{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:16:48Z","timestamp":1791231408816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735948800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2022YFC2504600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2504600"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2022YFC2504600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2504600"]}]},{"name":"Chinese National Key Technology R&D Program, Ministry of Science and Technology","award":["2022YFC2504600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2504600"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Golden Seeds Foundation","award":["CYJZ202216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYJZ202216"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016966","name":"Bethune Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAYJ-057"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAYJ-057"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016966","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["3332022107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3332022107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","award":["2023-RW320-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-RW320-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-024-03467-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T07:36:39Z","timestamp":1735976199000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Gastrointestinal lesions of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a prediction model and clinical patterns"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Suying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunjiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linna","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengmei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinping","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengchun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3467_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"White JPE, Dubey S. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a review. Autoimmun rev. 2023;22(1).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2022.103219"},{"issue":"6","key":"3467_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-023-00958-w","volume":"19","author":"G Emmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Emmi G, Bettiol A, Gelain E, Bajema IM, Berti A, Burns S, et al. Evidence-based Guideline for the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2023;19(6):378\u201393.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3467_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.2022-1117","volume":"50","author":"S Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu S, Han L, Li M, Tian X, Zeng X, Lu Y, et al. Sex differences in clinical manifestations of hospitalized patients with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: a retrospective cohort study. J Rheumatol. 2023;50(10):1318\u201325.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12515-9","volume":"10","author":"PA Lyons","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyons PA, Peters JE, Alberici F, Liley J, Coulson RMR, Astle W, et al. Genome-wide association study of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reveals genomic loci stratified by ANCA status. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5120.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3467_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2014.01.018","volume":"48\u201349","author":"L Mouthon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mouthon L, Dunogue B, Guillevin L. Diagnosis and classification of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly named Churg-Strauss syndrome). J Autoimmun. 2014;48\u201349:99\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"3467_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099722","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1099722","volume":"13","author":"R Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li R, Chen Y, Zhang S, Peng L, Zhou J, Fei Y, et al. Clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of patients with gastrointestinal involvement in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1099722.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3467_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1333","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0977-2777","volume":"7","author":"K Kawasaki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kawasaki K, Nakamura S, Esaki M, Kurahara K, Eizuka M, Okamoto Y, et al. Gastrointestinal involvement in patients with vasculitis: IgA vasculitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Endosc Int Open. 2019;7(11):E1333\u201343.","journal-title":"Endosc Int Open"},{"key":"3467_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fijolek J, Radzikowska E. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis \u2013 advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Front Med. 2023;10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1145257"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199601000-00003","volume":"75","author":"L Guillevin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, Cohen P, Jarrousse B, Lortholary O, et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and churg-Strauss syndrome. A prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine. 1996;75(1):17\u201328.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e318205a4c6","volume":"90","author":"L Guillevin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R, Mahr A, Mouthon L, Toumelin PL. The five-factor score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine. 2011;90(1):19\u201327.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"3467_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330806","volume":"33","author":"AT Masi","year":"1990","unstructured":"Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie JT, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(8):1094\u2013100.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3467_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885198","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.885198","volume":"13","author":"S Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu S, Han L, Liu Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Li M, et al. Clinical significance of MPO-ANCA in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: experience from a longitudinal Chinese cohort. Front Immunol. 2022;13:885198.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3467_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062232098705","DOI":"10.1177\/2040622320987051","volume":"12","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S, Guo L, Zhang Z, Li M, Zeng X, Wang L, et al. Cardiac manifestations of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis from a single-center cohort in China: clinical features and associated factors. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2021;12:2040622320987051.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Chronic Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3467_CR14","first-page":"671","volume":"87","author":"RA Luqmani","year":"1994","unstructured":"Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Moots RJ, Janssen BA, Pall A, Emery P, et al. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. QJM: Monthly J Association Physicians. 1994;87(11):671\u20138.","journal-title":"QJM: Monthly J Association Physicians"},{"issue":"2","key":"3467_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2021.03.002","volume":"51","author":"S Gendreau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gendreau S, Porcher R, Thoreau B, Paule R, Maurier F, Goulenok T, et al. Characteristics and risk factors for poor outcome in patients with systemic vasculitis involving the gastrointestinal tract. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021;51(2):436\u201341.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"3467_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.01.007","volume":"52","author":"W Barcik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barcik W, Boutin RCT, Sokolowska M, Finlay BB. The role of lung and gut microbiota in the Pathology of Asthma. Immunity. 2020;52(2):241\u201355.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"4","key":"3467_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.170249","volume":"45","author":"P Eriksson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eriksson P, Segelmark M, Hallb\u00f6\u00f6k O, Frequency. Diagnosis, treatment, and Outcome of Gastrointestinal Disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. J Rheumatol. 2018;45(4):529\u201337.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3467_CR18","first-page":"270","volume":"11","author":"A Masiak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Masiak A, Zdrojewski \u0141, Zdrojewski Z, Bu\u0142\u0142o-Piontecka B, Rutkowski B. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Prz Gastroenterol. 2016;11(4):270\u20135.","journal-title":"Prz Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3467_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12203","volume":"17","author":"J Latus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Latus J, Koetter I, Fritz P, Kimmel M, Biegger D, Ott G, et al. Gastrointestinal involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: histological features and outcome. Int J Rheum Dis. 2014;17(4):412\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3467_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-022-00819-y","volume":"18","author":"G Trivioli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Trivioli G, Marquez A, Martorana D, Tesi M, Kronbichler A, Lyons PA, et al. Genetics of ANCA-associated vasculitis: role in pathogenesis, classification and management. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022;18(10):559\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-006-0013-8","volume":"6","author":"SP Hogan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hogan SP, Rothenberg ME. Eosinophil function in Eosinophil-associated gastrointestinal disorders. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2006;6(1):65\u201371.","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.10.047","volume":"113","author":"ME Rothenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;113(1):11\u201328. quiz 9.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3467_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2014.98","volume":"10","author":"P Khoury","year":"2014","unstructured":"Khoury P, Grayson PC, Klion AD. Eosinophils in vasculitis: characteristics and roles in pathogenesis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014;10(8):474\u201383.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"3467_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00484","volume":"8","author":"NL Diny","year":"2017","unstructured":"Diny NL, Rose NR, Cihakova D. Eosinophils in Autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:484.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3467_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.1198","volume":"24","author":"R Sugihara","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sugihara R, Kumamoto T, Ito T, Ueyama H, Toyoshima I, Tsuda T. Human muscle protein degradation in vitro by eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). Muscle Nerve. 2001;24(12):1627\u201334.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06720-7","volume":"43","author":"LE Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee LE, Pyo JY, Ahn SS, Song JJ, Park Y-B, Lee S-W. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis classification by cluster analysis based on clinical phenotypes: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Clin Rheumatol. 2023;43(1):367\u201376.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"3467_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00385-2","volume":"18","author":"B Niesler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niesler B, Kuerten S, Demir IE, Sch\u00e4fer KH. Disorders of the enteric nervous system - a holistic view. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;18(6):393\u2013410.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3467_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.027","volume":"167","author":"G Sharon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharon G, Sampson TR, Geschwind DH, Mazmanian SK. The Central Nervous System and the gut Microbiome. Cell. 2016;167(4):915\u201332.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"3467_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042718-041812","volume":"37","author":"C Godinho-Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Godinho-Silva C, Cardoso F, Veiga-Fernandes H. Neuro-Immune cell units: a New Paradigm in Physiology. Annu Rev Immunol. 2019;37:19\u201346.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3467_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4477","volume":"20","author":"VA Pavlov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pavlov VA, Tracey KJ. Neural regulation of immunity: molecular mechanisms and clinical translation. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20(2):156\u201366.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3467_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iii","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2020.04.008","volume":"62","author":"I Chiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiu I, Rolls A. Editorial overview: brain, gut and immune system interactions. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2020;62:iii\u2013v.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3467_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.10.003","volume":"144","author":"BL Bonaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bonaz BL, Bernstein CN. Brain-gut interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(1):36\u201349.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3467_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Liu S, Guo L, Wang L, Wu Q, Zheng W, et al. Clinical characteristics of Peripheral Neuropathy in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective single-center study in China. J Immunol Res. 2020;2020:1\u201310.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3467_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41943","volume":"74","author":"A Bettiol","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bettiol A, Urban ML, Dagna L, Cottin V, Franceschini F, Del Giacco S, et al. Mepolizumab for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis: a European Multicenter Observational Study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(2):295\u2013306.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3467_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2024.01.006","volume":"12","author":"AM Nanzer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nanzer AM, Maynard-Paquette AC, Alam V, Green L, Thomson L, Lam J, et al. Long-term effectiveness of Benralizumab in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2024;12(3):724\u201332.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"3467_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e707","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00243-6","volume":"5","author":"A Bettiol","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bettiol A, Urban ML, Padoan R, Groh M, Lopalco G, Egan A, et al. Benralizumab for eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(12):e707\u201315.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3467_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2311155","volume":"390","author":"ME Wechsler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wechsler ME, Nair P, Terrier B, Walz B, Bourdin A, Jayne DRW, et al. Benralizumab versus Mepolizumab for Eosinophilic granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. N Engl J Med. 2024;390(10):911\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3467_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000158825.87055.0b","volume":"84","author":"C Pagnoux","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Cohen P, Guillevin L. Presentation and outcome of gastrointestinal involvement in systemic necrotizing vasculitides: analysis of 62 patients with polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener granulomatosis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, or rheumatoid arthritis-associated vasculitis. Medicine. 2005;84(2):115\u201328.","journal-title":"Medicine"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03467-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03467-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03467-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T08:03:40Z","timestamp":1735977820000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03467-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3467"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-024-03467-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of PUMCH (number S-K1385, Beijing, China). As a retrospective study, the patient consent was not required but their privacy was protected well.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}