{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:19:58Z","timestamp":1793996398664,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To investigate the association between the development of incident interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the disease activity of RA with its various components, especially C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analysed data from RA patients, observed in the German biologics register RABBIT between 2001 and 2021. In a nested case-control study, patients with a reported incident ILD diagnosis during follow-up were matched 1:5 to patients without ILD. Matching criteria were sex, age, RA duration, date of enrolment and observation time. Defined by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), we adjusted the conditional logistic regression models for rheumatoid factor, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tuberculosis\/chronic viral infections to investigate the impact of disease activity\/systemic inflammation. Mean and categorized values were analysed within 12 months prior to ILD and during the entire observation time. Additionally, two sensitivity analyses were performed, using validated ILD cases only and considering ILD cases with an observation time of more than 12 months.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We identified 139 RA patients with incident ILD and matched them to 686 controls. In 94 cases the diagnosis could be validated, and 98 cases had a follow-up of &gt;\u200912 months. The averaged DAS28 composite score (including ESR or CRP) was not associated with developing RA-ILD (odds ratios 1.16 [95% confidence interval: 0.97\u20131.40] and 1.06 [0.86\u20131.29], respectively). However, single measures of inflammation, log ESR (1.86 [1.35\u20132.57]) and log CRP (1.55 [1.21\u20131.97]), were significantly associated with an increased RA-ILD risk. A higher risk for ILD was also revealed for persistently high inflammation. Other DAS28 components showed no significant associations with RA-ILD. These results were consistent for values over the entire observation time of a patient and within 12 months prior to the ILD. Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Higher levels of systemic inflammation, as indicated by ESR and CRP, but not joint counts or patient\u2019s global assessment, were significantly associated with the occurrence of incident ILD in patients with RA. As possible predictor for the development of RA-ILD, systemic inflammation should be monitored closely and independently of joint count results.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03449-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]],"date-time":"2024-12-05T06:51:58Z","timestamp":1733381518000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of systemic inflammation and disease activity on the incidence of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis \u2013 a nested case-control study within the German biologics register RABBIT"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ronja","family":"Ramien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Rudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieke","family":"Alten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Strangfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Meissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3449_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30155","volume":"63","author":"CS Crowson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E, Michet CJ, Ernste FC, Warrington KJ, et al. 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Participants gave written informed consent to participate in the study prior to enrolment.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"No applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"RR: Support for attending meetings and\/or travel: AlfaSigma, Lilly, UCB; All support for the present manuscript (e.g., funding, provision of study materials, medical writing, article processing charges, etc.): RABBIT* is supported by a joint, unconditional grant from AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celltrion, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Hexal, Lilly, MSD, Pfizer, Samsung Bioepis, Sanofi Aventis, Viatris Sante, and UCB, and previously Roche. TR: no competing interest. RA: Consulting fees: Abbvie, AlfaSigma, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Chugai, Galapagos, Gilead, Hexal, Janssen, Lilly, Mylan\/Viatris, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB; Payment or honoraria for speakers bureaus or similar: Abbvie, AlfaSigma, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Chugai, Galapagos, Gilead, Hexal, Janssen, Lilly, Mylan\/Viatris, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB; Support for attending meetings and\/or travel: Abbvie, AlfaSigma, Amgen, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, Chugai, Galapagos, Gilead, Hexal, Janssen, Lilly, Mylan\/Viatris, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB. AK: Consulting fees: AbbVie, Gilead, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Janssen, UCB, Lilly; Payment or honoraria for speakers bureaus or similar: AbbVie, Gilead, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Novartis, Janssen, UCB, Lilly; Support for attending meetings and\/or travel: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim; Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board: Pfizer; Leadership or fiduciary role: German society for rheumatology. MSchneider: Grants or contracts from any entity: GSK, AstraZeneca; Consulting fees: AstraZeneca, GSK, Otsuka, UCB; Payment or honoraria for speakers bureaus or similar: AstraZeneca, Pfizer, GSK, BMS; Support for attending meetings and\/or travel: Abbvie; Leadership or fiduciary role: Guidelines DGRh. MSchaefer: Grants or contracts from any entity: PI of the RABBIT* registry. AS: Grants or contracts from any entity: PI of the RABBIT* registry; Honoraria for lectures: AbbVie, Pfizer, Galapagos, Takeda, Janssen, Lilly, Samsung Bioepis; Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board: Unpaid role as DMC-Chair of the BADBIR register, UK, Unpaid member of the DMC Board of the Lupus Best Study. YM: Honoraria for lectures: Lilly, Pfizer.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"209"}}