical IVD degeneration and discogenic pain phenotype, while\n                      <jats:italic>P. acnes<\/jats:italic>\n                      -H induced was identified to resemble septic discitis comparable to those caused by\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03269-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]],"date-time":"2024-01-31T04:04:23Z","timestamp":1706673863000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Induction of cervical disc degeneration and discogenic pain by low concentration Propionibacterium acnes infection: an in vivo animal study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dikai","family":"Bei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaifeng","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiming","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengdong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"3269_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Jesus Correia F, Soares JB, Dos Anjos Matos R, Pithon KR, Ferreira LN, de Assun\u00e7\u00e3o PL. 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