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Study quality was assessed using the NOS scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (version 14.0). Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger\u2019s regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The meta-analysis incorporated 17 studies, encompassing 45,067,349 individuals with follow-up periods ranging from 0.5 to 2 years. The pooled analysis revealed no significant association between vaccinations and an increased risk of SLE [OR\u2009=\u20091.14, 95% CI (0.86\u20131.52), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200978.1%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.348]. Subgroup analyses indicated that HBV vaccination was significantly associated with an elevated risk of SLE [OR\u2009=2.11, 95% CI (1.11-4.00), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200963.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02], HPV vaccination was slightly associated with an increased risk of SLE [OR\u2009=\u20091.43, 95% CI (0.88\u20132.31), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200972.4%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.148], influenza vaccination showed no association with an increased risk of SLE [OR\u2009=\u20090.96, 95% CI (0.82\u20131.12), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u20090.0%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.559], and COVID-19 vaccine was marginally associated with a decreased risk of SLE [OR\u2009=\u20090.44, 95% CI (0.18\u20131.21), I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009=\u200991.3%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.118].<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study suggests that vaccinations are not linked to an increased risk of SLE. Our meta-analysis results provide valuable insights, alleviating concerns about SLE risk post-vaccination and supporting further vaccine development efforts.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03296-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T04:10:12Z","timestamp":1709525412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vaccination and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis of observational studies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Meijiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanpeng","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqi","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haichang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengping","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3296_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ITC81","DOI":"10.7326\/AITC202006020","volume":"172","author":"M Kiriakidou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kiriakidou M, Ching CL. 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