{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T03:01:25Z","timestamp":1789441285888,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61971214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61971214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81701639"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81701639"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A1515012093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A1515012093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","award":["2023A052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A052"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) provide more comprehensive and informative perspective on microstructural alterations of cerebral white matter (WM) than single-shell diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), especially in the detection of crossing fiber. However, studies on systemic lupus erythematosus patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms (non-NPSLE patients) using multi-shell diffusion imaging remain scarce.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Totally 49 non-NPSLE patients and 41 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent multi-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. Totally 10 diffusion metrics based on DKI (fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, mean kurtosis, axial kurtosis and radial kurtosis) and NODDI (neurite density index, orientation dispersion index and volume fraction of the isotropic diffusion compartment) were evaluated. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and atlas-based region-of-interest (ROI) analyses were performed to determine group differences in brain WM microstructure. The associations of multi-shell diffusion metrics with clinical indicators were determined for further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TBSS analysis revealed reduced FA, AD and RK and increased ODI in the WM of non-NPSLE patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, family-wise error corrected), and ODI showed the best discriminative ability. Atlas-based ROI analysis found increased ODI values in anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), inferior frontal-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), forceps major (F_major), forceps minor (F_minor) and uncinate fasciculus (UF) in non-NPSLE patients, and the right ATR showed the best discriminative ability. ODI in the F_major was positively correlated to C3.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study suggested that DKI and NODDI metrics can complementarily detect WM abnormalities in non-NPSLE patients and revealed ODI as a more sensitive and specific biomarker than DKI, guiding further understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of normal-appearing WM injury in SLE.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03344-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T15:08:55Z","timestamp":1716908935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Microstructural changes of the white matter in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without neuropsychiatric symptoms: a multi-shell diffusion imaging study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziru","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1737-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangliang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"3344_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-018-0156-8","volume":"15","author":"N Schwartz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz N, Stock AD, Putterman C. Neuropsychiatric lupus: new mechanistic insights and future treatment directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15:137\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"3344_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199904)42:4<599::AID-ANR2>3.0.CO;2-F","volume":"42","author":"The American College","year":"1999","unstructured":"The American College. Of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes. Arthr Rhuem. 1999;42:599\u2013608.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"3344_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-022-02954-z","volume":"24","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li S, Bai R, Yang Y, et al. Abnormal cortical thickness and structural covariance networks in systemic lupus erythematosus patients without major neuropsychiatric manifestations. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022;24:259.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"3344_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203318793215","volume":"27","author":"E Kozora","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kozora E, Filley CM, Erkan D, et al. Longitudinal evaluation of diffusion tensor imaging and cognition in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2018;27:1810\u20138.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"3344_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2016.06.013","volume":"74","author":"M Govoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Govoni M, Bortoluzzi A, Padovan M, et al. The diagnosis and clinical management of the neuropsychiatric manifestations of lupus. J Autoimmun. 2016;74:41\u201372.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"3344_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.783","volume":"15","author":"PJ Basser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Basser PJ, Jones DK. Diffusion-tensor MRI: theory, experimental design and data analysis - a technical review. NMR Biomed. 2002;15:456\u201367.","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"3344_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tournier J-D. Diffusion MRI in the brain \u2013 theory and concepts. Progress Nucl Magn Reson Spectrosc. 2019;16.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnmrs.2019.03.001"},{"key":"3344_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.20508","volume":"53","author":"JH Jensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jensen JH, Helpern JA, Ramani A, et al. Diffusional kurtosis imaging: the quantification of non-gaussian water diffusion by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med. 2005;53:1432\u201340.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"3344_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19026","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19026","volume":"6","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shen Z, et al. The neurochemical and microstructural changes in the brain of systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients: a Multimodal MRI Study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:19026.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3344_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27019","volume":"52","author":"C Andica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andica C, Kamagata K, Hatano T, et al. MR biomarkers of degenerative brain disorders Derived from Diffusion Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020;52:1620\u201336.","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3344_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803066","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.803066","volume":"13","author":"S Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang S, Huang C, Li M, et al. White Matter Abnormalities and cognitive deficit after mild traumatic brain Injury: comparing DTI, DKI, and NODDI. Front Neurol. 2022;13:803066.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"3344_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3704","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23628","volume":"38","author":"K Kamagata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamagata K, Zalesky A, Hatano T, et al. Gray Matter Abnormalities in Idiopathic Parkinson\u2019s Disease: evaluation by Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging: Gray Matter Abnormalities in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;38:3704\u201322.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"3344_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-022-00416-6","volume":"8","author":"X Bai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai X, Guo T, Chen J, et al. Microstructural but not macrostructural cortical degeneration occurs in Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment. npj Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8:151.","journal-title":"npj Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"3344_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928","volume":"40","author":"MC Hochberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochberg MC. Updating the American college of rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rhuem. 1997;40:1725\u20131725.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"3344_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303","volume":"39","author":"D Gladman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gladman D, Ginzler E, Goldsmith C, et al. The development and initial validation of the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics\/American college of rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rhuem. 1996;39:363\u20139.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"3344_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606","volume":"35","author":"C Bombardier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, et al. Derivation of the sledai. A disease activity index for lupus patients. Arthr Rhuem. 1992;35:630\u201340.","journal-title":"Arthr Rhuem"},{"key":"3344_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith SM, Jenkinson M, Woolrich MW et al. Advances in Functional and Structural MR Image Analysis and Implementation as FSL Technical Report TR04SS2. Neuroimage 2004;23 Suppl 1:S208\u2013S219.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"3344_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2014.00008","volume":"8","author":"E Garyfallidis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garyfallidis E. Dipy, a library for the analysis of diffusion MRI data. Front Neuroinformatics. 2014;8:8.","journal-title":"Front Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"3344_CR19","unstructured":"Henriques RN. Diffusion kurtosis imaging of the healthy human brain. 2012;150."},{"key":"3344_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.10.026","volume":"105","author":"A Daducci","year":"2015","unstructured":"Daducci A, Canales-Rodr\u00edguez EJ, Zhang H, et al. Accelerated microstructure imaging via convex optimization (AMICO) from diffusion MRI data. NeuroImage. 2015;105:32\u201344.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3344_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","volume":"92","author":"AM Winkler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winkler AM, Ridgway GR, Webster MA, et al. Permutation inference for the general linear model. NeuroImage. 2014;92:381\u201397.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3344_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061","volume":"44","author":"S Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith S, Nichols T. Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. NeuroImage. 2009;44:83\u201398.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3344_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.053","volume":"39","author":"K Hua","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hua K, Zhang J, Wakana S, et al. Tract probability maps in stereotaxic spaces: analyses of white matter anatomy and tract-specific quantification. NeuroImage. 2008;39:336\u201347.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"3344_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1516-0","volume":"20","author":"J Nystedt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nystedt J, Nilsson M, J\u00f6nsen A, et al. Altered white matter microstructure in lupus patients: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20:21.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"3344_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2006.09.037","volume":"25","author":"L Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang L, Harrison M, Heier LA, et al. Diffusion changes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25:399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"3344_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.07.001","volume":"5","author":"T Schmidt-Wilcke","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt-Wilcke T, Cagnoli P, Wang P, et al. Diminished white matter integrity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. NeuroImage: Clin. 2014;5:291\u20137.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin"},{"key":"3344_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.12.021","volume":"13","author":"M Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu M, Tan X, Zhang X, et al. Alterations of white matter structural networks in patients with non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus identified by probabilistic tractography and connectivity-based analyses. NeuroImage: Clin. 2017;13:349\u201360.","journal-title":"NeuroImage: Clin"},{"key":"3344_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Solowij N. Chapter 40 - Chronic Cannabis Use and Axonal Fiber Connectivity.ln: V.R. Preedy, editors. Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies, Academic Press, San Diego. 2017;391\u2013400.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800756-3.00046-6"},{"key":"3344_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.11.008","volume":"17","author":"BL Costallat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Costallat BL, Ferreira DM, Lapa AT, et al. Brain diffusion tensor MRI in systematic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review. Autoimmun rev. 2018;17:36\u201343.","journal-title":"Autoimmun rev"},{"key":"3344_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-017-9681-3","volume":"12","author":"L Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao L, Tan X, Wang J, et al. Brain white matter structural networks in patients with non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Brain Imaging Behav. 2018;12:142\u201355.","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"3344_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W26","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11365","volume":"202","author":"AJ Steven","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steven AJ, Zhuo J, Melhem ER. Diffusion kurtosis imaging: an emerging technique for evaluating the Microstructural Environment of the brain. Am J Roentgenol. 2014;202:W26\u201333.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"3344_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1518","volume":"23","author":"JH Jensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jensen JH, Helpern JA. MRI quantification of non-gaussian water diffusion by kurtosis analysis. NMR Biomed. 2010;23:698\u2013710.","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"3344_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108908","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2020.108908","volume":"346","author":"K Kamiya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kamiya K, Hori M, Aoki S. NODDI in clinical research. J Neurosci Methods. 2020;346:108908.","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"3344_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H, Schneider T, Wheeler-Kingshott CA et al. NODDI: Practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain. 2012;17.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072"},{"key":"3344_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.04.013","volume":"183","author":"D Mamah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mamah D, Conturo TE, Harms MP, et al. Anterior thalamic radiation integrity in schizophrenia: a diffusion-tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2010;183:144\u201350.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging"},{"key":"3344_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-01856-2","volume":"224","author":"S Sarubbo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sarubbo S, Petit L, De Benedictis A, et al. Uncovering the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle and its topological organization in non-human primates: the missing connection for language evolution. Brain Struct Funct. 2019;224:1553\u201367.","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"3344_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.05.030","volume":"292","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, Jiang X, Wei S, et al. White matter tracts in bipolar disorder patients: a comparative study based on diffusion kurtosis and tensor imaging. J Affect Disord. 2021;292:45\u201355.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3344_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2014.12.030","volume":"174","author":"S Poletti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Poletti S, Bollettini I, Mazza E, et al. Cognitive performances associate with measures of white matter integrity in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2015;174:342\u201352.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3344_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00081","volume":"13","author":"SY Yi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yi SY, Barnett BR, Torres-Vel\u00e1zquez M, et al. Detecting Microglial Density with quantitative multi-compartment diffusion MRI. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:81.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"3344_CR40","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute. American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Definitions. Qeios 2020."},{"key":"3344_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-0400-0","volume":"16","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dalakas MC, Alexopoulos H, Spaeth PJ. Complement in neurological disorders and emerging complement-targeted therapeutics. Nat Rev Neurol. 2020;16:601\u201317.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03344-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03344-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03344-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]],"date-time":"2024-05-28T15:09:45Z","timestamp":1716908985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03344-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03344-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Medical Ethics committee of NanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University (NFEC-2019-124). All participants gave written informed consent prior to participating in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"110"}}