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Diagnostic algorithms for IIM were developed based on the results of the classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, which used immunostaining results as predictor variables for classifying patients with IIMs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the analysis set (IIM, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009129; control, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200973), IIM-related histopathologic features had a diagnostic accuracy of 87.6% (sensitivity 80.6%; specificity 100.0%) for IIMs. Notably, muscular expression of CD163 (99.2% vs. 20.8%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and MHC class I (87.6% vs. 23.1%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) was significantly higher in the IIM group than in controls. Based on the CART analysis results, we developed an algorithm combining CD163 and MHC class I expression that conferred a diagnostic accuracy of 95.5% (sensitivity 96.1%; specificity 94.5%). In addition, our algorithm was able to correctly diagnose IIM in 94.1% (16\/17) of patients who did not meet the 2017 EUALR\/ACR criteria but were diagnosed as having IIMs by an expert physician.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Combination of CD163 and MHC class I muscular expression may be useful in diagnosing IIMs.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03364-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T13:02:30Z","timestamp":1722344550000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Expression of CD163 and major histocompatibility complex class I as diagnostic markers for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Byeongzu","family":"Ghang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Hye","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wonho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungsun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo-Ho","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Seon","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seokchan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Gil","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Keun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Jeong","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"3364_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199111213252107","volume":"325","author":"MC Dalakas","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dalakas MC. 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Byeongzu Ghang, Bin Yoo, and Soo Jeong Nam, along with their affiliated institutions, hold patents related to this research that are restricted to Korea.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"144"}}