{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:30:58Z","timestamp":1792132258629,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72274134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72274134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Res Ther"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-026-03753-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T03:27:33Z","timestamp":1769398053000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Frailty as an indicator of adverse health outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyu","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10055","key":"3753_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30173-8","volume":"388","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016;388(10055):2023\u201338.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"3753_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e594","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(23)00211-4","volume":"5","author":"GBD 2021 Rheumatoid Arthritis Collaborators","year":"2023","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Rheumatoid Arthritis Collaborators. Global, regional, and National burden of rheumatoid arthritis, 1990\u20132020, and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023;5(10):e594\u2013610.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9868","key":"3753_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)62167-9","volume":"381","author":"A Clegg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clegg A, Young J, Iliffe S, Rikkert MO, Rockwood K. Frailty in elderly people. Lancet. 2013;381(9868):752\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"3753_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2022.105343","volume":"89","author":"RC Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao RC, Wu ZG, Wu ZZ, Hao M, Wu GC. Frailty in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2022;89(4):105343.","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa219","volume":"50","author":"R O\u2019Caoimh","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Caoimh R, Sezgin D, O\u2019Donovan MR, Molloy DW, Clegg A, Rockwood K, Liew A. Prevalence of frailty in 62 countries across the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-level studies. Age Ageing. 2021;50(1):96\u2013104.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"3","key":"3753_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M146","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.3.M146","volume":"56","author":"LP Fried","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop WJ, Burke G, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56(3):M146\u2013156.","journal-title":"J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"10206","key":"3753_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31786-6","volume":"394","author":"EO Hoogendijk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoogendijk EO, Afilalo J, Ensrud KE, Kowal P, Onder G, Fried LP. Frailty: implications for clinical practice and public health. Lancet. 2019;394(10206):1365\u201375.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"3753_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9924-1","volume":"29","author":"L Lahousse","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lahousse L, Maes B, Ziere G, Loth DW, Verlinden VJ, Zillikens MC, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Tiemeier H, Franco OH, et al. Adverse outcomes of frailty in the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29(6):419\u201327.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3753_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610211002110","volume":"24","author":"NM AM","year":"2012","unstructured":"AM NM, Fan CW, Romero-Ortuno R, Cogan L, Cunningham C, Kenny RA, Lawlor B. Frailty, depression, and anxiety in later life. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012;24(8):1265\u201374.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"3753_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.04.024","volume":"356","author":"JH Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen JH, Lei H, Wan YF, Zhu XC, Zeng LY, Tang HX, Zhao YF, Pan Y, Deng YQ, Liu KX. Frailty and psychiatric disorders: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord. 2024;356:346\u201355.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"38","key":"3753_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eadi3902","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi3902","volume":"9","author":"MG Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng MG, Liu F, Liang Y, Wang K, Nie JQ, Liu J. Association between frailty and depression: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Sci Adv. 2023;9(38):eadi3902.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-48827-8","volume":"15","author":"R Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang R, Noble S, Rosenblatt M, Dai W, Ye J, Liu S, Qi S, Calhoun VD, Sui J, Scheinost D. The brain structure, inflammatory, and genetic mechanisms mediate the association between physical frailty and depression. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):4411.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"3753_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.03.005","volume":"36","author":"P Soysal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soysal P, Veronese N, Thompson T, Kahl KG, Fernandes BS, Prina AM, Solmi M, Schofield P, Koyanagi A, Tseng PT, et al. Relationship between depression and frailty in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2017;36:78\u201387.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"3753_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burton JK, Stewart J, Blair M, Oxley S, Wass A, Taylor-Rowan M, Quinn TJ. Prevalence and implications of frailty in acute stroke: systematic review & meta-analysis. Age Ageing. 2022;51(3):afac064.","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac064"},{"key":"3753_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.110145","volume":"194","author":"D He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He D, Li J, Li Y, Zhu J, Zhou T, Xu Y, Wu Q, Cheng Z, Chen Q, Liu Z, et al. Frailty is associated with the progression of prediabetes to diabetes and elevated risks of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in individuals with prediabetes and diabetes: evidence from two prospective cohorts. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;194:110145.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"5","key":"3753_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.13306","volume":"14","author":"KM Talha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Talha KM, Pandey A, Fudim M, Butler J, Anker SD, Khan MS. Frailty and heart failure: State-of-the-art review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2023;14(5):1959\u201372.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"5","key":"3753_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25282","volume":"76","author":"N Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh N, Gold LS, Lee J, Wysham KD, Andrews JS, Makris UE, England BR, George MD, Baker JF, Jarvik J, et al. Frailty and risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic or Targeted-Synthetic Disease-Modifying antirheumatic drugs. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2024;76(5):627\u201335.","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"3753_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanlon P, Morton F, Siebert S, Jani BD, Nicholl BI, Lewsey J, McAllister D, Mair FS. Frailty in rheumatoidrmdopen-2021-002111 arthritis and its relationship with disease activity, hospitalisation and mortality: a longitudinal analysis of the Scottish early rheumatoid arthritis cohort and UK biobank. RMD Open. 2022;8(1):e002111.","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2021-002111"},{"issue":"6","key":"3753_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11051","volume":"1","author":"JS Andrews","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrews JS, Trupin L, Wysham KD, Hough CL, Yelin EH, Katz PP. The impact of frailty on changes in physical function and disease activity among adults with rheumatoid arthritis. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2019;1(6):366\u201372.","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3753_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3541-9","volume":"36","author":"JS Andrews","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrews JS, Trupin L, Yelin EH, Hough CL, Covinsky KE, Katz PP. Frailty and reduced physical function go hand in hand in adults with rheumatoid arthritis: a US observational cohort study. Clin Rheumatol. 2017;36(5):1031\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01472-3","volume":"18","author":"E B\u0105k","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u0105k E, M\u0142ynarska A, Marcisz C, Bobi\u0144ski R, Sternal D, M\u0142ynarski R. Factors that affect the assessment of the quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis patients depending on the prevalence of frailty syndrome. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(1):216.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"8","key":"3753_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-019-02149-1","volume":"28","author":"TF Crocker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crocker TF, Brown L, Clegg A, Farley K, Franklin M, Simpkins S, Young J. Quality of life is substantially worse for community-dwelling older people living with frailty: systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res. 2019;28(8):2041\u201356.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3753_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","volume":"61","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"3753_CR24","first-page":"28","volume":"37","author":"W Xia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xia W, Ziyun Z, Xuejiao L, Lijuan Z, Li Z, Huihui M, Cuiping Y, Rong Z, Li W, Qiong H. Construction of a risk prediction model for impaired physical function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Nurs Sci. 2022;37(20):28\u201333.","journal-title":"J Nurs Sci"},{"issue":"19","key":"3753_CR25","first-page":"3550","volume":"35","author":"Z Ziyun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ziyun Z, Hui W, Xia W, Xuejiao L, Lijuan Z, Rong Z, Qiong H, Caiyun C, Nie H, Cuiping Y, et al. Status quo and risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Hubei Province. Chin Nurs Res. 2021;35(19):3550\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin Nurs Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3753_CR26","first-page":"126","volume":"100","author":"CJ Caspersen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985;100(2):126\u201331.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"3753_CR27","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. [https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240015128#:~:text=The%20WHO%20Guidelines%20on%20physical%20activity%20and%20sedentary,offer%20significant%20health%20benefits%20and%20mitigate%20health%20risks.]."},{"issue":"2","key":"3753_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2007.11.005","volume":"9","author":"G van Abellan","year":"2008","unstructured":"van Abellan G, Rolland YM, Morley JE, Vellas B. Frailty: toward a clinical definition. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9(2):71\u20132.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"20","key":"3753_CR29","first-page":"1526","volume":"34","author":"W Yin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yin W, Yanpei C, Xiaoli Y, Yan X. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Fatigue, Resistance, Ambulation, Illness, and loss for elder inpatients. Chin J Practical Nurs. 2018;34(20):1526\u201330.","journal-title":"Chin J Practical Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.06.011","volume":"19","author":"L Dong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dong L, Qiao X, Tian X, Liu N, Jin Y, Si H, Wang C. Cross-Cultural adaptation and validation of the FRAIL scale in Chinese Community-Dwelling older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2018;19(1):12\u20137.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"3753_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.01.009","volume":"18","author":"I Aprahamian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aprahamian I, Cezar NOC, Izbicki R, Lin SM, Paulo DLV, Fattori A, Biella MM, Jacob Filho W, Yassuda MS. Screening for frailty with the FRAIL scale: A comparison with the phenotype criteria. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(7):592\u20136.","journal-title":"J Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"3753_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aprahamian I, Lin SM, Suemoto CK, Apolinario D, Oiring de Castro Cezar N, Elmadjian SM, Filho WJ, Yassuda MS. Feasibility and factor structure of the FRAIL scale in older adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017;18(4):367.e311-367.e318.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2016.12.067"},{"key":"3753_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2017.09.008","volume":"74","author":"ALF Saenger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saenger ALF, Caldas CP, Ra\u00eeche M, da Motta LB. Identifying the loss of functional independence of older people residing in the community: validation of the PRISMA-7 instrument in Brazil. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;74:62\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04825-5","volume":"24","author":"MT Yeung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yeung MT, Gan Y, Teo SQ, Lim KQ, Leow HX, Jbabdi M, Raiche M, Yang M. The Chinese translation and cross-cultural adaptation of PRISMA-7 questionnaire: an observational study to Establish the accuracy, reliability and validity. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):204.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"3753_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.10.021","volume":"49","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang S, Hu B, Li Q, Yang Y, Wang W, Yin T, Yu S, Zhou Q, et al. Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the geriatric 8 screening tool in Chinese hospitalized older adults with cancer. Geriatr Nurs. 2023;49:22\u20139.","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"3753_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.4dfb.8dfd","volume":"2","author":"M Tavakol","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of cronbach\u2019s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Med Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380107","volume":"38","author":"ML Prevoo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Prevoo ML, van \u2018t Hof MA, Kuper HH, van Leeuwen MA, van de Putte LB, van Riel PL. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(1):44\u20138.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR38","first-page":"167","volume":"30","author":"B Bruce","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruce B, Fries JF. The Stanford health assessment questionnaire: a review of its history, issues, progress, and Documentation. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(1):167\u201378.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3753_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"166","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(10):1092\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3753_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606\u201313.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3753_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.11.016","volume":"20","author":"N Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo N, Liu G, Li M, Guan H, Jin X, Rand-Hendriksen K. Estimating an EQ-5D-5L value set for China. Value Health. 2017;20(4):662\u20139.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/mr\/roaf065","volume":"36","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Suzuki M, Asai S, Ohashi Y, Sobue Y, Terabe K, Sato R, Hasegawa J, Ohno Y, Sugiura T, Imagama S. The impact of social frailty and physical function on laughter frequency in rheumatoid arthritis patients: data from a multicenter observational study (Tsurumai-frailty and locomotive syndrome of rheumatoid arthritis for globalization). Mod Rheumatol. 2025;36(1):25\u201331.","journal-title":"Mod Rheumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3753_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(19)30039-6","volume":"1","author":"W Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie W, Yang X, Zhang Z. The plight and light of treating rheumatoid arthritis in China. Lancet Rheumatol. 2019;1(2):e81\u20132.","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol"},{"key":"3753_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576134","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.576134","volume":"11","author":"F Motta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Motta F, Sica A, Selmi C. Frailty in rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol. 2020;11:576134.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"3753_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658008","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1658008","volume":"13","author":"Y Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi Y, Xu M, Yin W, Li Z, Dong P, Zhang X, Li H, Zhuge X, Li X, Gao M, et al. The relationship between chronic pain and health-related quality of life: the mediating roles of frailty and depression in chronic disease patients. Front Public Health. 2025;13:1658008.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-025-01057-x","volume":"17","author":"I Barakou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barakou I, Seves BL, Abonie US, Finch T, Hackett KL, Hettinga FJ. Health-related quality of life associated with fatigue, physical activity and activity pacing in adults with chronic conditions. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2025;17(1):13.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"3753_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-025-01648-y","volume":"27","author":"M Stowell","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stowell M, Ramalho R, Manuela S, Newcombe D, McCool J. Cross-cultural adaptations of mental health screening tools: A scoping review. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2025;27(12):743\u201357.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3753_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1080\/26895293.2022.2120091","volume":"15","author":"S Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma S, Yang J, Cheng H, Wang W, Chen G, Bai H, Yao L, Liu Z. The central symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization: a network analysis. All Life. 2022;15(1):933\u201341.","journal-title":"All Life"},{"issue":"9","key":"3753_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205079","volume":"74","author":"MM Ward","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ward MM, Guthrie LC, Alba MI. Clinically important changes in individual and composite measures of rheumatoid arthritis activity: thresholds applicable in clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(9):1691\u20136.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3753_CR50","first-page":"557","volume":"20","author":"GA Wells","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wells GA, Tugwell P, Kraag GR, Baker PR, Groh J, Redelmeier DA. Minimum important difference between patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the patient\u2019s perspective. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(3):557\u201360.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"3753_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s41927-019-0095-2","volume":"3","author":"F Behrens","year":"2019","unstructured":"Behrens F, Koehm M, Schwaneck EC, Schmalzing M, Gnann H, Greger G, Tony HP, Burkhardt H. Use of a critical difference statistical criterion improves the predictive utility of the health assessment Questionnaire-Disability index score in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Rheumatol. 2019;3:51.","journal-title":"BMC Rheumatol"},{"key":"3753_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.04.002","volume":"137","author":"C Bauer-Staeb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bauer-Staeb C, Kounali D-Z, Welton NJ, Griffith E, Wiles NJ, Lewis G, Faraway JJ, Button KS. Effective dose 50 method as the minimal clinically important difference: evidence from depression trials. J Clin Epidemiol. 2021;137:200\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3753_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2024.111487","volume":"174","author":"LJ Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng LJ, Chen LA, Cheng JY, Herdman M, Luo N. Systematic review reveals that EQ-5D minimally important differences vary with treatment type and May decrease with increasing baseline score. J Clin Epidemiol. 2024;174:111487.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3753_CR54","first-page":"505","volume":"20","author":"G Leardini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leardini G, Salaffi F, Montanelli R, Gerzeli S, Canesi B. A multicenter cost-of-illness study on rheumatoid arthritis in Italy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2002;20(4):505\u201315.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10206","key":"3753_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31785-4","volume":"394","author":"E Dent","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dent E, Martin FC, Bergman H, Woo J, Romero-Ortuno R, Walston JD. Management of frailty: opportunities, challenges, and future directions. Lancet. 2019;394(10206):1376\u201386.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"3753_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa119","volume":"49","author":"D Attwood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Attwood D, Boorer J, Ellis W, Earley M, Denovan J, Calkoen A, Hart G, Williams M, Burdett N, Lemon M, et al. The pathfields tool: a frailty case-finding tool using primary care IT-implications for population health management. Age Ageing. 2020;49(6):1087\u201392.","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"5","key":"3753_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.17027","volume":"69","author":"KE Callahan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Callahan KE, Clark CJ, Edwards AF, Harwood TN, Williamson JD, Moses AW, Willard JJ, Cristiano JA, Meadows K, Hurie J, et al. Automated frailty screening At-Scale for Pre-Operative risk stratification using the electronic frailty index. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2021;69(5):1357\u201362.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"3753_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7561","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103118","volume":"12","author":"A Zucchelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zucchelli A, Marengoni A, Rizzuto D, Calder\u00f3n-Larra\u00f1aga A, Zucchelli M, Bernabei R, Onder G, Fratiglioni L, Vetrano DL. Using a genetic algorithm to derive a highly predictive and context-specific frailty index. Aging. 2020;12(8):7561\u201375.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"3753_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2025.152896","volume":"76","author":"B Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma B, Kan Y, Lv J, Sun J, Kang J, Dong X, Ma J, Chen S, Yang J, Zhao Y, et al. Exploring factors contributing to frailty in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: validation of a tailored assessment tool. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2025;76:152896.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13075-026-03753-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-026-03753-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13075-026-03753-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T12:50:28Z","timestamp":1771419028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s13075-026-03753-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3753"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-026-03753-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-6362"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-6362","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Tianjin Medical University Ethics Committee (TMUhMEC2022025) and adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants provided informed consent prior to their involvement in the survey. The confidentiality of participants\u2019 personal information was strictly maintained throughout the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"50"}}