{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1790859782466,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yi-Hua Qiu","award":["31771293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31771293"]}]},{"name":"Yu-Ping Peng","award":["31371182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31371182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-025-03659-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T10:55:36Z","timestamp":1760698536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Treg cells mitigate inflammatory responses and symptoms via \u03b22-AR\/\u03b2-Arr2\/ERK signaling in an experimental rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Hua","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Hua","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6937","key":"3659_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01661","volume":"423","author":"GS Firestein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Firestein GS. Evolving concepts of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature. 2003;423(6937):356\u201361.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR2","first-page":"19","volume":"61","author":"M Branimir Ani\u0107","year":"2014","unstructured":"Branimir Ani\u0107 M. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatizam. 2014;61(2):19\u201323.","journal-title":"Reumatizam"},{"issue":"11","key":"3659_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.153","volume":"8","author":"G Schett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schett G, Gravallese E. Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(11):656\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5 Suppl 46","key":"3659_CR4","first-page":"S4","volume":"25","author":"AP Cope","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cope AP, Schulze-Koops H, Aringer M. The central role of T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(5 Suppl 46):S4\u201311.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-011-1984-x","volume":"32","author":"Q Niu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niu Q, Cai B, Huang ZC, Shi YY, Wang LL. Disturbed Th17\/Treg balance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(9):2731\u20136.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"3659_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.05.002","volume":"30","author":"MA Curotto de Lafaille","year":"2009","unstructured":"Curotto de Lafaille MA, Lafaille JJ. Natural and adaptive Foxp3\u2009+\u2009Regulatory T cells: more of the same or a division of labor? Immunity. 2009;30(5):626\u201335.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"7090","key":"3659_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753","volume":"441","author":"E Bettelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bettelli E, Carrier Y, Gao W, Korn T, Strom TB, Oukka M, Weiner HL, Kuchroo VK. Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells. Nature. 2006;441(7090):235\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"3659_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2009.05.021","volume":"21","author":"YK Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee YK, Mukasa R, Hatton RD, Weaver CT. Developmental plasticity of Th17 and Treg cells. Curr Opin Immunol. 2009;21(3):274\u201380.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2003.12.009","volume":"16","author":"DA Horwitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Horwitz DA, Zheng SG, Gray JD, Wang JH, Ohtsuka K, Yamagiwa S. Regulatory T cells generated ex vivo as an approach for the therapy of autoimmune disease. Semin Immunol. 2004;16(2):135\u201343.","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-013-0352-0","volume":"15","author":"FA Cooles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cooles FA, Isaacs JD, Anderson AE. Treg cells in rheumatoid arthritis: an update. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2013;15(9):352.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"3659_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.04.006","volume":"30","author":"JL Riley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riley JL, June CH, Blazar BR. Human T regulatory cell therapy: take a billion or so and call me in the morning. Immunity. 2009;30(5):656\u201365.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2012.09.001","volume":"279","author":"Z Huang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huang Z, Yang B, Shi Y, Cai B, Li Y, Feng W, Luo L, Wang L. Anti-TNF-\u03b1 therapy improves Treg and suppresses Teff in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Immunol. 2012;279(1):25\u20139.","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R402","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1500","volume":"7","author":"H Kelchtermans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kelchtermans H, De Klerck B, Mitera T, Van Balen M, Bullens D, Billiau A, Leclercq G, Matthys P. Defective CD4\u2009+\u2009CD25\u2009+\u2009regulatory T cell functioning in collagen-induced arthritis: an important factor in pathogenesis, counter-regulated by endogenous IFN-gamma. Arthritis Res Ther. 2005;7(2):R402\u201315.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3659_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200633","volume":"189","author":"R Haque","year":"2012","unstructured":"Haque R, Lei F, Xiong X, Bian Y, Zhao B, Wu Y, Song J. Programming of regulatory T cells from pluripotent stem cells and prevention of autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2012;189(3):1228\u201336.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3659_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21195","volume":"52","author":"ME Morgan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morgan ME, Flierman R, van Duivenvoorde LM, Witteveen HJ, Van Ewijk W, VanLaar JM, De Vries RRP, Toes REM. Effective treatment of collagen-induced arthritis by adoptive transfer of CD25\u2009+\u2009regulatory T cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(7):2212\u201321.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"5","key":"3659_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10558","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010558","volume":"5","author":"J Duarte","year":"2010","unstructured":"Duarte J, Agua-Doce A, Vanessa G, Eurico FJ, Luis G, Derya U. Modulation of IL-17 and Foxp3 expression in the prevention of autoimmune arthritis in mice. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(5):10558\u201366.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"3659_CR17","first-page":"336","volume":"23","author":"R Weissert","year":"2017","unstructured":"Weissert R. Adaptive immunity is the key to the Understanding of autoimmune and paraneoplastic inflammatory central nervous system disorders. Front Immunol. 2017;23(8):336.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2008.10.001","volume":"19","author":"X Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan X, Wang Y. \u03b22 adrenergic receptor on T lymphocytes and its clinical implications. Prog Nat Sci. 2009;19(1):17\u201323.","journal-title":"Prog Nat Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"3659_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646395","volume":"46","author":"LD Estrada","year":"2016","unstructured":"Estrada LD, A\u011fa\u00e7 D, Farrar JD. Sympathetic neural signaling via the \u03b22-adrenergic receptor suppresses T-cell receptor-mediated human and mouse CD8\u2009+\u2009T-cell effector function. Eur J Immunol. 2016;46(8):1948\u201358.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR20","first-page":"3389","volume":"198","author":"SS Chavan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chavan SS, Tracey KJ. Essential neuroscience in immunology. Immunol. 2017;198(9):3389\u201397.","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3659_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000482","volume":"70","author":"PY Jean-Charles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jean-Charles PY, Kaur S, Shenoy SK. GPCR signaling via \u03b2-arrestin-dependent mechanisms. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2017;70(3):142\u201358.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"15","key":"3659_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3792","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20153792","volume":"20","author":"N Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu N, Malemud CJ. Extracellular Signal-Regulated kinase: A regulator of cell Growth, Inflammation, chondrocyte and bone cell Receptor-Mediated gene expression. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(15):E3792.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20987","volume":"52","author":"P Harle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Harle P, Mobius D, Carr DJ, Scholmerich J, Straub RH. An opposing time-dependent immune-modulating effect of the sympathetic nervous system conferred by altering the cytokine profile in the local lymph nodes and spleen of mice with type II collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(4):1305\u201313.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"8","key":"3659_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23628","volume":"58","author":"P Harle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harle P, Pongratz G, Albrecht J, Tarner IH, Straub RH. An early sympathetic nervous system influence exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis via CD4\u2009+\u2009CD25\u2009+\u2009cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(8):2347\u201355.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1999.0564","volume":"13","author":"D Lorton","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lorton D, Lubahn C, Klein N, Schaller J, Bellinger DL. Dual role for noradrenergic innervation of lymphoid tissue and arthritic joints in adjuvant-induced arthritis. Brain Behav Immun. 1999;13(4):315\u201334.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"3659_CR26","first-page":"643","volume":"33","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu Y, Huang Y, Wang XQ, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Effect of tyrosine hydroxylase gene Silencing in CD4\u2009+\u2009T lymphocytes on differentiation and function of helper T cells. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2012;33(6):643\u201350.","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"issue":"18","key":"3659_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216660635","volume":"241","author":"XQ Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang XQ, Liu Y, Cai HH, Peng YP, Qiu YH. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in CD4\u2009+\u2009T cells contributes to alleviation of Th17\/Treg imbalance in collagen-induced arthritis. Exp Biol Med. 2016;241(18):2094\u2013103.","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"3659_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.906184","volume":"27","author":"Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu Y, Rui XX, Shi H, Qiu YH, Peng YP. Norepinephrine inhibits Th17 cells via \u03b22-Adrenergic receptor (\u03b22-AR) signaling in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis. Med Sci Monit. 2018;27(24):1196\u2013204.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-\u2206\u2206Ct method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u20138.","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"3659_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2014.01.006","volume":"182","author":"DL Bellinger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bellinger DL, Lorton D. Autonomic regulation of cellular immune function. Auto nNeurosci. 2014;182:15\u201341.","journal-title":"Auto nNeurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"3659_CR31","first-page":"4857","volume":"159","author":"DS Ramer-Quinn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ramer-Quinn DS, Baker RA, Sanders VM. Activated Th1 and Th2 cells differentially express the beta-2-adrenergic receptor: A mechanism for selective modulation of Th1 cell cytokine production. Immunol. 1997;159(10):4857\u201367.","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3659_CR32","first-page":"4200","volume":"158","author":"VM Sanders","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sanders VM, Baker RA, Ramer-Quinn DS, Kasprowicz DJ, Street NE. Differential expression of the beta-2-adrenergic receptor by Th1 and Th2 clones: implications for cytokine production and B cell help. Immunol. 1997;158(9):4200\u201310.","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR33","first-page":"232","volume":"166","author":"MA Swanson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Swanson MA, Lee WT, Sanders VM. IFN-gamma production by Th1 cells generated from Naiven CD4(+) T cells exposed to norepinephrine. Immunol. 2001;166(1):232\u201340.","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"issue":"5247","key":"3659_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1126\/science.271.5247.363","volume":"271","author":"SS Ferguson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ferguson SS, Downey WE, Colapietro AM, Barak LS, Menard L, Caron MG. Role of \u03b2-arrestin in mediating agonist-promoted G protein-coupled receptor internalization. Science. 1996;271(5247):363\u20136.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"45","key":"3659_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44238","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M309450200","volume":"278","author":"JH Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu JH, Peppel K, Nelson CD, Lin FT, Freedman NJ. The adaptor protein \u03b2-arrestin2 enhances endocytosis of the low density lipoprotein receptor. Biol Chem. 2003;278(45):44238\u201345.","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2018.10.001","volume":"325","author":"M Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma M, Flood PM. \u03b2-arrestin2 regulates the anti-inflammatory effects of Salmeterol in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 cells. Neuroimmunol. 2018;325(2):10\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1159\/000494586","volume":"50","author":"Y Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu Y, Li Y. \u03b2-Arrestin2 inhibits expression of inflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B lung epithelial cells treated with cigarette smoke condensate via Inhibition of autophagy. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;50(4):1270\u201385.","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1302-6","volume":"15","author":"RH Du","year":"2018","unstructured":"Du RH, Zhou Y. \u03b1-Synuclein disrupts the anti-inflammatory role of Drd2 via interfering \u03b2-arrestin2-Table 1 interaction in astrocytes. Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):258.","journal-title":"Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1178","volume":"6","author":"S Sakaguchi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sakaguchi S. Naturally arising Foxp3-expressing CD25\u2009+\u2009CD4\u2009+\u2009regulatory T cells in immunological tolerance to self and non-self. Nat Immunol. 2005;6(4):345\u201352.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3659_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22415","volume":"56","author":"S Sarkar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sarkar S, Fox DA. Regulatory T cell defects in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(3):710\u20133.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"3659_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208992","volume":"76","author":"M Rossetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rossetti M, Spreafico R, Consolaro A, Leong JY, Chua C, Massa M, Saidin S, Magni-Manzoni S, Arkachaisri T, Wallace CA, Gattorno M, Martini A, Lovell DJ, Albani S. TCR repertoire sequencing identifies synovial Treg cell clonotypes in the bloodstream during active inflammation in human arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(2):435\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"3659_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1710-0","volume":"32","author":"WH Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang WH, Shao SH, Jiao ZJ, Guo MQ, Xu HX, Wang SJ. The Th17\/Treg imbalance and cytokine environment in peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2012;32(4):887\u201393.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"3659_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2014.11.020","volume":"74","author":"B Astry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Astry B, Venkatesha SH, Moudgil KD. Involvement of the IL-23\/IL-17 axis and the Th17\/Treg balance in the pathogenesis and control of autoimmune arthritis. Cytokine. 2015;74(1):54\u201361.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"3659_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.10.033","volume":"113","author":"I Dey","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dey I, Bishayi B. Role of Th17 and Treg cells in septic arthritis and the impact of the Th17\/Treg-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of S. aureus induced septic arthritis in mice. Microb Pathog. 2017;113:248\u201364.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"12","key":"3659_CR45","first-page":"7238","volume":"184","author":"MM Zaiss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zaiss MM, Frey B, Hess A, Zwerina J, Luther J, Nimmerjahn F, Engelke K, Kollias G, H\u00fcnig T, Schett G, David JP. Regulatory T cells protect from local and systemic bone destruction in arthritis. Immunol. 2010;184(12):7238\u201346.","journal-title":"Immunol"},{"key":"3659_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00202-z","volume":"17","author":"L Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu L, Hua F, Ding W, Ding K, Zhang Y, Xu C. The correlation between the Th17\/Treg cell balance and bone health. Immun Ageing. 2020;17:30.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research & Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03659-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03659-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03659-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T11:04:11Z","timestamp":1760699051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03659-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3659"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-025-03659-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal procedures performed in this study were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Nantong University and were in accordance with the US National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"194"}}