{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T22:16:49Z","timestamp":1794435409244,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant of Japan","award":["23K15703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K15703"]}]},{"name":"Asahi Kasei Pharma"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03609-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:45:26Z","timestamp":1752137126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand-derived microglia healing peptide 1-AcN inhibits osteoarthritis progression in mice"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3889-0999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-0787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Munehisa","family":"Shimamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5741-5969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Etani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaaki","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3892-123X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuya","family":"Kurihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0729-668X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Goshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1270-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taihei","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1408-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Hirao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7834-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagahiro","family":"Ochiai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3421-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4784-5526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6689-7277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Kanamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8964-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5107-8209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiji","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2426-1024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Ebina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2019;393(10182):1745\u201359.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30417-9"},{"issue":"30","key":"3609_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202715","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202202715","volume":"34","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Chen X, Cai P, Sun H, Shen S, Guo B, Jiang Q. Reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism in synovial macrophages of early osteoarthritis by a camouflaged Meta-Defensome. Adv Mater. 2022;34(30):2202715.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"10","key":"3609_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.136","volume":"12","author":"WH Robinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Robinson WH, Lepus CM, Wang Q, Raghu H, Mao R, Lindstrom TM, Sokolove J. Low-grade inflammation as a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(10):580\u201392.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"3609_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2012.08.027","volume":"20","author":"BJE De Lange-Brokaar","year":"2012","unstructured":"De Lange-Brokaar BJE, Ioan-Facsinay A, Van Osch GJVM, Zuurmond AM, Schoones J, Toes REM, Huizinga TWJ, Kloppenburg M. Synovial inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in osteoarthritis: a review. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2012;20(12):1484\u201399.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3609_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li G, Yin J, Gao J, Cheng TS, Pavlos NJ, Zhang C, Zheng MH. Subchondral bone in osteoarthritis: insight into risk factors and microstructural changes. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2013;15(6):223.","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4405"},{"issue":"12","key":"3609_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2017.08.016","volume":"25","author":"OO Adebayo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adebayo OO, Ko FC, Wan PT, Goldring SR, Goldring MB, Van Der Wright TM. Role of subchondral bone properties and changes in development of load-induced osteoarthritis in mice. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2017;25(12):2108\u201318.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"key":"3609_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui Z, Wu H, Xiao Y, Xu T, Jia J, Lin H, Lin R, Chen K, Lin Y, Li K et al. Endothelial PDGF-BB\/PDGFR-\u03b2 signaling promotes osteoarthritis by enhancing angiogenesis-dependent abnormal subchondral bone formation. Bone Res. 2022;10(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-022-00229-6"},{"key":"3609_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng L, Pi C, Zhang J, Fan Y, Cui C, Zhou Y, Sun J, Yuan Q, Xu X, Ye L et al. Aberrant activation of latent transforming growth factor-\u03b2 initiates the onset of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Bone Res. 2018;6(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-018-0027-6"},{"key":"3609_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang H, Huang L, Welch I, Norley C, Holdsworth DW, Beier F, Cai D. Early changes of articular cartilage and subchondral bone in the DMM mouse model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21184-5"},{"key":"3609_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhen G, Guo Q, Li Y, Wu C, Zhu S, Wang R, Guo XE, Kim BC, Huang J, Hu Y et al. Mechanical stress determines the configuration of TGF\u03b2 activation in articular cartilage. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21948-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"3609_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02512-z","volume":"23","author":"J Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu J, Zhang H, Pan J, Hu Z, Liu L, Liu Y, Yu X, Bai X, Cai D, Zhang H. Fargesin ameliorates osteoarthritis via macrophage reprogramming by downregulating MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways. Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):142.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"3609_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khorasani MS, Diko S, Hsia AW, Anderson MJ, Genetos DC, Haudenschild DR, Christiansen BA. Effect of alendronate on post-traumatic osteoarthritis induced by anterior cruciate ligament rupture in mice. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2015;17(1):30.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0546-0"},{"key":"3609_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ping S-H, Tian F-M, Liu H, Sun Q, Shao L-T, Lian Q-Q, Zhang L. Raloxifene inhibits the overexpression of TGF-\u03b21 in cartilage and regulates the metabolism of subchondral bone in rats with osteoporotic osteoarthritis. Bosnian J Basic Med Sci. 2020.","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2020.5142"},{"key":"3609_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang N, Zhang W, Cheng X, Yan Z, Shao G, Wang X, Wang R, Fu C. Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Therapy. 2022;7(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00904-4"},{"issue":"6","key":"3609_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e17488","volume":"9","author":"TC Ezike","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ezike TC, Okpala US, Onoja UL, Nwike CP, Ezeako EC, Okpara OJ, Okoroafor CC, Eze SC, Kalu OL, Odoh EC, et al. Advances in drug delivery systems, challenges and future directions. Heliyon. 2023;9(6):e17488.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"3609_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e26009","volume":"10","author":"S Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo S, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang J, Qin S, Li W. Advances in peptide-based drug delivery systems. Heliyon. 2024;10(4):e26009.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"8","key":"3609_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-024-03269-1","volume":"33","author":"AJ Pereira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pereira AJ, de Campos LJ, Xing H, Conda-Sheridan M. Peptide-based therapeutics: challenges and solutions. Med Chem Res. 2024;33(8):1275\u201380.","journal-title":"Med Chem Res"},{"key":"3609_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeng N, Chen X-Y, Yan Z-P, Li J-T, Liao T, Ni G-X. Efficacy and safety of sprifermin injection for knee osteoarthritis treatment: a meta-analysis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2021;23(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02488-w"},{"key":"3609_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ng JQ, Jafarov TH, Little CB, Wang T, Ali AM, Ma Y, Radford GA, Vrbanac L, Ichinose M, Whittle S et al. Loss of Grem1-lineage chondrogenic progenitor cells causes osteoarthritis. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42199-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"3609_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100068","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocarto.2020.100068","volume":"2","author":"CH Ladel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ladel CH, Barbero L, Riva S, Guehring H. Tissue distribution of sprifermin (recombinant human fibroblast growth factor 18) in the rat following intravenous and intra-articular injection. Osteoarthr Cartil Open. 2020;2(3):100068.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil Open"},{"key":"3609_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briat A, Jacques C, Malige M, Sudre L, Nourissat G, Auzeloux P, Guehring H, Cachin F, Berenbaum F, Miot-Noirault E. 99mTc-NTP 15\u2013 5 is a companion Radiotracer for assessing joint functional response to sprifermin (rhFGF-18) in a murine osteoarthritis model. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11080-4"},{"issue":"suppl 10","key":"3609_CR22","first-page":"3405","volume":"70","author":"D McGuire","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGuire D, Segal N, Metyas S, Barthel H, Miller M, Rosen D, Kumagai Y. Intra-articular TPX-100 in knee osteoarthritis: robust functional response at 6 and 12 months is associated with increased tibiofemoral cartilage thickness. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70(suppl 10):3405\u201306.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"3609_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8191","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1400544111","volume":"111","author":"M Shimamura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shimamura M, Nakagami H, Osako MK, Kurinami H, Koriyama H, Zhengda P, Tomioka H, Tenma A, Wakayama K, Morishita R. OPG\/RANKL\/RANK axis is a critical inflammatory signaling system in ischemic brain in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2014;111(22):8191\u201396.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"3609_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38062","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38062","volume":"6","author":"H Kurinami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kurinami H, Shimamura M, Nakagami H, Shimizu H, Koriyama H, Kawano T, Wakayama K, Mochizuki H, Rakugi H, Morishita R. A novel therapeutic peptide as a partial agonist of RANKL in ischemic stroke. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):38062.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3609_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimamura M, Nakagami H, Shimizu H, Mukai H, Watanabe R, Okuzono T, Kawano T, Ikeda Y, Hayashi H, Yoshida S et al. Development of a novel RANKL-based peptide, microglial healing peptide1-AcN (MHP1-AcN), for treatment of ischemic stroke. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35898-z"},{"key":"3609_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju N, Shimamura M, Hayashi H, Ikeda Y, Yoshida S, Nakamura A, Morishita R, Rakugi H, Nakagami H. Preventative effects of the partial RANKL peptide MHP1-AcN in a mouse model of imiquimod-induced psoriasis. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51681-0"},{"key":"3609_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ju N, Hayashi H, Shimamura M, Baba S, Yoshida S, Morishita R, Rakugi H, Nakagami H. Prevention of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by a RANKL peptide in mice. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16843-7"},{"key":"3609_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7740079","volume":"2022","author":"RF Mota","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mota RF, Cavalcanti De Ara\u00fajo PH, Cezine MER, Matsuo FS, Metzner RJM, Oliveira De Biagi Junior CA, Peronni KC, Hayashi H, Shimamura M, Nakagami H, et al. RANKL impairs the TLR4 pathway by increasing TRAF6 and RANK interaction in macrophages. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"3609_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.03.006","volume":"15","author":"SS Glasson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glasson SS, Blanchet TJ, Morris EA. The surgical destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of osteoarthritis in the 129\/svev mouse. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2007;15(9):1061\u201369.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"12","key":"3609_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2023.07.010","volume":"31","author":"A Goshima","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goshima A, Etani Y, Hirao M, Yamakawa S, Okamura G, Miyama A, Takami K, Miura T, Fukuda Y, Kurihara T, et al. Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes meniscus regeneration through the cultivation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells via the CXCL6-CXCR2 pathway. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023;31(12):1581\u201393.","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage"},{"key":"3609_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2020.115525","volume":"139","author":"Y Etani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Etani Y, Ebina K, Hirao M, Kitaguchi K, Kashii M, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Okamura G, Miyama A, Takami K, et al. Combined effect of teriparatide and an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody on bone defect regeneration in mice with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Bone. 2020;139:115525.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"3609_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2010.05.025","volume":"18","author":"SS Glasson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glasson SS, Van Den Chambers MG, Little CB. The OARSI histopathology initiative\u2013 recommendations for histological assessments of osteoarthritis in the mouse. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2010;18:S17\u201323.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"4","key":"3609_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2006.02508.x","volume":"49","author":"V Krenn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Krenn V, Morawietz L, Burmester GR, Kinne RW, Mueller-Ladner U, Muller B, Haupl T. Synovitis score: discrimination between chronic low-grade and high-grade synovitis. Histopathology. 2006;49(4):358\u201364.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"11","key":"3609_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2880","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29092","volume":"116","author":"F-C Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang F-C, Chen S, Robling AG, Yu X, Nebesio TD, Yan J, Morgan T, Li X, Yuan J, Hock J, et al. Hyperactivation of p21ras and PI3K cooperate to alter murine and human neurofibromatosis type 1\u2013haploinsufficient osteoclast functions. J Clin Invest. 2006;116(11):2880\u201391.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"3609_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okamura G, Ebina K, Hirao M, Chijimatsu R, Yonetani Y, Etani Y, Miyama A, Takami K, Goshima A, Yoshikawa H et al. Promoting effect of basic fibroblast growth factor in synovial mesenchymal stem Cell-Based cartilage regeneration. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;22(1).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010300"},{"key":"3609_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takami K, Okamoto K, Etani Y, Hirao M, Miyama A, Okamura G, Goshima A, Miura T, Kurihara T, Fukuda Y et al. Anti-NF-kappaB peptide derived from nuclear acidic protein attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in mice. JCI Insight. 2023;8(22).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.171962"},{"issue":"12","key":"3609_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17122146","volume":"17","author":"E Charlier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Charlier E, Relic B, Deroyer C, Malaise O, Neuville S, Coll\u00e9e J, Malaise M, De Seny D. Insights on molecular mechanisms of chondrocytes death in osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(12):2146.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"3609_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI70050","volume":"124","author":"JL Crane","year":"2014","unstructured":"Crane JL, Cao X. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and TGF-beta signaling in bone remodeling. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(2):466\u201372.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"3609_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3668","volume":"20","author":"H Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie H, Cui Z, Wang L, Xia Z, Hu Y, Xian L, Li C, Xie L, Crane J, Wan M, et al. PDGF-BB secreted by preosteoclasts induces angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis. Nat Med. 2014;20(11):1270\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3609_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2000112","volume":"5","author":"N Ju","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ju N, Hayashi H, Shimamura M, Yoshida S, Nakamaru R, Nakagami H, Morishita R, Rakugi H. Prevention of acute lung injury by a novel CD14-Inhibitory receptor activator of the NF-\u03baB ligand peptide in mice. ImmunoHorizons. 2021;5(6):438\u201347.","journal-title":"ImmunoHorizons"},{"issue":"5","key":"3609_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2018.02.901","volume":"26","author":"MJ McAllister","year":"2018","unstructured":"McAllister MJ, Chemaly M, Eakin AJ, Gibson DS, McGilligan VE. NLRP3 as a potentially novel biomarker for the management of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2018;26(5):612\u201319.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"10","key":"3609_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4397","volume":"36","author":"SN Ziemian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziemian SN, Witkowski AM, Wright TM, Van Der Otero M. Early Inhibition of subchondral bone remodeling slows load-induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis development in mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2021;36(10):2027\u201338.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3609_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-218089","volume":"80","author":"W Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu W, Chen Y, Dou C, Dong S. Microenvironment in subchondral bone: predominant regulator for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(4):413\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"3609_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2025.117440","volume":"194","author":"T Kurihara","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kurihara T, Shimamura M, Etani Y, Noguchi T, Fukuda Y, Ochiai N, Goshima A, Miura T, Hirao M, Sugimoto A, et al. RANKL-derived peptide MHP1-AcN attenuates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by targeting RANK and TNFR1 in mice. Bone. 2025;194:117440.","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"6","key":"3609_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3143","volume":"19","author":"G Zhen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhen G, Wen C, Jia X, Li Y, Crane JL, Mears SC, Askin FB, Frassica FJ, Chang W, Yao J, et al. Inhibition of TGF-\u03b2 signaling in mesenchymal stem cells of subchondral bone attenuates osteoarthritis. Nat Med. 2013;19(6):704\u201312.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"3609_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Z, Yuan K, Zhang Q, Guo JJ, Yang H, Zhou F. Antioxidant PDA-PEG nanoparticles alleviate early osteoarthritis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis in subchondral bone. J Nanobiotechnol. 2022;20(1).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01697-y"},{"key":"3609_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su W, Liu G, Liu X, Zhou Y, Sun Q, Zhen G, Wang X, Hu Y, Gao P, Demehri S et al. Angiogenesis stimulated by elevated PDGF-BB in subchondral bone contributes to osteoarthritis development. JCI Insight. 2020;5(8).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135446"},{"issue":"5","key":"3609_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3388","volume":"33","author":"J Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu J, Zhang H, Cai D, Zeng C, Lai P, Shao Y, Fang H, Li D, Ouyang J, Zhao C, et al. Positive-Feedback regulation of subchondral H\u2010Type vessel formation by chondrocyte promotes osteoarthritis development in mice. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(5):909\u201320.","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"3609_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Papalia GF, Za P, Saccone L, Franceschetti E, Zampogna B, Vasta S, Papalia R. Meniscal extrusion: risk factors and diagnostic tools to predict early osteoarthritis. Orthop Rev. 2023;15.","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.74881"},{"issue":"3","key":"3609_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2021.12.002","volume":"30","author":"K Arakawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arakawa K, Takahata K, Enomoto S, Oka Y, Ozone K, Nakagaki S, Murata K, Kanemura N, Kokubun T. The difference in joint instability affects the onset of cartilage degeneration or subchondral bone changes. Osteoarthr Cartil. 2022;30(3):451\u201360.","journal-title":"Osteoarthr Cartil"},{"issue":"1","key":"3609_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40169-018-0215-4","volume":"7","author":"S Bapat","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bapat S, Hubbard D, Munjal A, Hunter M, Fulzele S. Pros and cons of mouse models for studying osteoarthritis. Clin Transl Med. 2018;7(1):36.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03609-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03609-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03609-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,7]],"date-time":"2025-09-07T02:27:06Z","timestamp":1757212026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03609-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03609-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments were approved by the Animal Experimental Committee of The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine Faculty of Medicine (No. 02-057-014, dated: June 13, 2024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"142"}}