{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T11:58:17Z","timestamp":1789041497187,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021R1A6A1A03039503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03039503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"the National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021R1A6A1A03038899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1A6A1A03038899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Korea Healthy Industry Development Institute","award":["HI23C0661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C0661"]}]},{"name":"the Korea Healthy Industry Development Institute","award":["HI23C0661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI23C0661"]}]},{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03474-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:35:51Z","timestamp":1740443751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Targeting osteoclast-derived DPP4 alleviates inflammation-mediated ectopic bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanhyeok","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Whangbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Ryeong","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeehee","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Hun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Hoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye-Soo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bora","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3034-5029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sungsin","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3542-2276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3474_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-019-0057-8","volume":"7","author":"W Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu W, He X, Cheng K, Zhang L, Chen D, Wang X, Qiu G, Cao X, Weng X. Ankylosing spondylitis: etiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. Bone Res. 2019;7:22.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2021.28.2.55","volume":"28","author":"RD Inman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inman RD. Axial spondyloarthritis: current advances, future challenges. J Rheum Dis. 2021;28(2):55\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"3474_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41042","volume":"71","author":"MM Ward","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ward MM, Deodhar A, Gensler LS, Dubreuil M, Yu D, Khan MA, Haroon N, Borenstein D, Wang R, Biehl A, et al. 2019 update of the American College of Rheumatology\/Spondylitis Association of America\/Spondyloarthritis Research and Treatment Network Recommendations for the treatment of Ankylosing spondylitis and Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(10):1599\u2013613.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3474_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38070","volume":"65","author":"N Haroon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haroon N, Inman RD, Learch TJ, Weisman MH, Lee M, Rahbar MH, Ward MM, Reveille JD, Gensler LS. The impact of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors on radiographic progression in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10):2645\u201354.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"10","key":"3474_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216741","volume":"79","author":"BS Koo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koo BS, Oh JS, Park SY, Shin JH, Ahn GY, Lee S, Joo KB, Kim TH. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors slow radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 18-year real-world evidence. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(10):1327\u201332.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9919","key":"3474_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60397-4","volume":"383","author":"MV Abate","year":"2014","unstructured":"Abate MV, Sandrin C, Pastore S. Secukinumab for ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet. 2014;383(9919):780.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9906","key":"3474_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61134-4","volume":"382","author":"D Baeten","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baeten D, Baraliakos X, Braun J, Sieper J, Emery P, van der Heijde D, McInnes I, van Laar JM, Landewe R, Wordsworth P, et al. Anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody secukinumab in treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;382(9906):1705\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"3474_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R104","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2496","volume":"10","author":"X Baraliakos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baraliakos X, Listing J, Rudwaleit M, Sieper J, Braun J. The relationship between inflammation and new bone formation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008;10(5):R104.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"3474_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2010.79","volume":"6","author":"LS Tam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tam LS, Gu J, Yu D. Pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2010;6(7):399\u2013405.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3474_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24767","volume":"60","author":"G Schett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schett G, Stolina M, Dwyer D, Zack D, Uderhardt S, Kronke G, Kostenuik P, Feige U. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and RANKL blockade cannot halt bony spur formation in experimental inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(9):2644\u201354.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"3474_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0805-0","volume":"18","author":"HW Tseng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tseng HW, Pitt ME, Glant TT, McRae AF, Kenna TJ, Brown MA, Pettit AR, Thomas GP. Inflammation-driven bone formation in a mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis: sequential not parallel processes. Arthritis Res Ther. 2016;18:35.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-021-00140-6","volume":"9","author":"T Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu T, Zhang J, Zhu W, Wang X, Bai Y, Feng B, Zhuang Q, Han C, Wang S, Hu Q, et al. Chondrogenesis mediates progression of ankylosing spondylitis through heterotopic ossification. Bone Res. 2021;9(1):19.","journal-title":"Bone Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4751","volume":"38","author":"S Jo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jo S, Lee SH, Park J, Nam B, Kim H, Youn J, Lee S, Kim TJ, Sung IH, Choi SH, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor B is a key element in the pathological bone formation of Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Bone Min Res. 2023;38(2):300\u201312.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"issue":"6937","key":"3474_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01658","volume":"423","author":"WJ Boyle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boyle WJ, Simonet WS, Lacey DL. Osteoclast differentiation and activation. Nature. 2003;423(6937):337\u201342.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7722","key":"3474_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0482-7","volume":"561","author":"Y Ikebuchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ikebuchi Y, Aoki S, Honma M, Hayashi M, Sugamori Y, Khan M, Kariya Y, Kato G, Tabata Y, Penninger JM, et al. Coupling of bone resorption and formation by RANKL reverse signalling. Nature. 2018;561(7722):195\u2013200.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6717","key":"3474_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/16852","volume":"397","author":"YY Kong","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kong YY, Yoshida H, Sarosi I, Tan HL, Timms E, Capparelli C, Morony S, Oliveira-dos-Santos AJ, Van G, Itie A, et al. OPGL is a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis, lymphocyte development and lymph-node organogenesis. Nature. 1999;397(6717):315\u201323.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9741-7","volume":"94","author":"K Henriksen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Henriksen K, Karsdal MA, Martin TJ. Osteoclast-derived coupling factors in bone remodeling. Calcif Tissue Int. 2014;94(1):88\u201397.","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI91086","volume":"128","author":"BJ Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim BJ, Lee YS, Lee SY, Baek WY, Choi YJ, Moon SA, Lee SH, Kim JE, Chang EJ, Kim EY, et al. Osteoclast-secreted SLIT3 coordinates bone resorption and formation. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(4):1429\u201341.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"3474_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e135446","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135446","volume":"5","author":"W Su","year":"2020","unstructured":"Su W, Liu G, Liu X, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Zhen G, Wang X, Hu Y, Gao P, Demehri S, et al. Angiogenesis stimulated by elevated PDGF-BB in subchondral bone contributes to osteoarthritis development. JCI Insight. 2020;5(8):e135446.","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3668","volume":"20","author":"H Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie H, Cui Z, Wang L, Xia Z, Hu Y, Xian L, Li C, Xie L, Crane J, Wan M, et al. PDGF-BB secreted by preosteoclasts induces angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis. Nat Med. 2014;20(11):1270\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.47.2.159","volume":"47","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptides. Diabetes. 1998;47(2):159\u201369.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"3474_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.06.004","volume":"1842","author":"N Wronkowitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wronkowitz N, Gorgens SW, Romacho T, Villalobos LA, Sanchez-Ferrer CF, Peiro C, Sell H, Eckel J. Soluble DPP4 induces inflammation and proliferation of human smooth muscle cells via protease-activated receptor 2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014;1842(9):1613\u201321.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2023.113909","volume":"435","author":"C Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu C, Xu J, Fan J, Liu C, Xie W, Kong H. DPP-4 exacerbates LPS-induced endothelial cells inflammation via integrin-alpha5beta1\/FAK\/AKT signaling. Exp Cell Res. 2024;435(1):113909.","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0631828100","volume":"100","author":"SL Conarello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conarello SL, Li Z, Ronan J, Roy RS, Zhu L, Jiang G, Liu F, Woods J, Zycband E, Moller DE, et al. Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity and insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(11):6825\u201330.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.153","volume":"13","author":"N Napoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Napoli N, Chandran M, Pierroz DD, Abrahamsen B, Schwartz AV, Ferrari SL, Bone IOF, Diabetes Working G. Mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-induced bone fragility. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2017;13(4):208\u201319.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"35","key":"3474_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2019.34.e224","volume":"34","author":"M Ustulin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ustulin M, Park SY, Choi H, Chon S, Woo JT, Rhee SY. Effect of dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors on the risk of bone fractures in a Korean population. J Korean Med Sci. 2019;34(35): e224.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"3474_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.715","volume":"305","author":"AV Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz AV, Vittinghoff E, Bauer DC, Hillier TA, Strotmeyer ES, Ensrud KE, Donaldson MG, Cauley JA, Harris TB, Koster A, et al. Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2011;305(21):2184\u201392.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1099","volume":"34","author":"M Monami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monami M, Dicembrini I, Antenore A, Mannucci E. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and bone fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(11):2474\u20136.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2277","volume":"29","author":"H Nishida","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nishida H, Suzuki H, Madokoro H, Hayashi M, Morimoto C, Sakamoto M, Yamada T. Blockade of CD26 signaling inhibits human osteoclast development. J Bone Min Res. 2014;29(11):2439\u201355.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14003-6","volume":"11","author":"MM Weivoda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weivoda MM, Chew CK, Monroe DG, Farr JN, Atkinson EJ, Geske JR, Eckhardt B, Thicke B, Ruan M, Tweed AJ, et al. Identification of osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factors in humans reveals links between bone and energy metabolism. Nat Commun. 2020;11(1):87.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3474_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.052","volume":"109","author":"M Ishida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ishida M, Shen WR, Kimura K, Kishikawa A, Shima K, Ogawa S, Qi J, Ohori F, Noguchi T, Marahleh A, et al. DPP-4 inhibitor impedes lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;109:242\u201353.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"3474_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00487","volume":"8","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang Y, Zhao C, Liang J, Yu M, Qu X. Effect of dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors on bone metabolism and the possible underlying mechanisms. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8: 487.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","volume":"27","author":"S van der Linden","year":"1984","unstructured":"van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27(4):361\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"3474_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780290816","volume":"29","author":"R Altman","year":"1986","unstructured":"Altman R, Asch E, Bloch D, Bole G, Borenstein D, Brandt K, Christy W, Cooke TD, Greenwald R, Hochberg M, et al. Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis. Classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee of the American Rheumatism Association. Arthritis Rheum. 1986;29(8):1039\u201349.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-018-1582-3","volume":"20","author":"S Jo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jo S, Wang SE, Lee YL, Kang S, Lee B, Han J, Sung IH, Park YS, Bae SC, Kim TH. IL-17A induces osteoblast differentiation by activating JAK2\/STAT3 in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2018;20(1):115.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2021.28.4.216","volume":"28","author":"S Jo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jo S, Nam B, Lee YL, Park H, Weon S, Choi SH, Park YS, Kim TH. The TNF-NF-kB-DKK1 Axis promoted bone formation in the enthesis of Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheum Dis. 2021;28(4):216\u201324.","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04275-6","volume":"12","author":"Y Oh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oh Y, Park R, Kim SY, Park SH, Jo S, Kim TH, Ji JD. B7-H3 regulates osteoclast differentiation via type I interferon-dependent IDO induction. Cell Death Dis. 2021;12(11):971.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"3474_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.110132","volume":"118","author":"C Jeon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeon C, Jang Y, Lee SH, Weon S, Park H, Lee S, Oh Y, Choi SH, Wang SE, Kim TH, et al. Abnormal kynurenine level contributes to the pathological bone features of ankylosing spondylitis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;118:110132.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.4078\/jrd.2023.0024","volume":"30","author":"S Jo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jo S, Lee SH, Jeon C, Jo HR, Ko E, Whangbo M, Kim TJ, Park YS, Kim TH. Elevated BMPR2 expression amplifies osteoblast differentiation in ankylosing spondylitis. J Rheum Dis. 2023;30(4):243\u201350.","journal-title":"J Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6965","key":"3474_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02119","volume":"426","author":"N Sakaguchi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sakaguchi N, Takahashi T, Hata H, Nomura T, Tagami T, Yamazaki S, Sakihama T, Matsutani T, Negishi I, Nakatsuru S, et al. Altered thymic T-cell selection due to a mutation of the ZAP-70 gene causes autoimmune arthritis in mice. Nature. 2003;426(6965):454\u201360.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"3474_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34423","volume":"64","author":"M Ruutu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ruutu M, Thomas G, Steck R, Degli-Esposti MA, Zinkernagel MS, Alexander K, Velasco J, Strutton G, Tran A, Benham H, et al. Beta-glucan triggers spondylarthritis and Crohn\u2019s disease-like ileitis in SKG mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(7):2211\u201322.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-024-02428-6","volume":"102","author":"JH Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee JH, Lee SH, Jeon C, Han J, Kim SH, Youn J, Park YS, Kim TJ, Kim JS, Jo S, et al. The complement factor H-related protein-5 (CFHR5) exacerbates pathological bone formation in ankylosing spondylitis. J Mol Med (Berl). 2024;102(4):571\u201383.","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"7","key":"3474_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38638","volume":"66","author":"H Benham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Benham H, Rehaume LM, Hasnain SZ, Velasco J, Baillet AC, Ruutu M, Kikly K, Wang R, Tseng HW, Thomas GP, et al. Interleukin-23 mediates the intestinal response to microbial beta-1,3-glucan and the development of spondyloarthritis pathology in SKG mice. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(7):1755\u201367.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"3474_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130203","volume":"6","author":"X Feng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Feng X, McDonald JM. Disorders of bone remodeling. Annu Rev Pathol. 2011;6:121\u201345.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"3474_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2015.00041","volume":"6","author":"NA Sims","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sims NA, Martin TJ. Coupling signals between the Osteoclast and osteoblast: how are messages transmitted between these temporary visitors to the bone surface? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2015;6:41.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"3474_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080706","volume":"23","author":"EC Walker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Walker EC, McGregor NE, Poulton IJ, Pompolo S, Allan EH, Quinn JM, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ, Sims NA. Cardiotrophin-1 is an osteoclast-derived stimulus of bone formation required for normal bone remodeling. J Bone Min Res. 2008;23(12):2025\u201332.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"3474_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5840","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601430","volume":"25","author":"J Ryu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ryu J, Kim HJ, Chang EJ, Huang H, Banno Y, Kim HH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate as a regulator of osteoclast differentiation and osteoclast-osteoblast coupling. EMBO J. 2006;25(24):5840\u201351.","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"52","key":"3474_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20764","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805133106","volume":"105","author":"L Pederson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pederson L, Ruan M, Westendorf JJ, Khosla S, Oursler MJ. Regulation of bone formation by osteoclasts involves Wnt\/BMP signaling and the chemokine sphingosine-1-phosphate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(52):20764\u20139.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"3474_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2187","volume":"29","author":"K Matsuoka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsuoka K, Park KA, Ito M, Ikeda K, Takeshita S. Osteoclast-derived complement component 3a stimulates osteoblast differentiation. J Bone Min Res. 2014;29(7):1522\u201330.","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3474_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1080\/14397595.2016.1265637","volume":"27","author":"SK Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim SK, Choe JY, Lee SS, Shin K. Body mass index is related with the presence of syndesmophyte in axial spondyloarthritis: data from the Korean College of Rheumatology BIOlogics (KOBIO) registry. Mod Rheumatol. 2017;27(5):855\u201361.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3474_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.1625","volume":"20","author":"MJ Roberts","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roberts MJ, Leonard AN, Bishop NC, Moorthy A. Lifestyle modification and inflammation in people with axial spondyloarthropathy-A scoping review. Musculoskelet Care. 2022;20(3):516\u201328.","journal-title":"Musculoskelet Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2023.101455","volume":"27","author":"L Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang L, Zhong W, Liang X, Wang H, Fu SE, Luo Z. Meta-analysis on the association between DPP-4 inhibitors and bone mineral density and osteoporosis. J Clin Densitom. 2024;27(1):101455.","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.08.064","volume":"213","author":"NN Ta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ta NN, Li Y, Schuyler CA, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. DPP-4 (CD26) inhibitor alogliptin inhibits TLR4-mediated ERK activation and ERK-dependent MMP-1 expression by U937 histiocytes. Atherosclerosis. 2010;213(2):429\u201335.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"3474_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E410","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00463.2010","volume":"300","author":"AD Dobrian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dobrian AD, Ma Q, Lindsay JW, Leone KA, Ma K, Coben J, Galkina EV, Nadler JL. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor sitagliptin reduces local inflammation in adipose tissue and in pancreatic islets of obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011;300(2):E410-421.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205216","volume":"74","author":"SC Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim SC, Schneeweiss S, Glynn RJ, Doherty M, Goldfine AB, Solomon DH. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of autoimmune diseases: a population-based cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(11):1968\u201375.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3474_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.830863","volume":"13","author":"J Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang J, Liu X, Wei Y, Li X, Gao S, Dong L, Rao X, Zhong J. Emerging role of dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 830863.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3474_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20364","volume":"63","author":"S Mathieu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathieu S, Gossec L, Dougados M, Soubrier M. Cardiovascular profile in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63(4):557\u201363.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"3474_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.665208","volume":"12","author":"G Furesi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Furesi G, Fert I, Beaufrere M, Araujo LM, Glatigny S, Baschant U, von Bonin M, Hofbauer LC, Horwood NJ, Breban M, et al. Rodent models of spondyloarthritis have decreased white and bone marrow adipose tissue depots. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 665208.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3474_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24492","volume":"60","author":"IC van Eijk","year":"2009","unstructured":"van Eijk IC, de Vries MK, Levels JH, Peters MJ, Huizer EE, Dijkmans BA, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, Hazenberg BP, van de Stadt RJ, Wolbink GJ, et al. Improvement of lipid profile is accompanied by atheroprotective alterations in high-density lipoprotein composition upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: a prospective cohort study in ankylosing spondylitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(5):1324\u201330.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"11","key":"3474_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2005.050443","volume":"65","author":"VP van Halm","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Halm VP, van Denderen JC, Peters MJ, Twisk JW, van der Paardt M, van der Horst-Bruinsma IE, van de Stadt RJ, de Koning MH, Dijkmans BA, Nurmohamed MT. Increased disease activity is associated with a deteriorated lipid profile in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65(11):1473\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"3474_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-011-0088-z","volume":"29","author":"M Monami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Monami M, Lamanna C, Desideri CM, Mannucci E. DPP-4 inhibitors and lipids: systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2012;29(1):14\u201325.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3474_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3839-5","volume":"28","author":"H Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim H, Baek KH, Lee SY, Ahn SH, Lee SH, Koh JM, Rhee Y, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kang MI, et al. Association of circulating dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 levels with osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(3):1099\u2013108.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03474-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03474-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03474-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T01:15:49Z","timestamp":1740446149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03474-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03474-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For human materials, this study was approved by the ethics committee of Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants ( 2014-05-002\u00a0and 2023-06-048). For animal, all experimental procedures were performed in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Animals Ethics Screening Committee of Hanyang University (2022\u20130027A).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}