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Moreover, to examine associations of these markers with patient and disease-characteristics, as well as with a traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk score (SCORE) and its EULAR-modified version (mSCORE).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Greyscale and color-Doppler indices [resistance (RI)- and pulsatility (PI)-index], as well as markers of atherosclerosis [Intima-Media-Thickness (cIMT), plaques, and cumulative calcification surface], were examined in the common- (CCA) and internal- (ICA) carotid arteries of pSS patients and healthy controls. The gold standard oscillometric marker of aortic stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; cfPWV) and the traditional SCORE\/mSCORE, were also assessed.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We recruited <jats:italic>119<\/jats:italic> pSS-patients and <jats:italic>97<\/jats:italic> controls. Patients exhibited significantly higher cfPWV (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>adj<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.025<\/jats:italic>), cIMT (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sub>\n                <jats:italic>adj<\/jats:italic>\n              <\/jats:sub>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>), and calcification area (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.013)<\/jats:italic>, compared to controls. According to mSCORE, <jats:italic>5.7%<\/jats:italic> of the patients had high CV risk. However, cfPWV and carotid-sonography revealed increased aortic stiffness in <jats:italic>45.4%<\/jats:italic> and carotid atherosclerosis in <jats:italic>69.2%<\/jats:italic>, respectively. Among pSS-patients, cfPWV correlated with C-reactive-protein (<jats:italic>rho<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.325, p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.001<\/jats:italic>), erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate (<jats:italic>rho<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.271<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009<jats:italic>0.003<\/jats:italic>), and traditional CV-risk factors (age, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure: all; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.01<\/jats:italic>). ICA-RI and ICA-PI were higher in patients with further (non-rheumatological) autoimmune diseases (both; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009<jats:italic>0.05<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In the largest cfPWV\/US-cohort examined to date, pSS-patients had significantly higher aortic stiffness and atherosclerosis than controls. Aortic stiffness was predicted by systemic inflammation, alongside traditional CV risk factors. cfPWV and carotid-US may help identify subclinical end-organ disease and atherosclerosis and thus assist CV\/CVB-screening in pSS.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>DRKS00031470.\u2009<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03625-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T11:33:00Z","timestamp":1754047980000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Oscillometric, greyscale- and novel color-Doppler-ultrasound indices of macrovascular damage in Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s: the SICARD cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Triantafyllias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirjam","family":"Bach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"B\u00f6gel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthuraman","family":"Muthuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Bertsias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Boumpas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoul","family":"Bergner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Schepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"Schwarting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3625_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.17718","volume":"14","author":"T Both","year":"2017","unstructured":"Both T, Dalm VA, van Hagen PM, van Daele PL. 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