{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T12:36:42Z","timestamp":1791549402948,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Mattioli1885","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ultrasound J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-019-0117-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,4]],"date-time":"2019-04-04T17:02:58Z","timestamp":1554397378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A narrative review of diaphragm ultrasound to predict weaning from mechanical ventilation: where are we and where are we heading?"],"prefix":"10.5826","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7974-3031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Turton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sondus","family":"ALAidarous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg","family":"Welters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"27750","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201703-0536OC","volume":"197","author":"EC Goligher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goligher EC, Dres M, Fan E, Rubenfeld GD, Scales DC, Herridge MS et al (2018) Mechanical ventilation\u2013induced diaphragm atrophy strongly impacts clinical outcomes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 197:204\u2013213","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1638","volume":"142","author":"HB Grosu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grosu HB, Lee YI, Lee J, Eden E, Eikermann M, Rose KM (2012) Diaphragm muscle thinning in patients who are mechanically ventilated. Chest 142:1455\u20131460","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"117_CR3","first-page":"29","volume":"43","author":"M Zambon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zambon M, Beccaria P, Matsuno J (2016) Mechanical ventilation and diaphragmatic atrophy in critically ill patients: an ultrasound study. Crit Care Med 43:29\u201338","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201503-0620OC","volume":"192","author":"EC Goligher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goligher EC, Fan E, Herridge MS, Murray A, Vorona S, Brade D et al (2015) Evolution of diaphragm thickness during mechanical ventilation. impact of inspiratory effort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 192:1080\u20131088","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001485","volume":"19","author":"CL Glau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Glau CL, Conlon TW, Himebauch AS, Yehya N, Weiss SL, Berg RA et al (2018) Progressive diaphragm atrophy in pediatric acute respiratory failure. Pediatr Crit Care Med 19:406\u2013411","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23525","volume":"47","author":"MS Cartwright","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cartwright MS, Kwayisi G, Griffin LP, Sarwal A, Walker FO, Harris JM et al (2013) Quantitative neuromuscular ultrasound in the intensive care unit. Muscle Nerve 47:255\u2013259","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"117_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130048","volume":"94","author":"CE Baldwin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baldwin CE, Bersten AD (2014) Alterations in respiratory and limb muscle strength and size in patients with sepsis who are mechanically ventilated. Phys Ther 94:68\u201382","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1148\/114.1.135","volume":"114","author":"BD Doust","year":"1975","unstructured":"Doust BD, Baum JK, Maklad NF, Doust VL (1975) Ultrasonic evaluation of pleural opacities. Radiology 114:135\u2013140","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-013-2823-1","volume":"39","author":"D Matamis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matamis D, Soilemezi E, Tsagourias M, Akoumianaki E, Dimassi S, Boroli F et al (2013) Sonographic evaluation of the diaphragm in critically ill patients. Technique and clinical applications. Intensive Care Med 39:801\u2013810","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2010.10.004","volume":"37","author":"A Testa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Testa A, Soldati G, Giannuzzi R, Berardi S, Portale G, Gentilone Silveri N et al (2011) Ultrasound M-mode assessment of diaphragmatic kinetics by\u00a0anterior transverse scanning in healthy subjects. Ultrasound Med Biol 37:44\u201352","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"117_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)80688-9","volume":"46","author":"JG Houston","year":"1992","unstructured":"Houston JG, Morris AD, Howie CA, Reid JL (1992) Technical report: quantitative assessment of diaphragmatic movement-A reproducible method using ultrasound quantitative assessment of diaphragmatic movement a reproducible method using ultrasound. Clin Radiol 46:405\u2013407","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000489229","volume":"96","author":"S Scarlata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Scarlata S, Mancini D, Laudisio A, Benigni A, Antonellia Incalzi R (2018) Reproducibility and clinical correlates of supine diaphragmatic motion measured by M-mode ultrasonography in healthy volunteers. Respiration 96:259\u2013266","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"117_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1541","volume":"135","author":"A Boussuges","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boussuges A, Gole Y, Blanc P (2009) Diaphragmatic motion studied by M-mode ultrasonography: methods, reproducibility, and normal values. Chest 135:391\u2013400","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"117_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.49.5.500","volume":"49","author":"JG Houston","year":"1994","unstructured":"Houston JG, Angus RM, Cowan MD, McMillan NC, Thomson NC, Houston M et al (1994) Ultrasound assessment of normal hemidiaphragmatic movement: relation to inspiratory volume. Thorax 49:500\u2013503","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.03.006","volume":"34","author":"K Haji","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haji K, Royse A, Green C, Botha J, Canty D, Royse C (2016) Interpreting diaphragmatic movement with bedside imaging, review article. J Crit Care 34:56\u201365","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"117_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23702","volume":"47","author":"AJ Boon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boon AJ, Harper CJ, Ghahfarokhi LS, Strommen JA, Watson JC, Sorenson EJ (2013) Two-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the diaphragm: quantitative values in normal subjects. Muscle Nerve 47:884\u2013889","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.11.020","volume":"44","author":"LZ Cardenas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cardenas LZ, Santana PV, Caruso P, Ribeiro de Carvalho CR, Pereira de Albuquerque AL (2018) Diaphragmatic ultrasound correlates with inspiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in healthy subjects. Ultrasound Med Biol 44:786\u2013793","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.04.010","volume":"47","author":"S Holtzhausen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holtzhausen S, Unger M, Lupton-Smith A, Hanekom S (2018) An investigation into the use of ultrasound as a surrogate measure of diaphragm function. Heart Lung 47:418\u2013424","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2016.06.001","volume":"9","author":"NJ Hellyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hellyer NJ, Andreas NM, Bernstetter AS, Cieslak KR, Donahue GF, Steiner EA et al (2017) Comparison of diaphragm thickness measurements among postures via ultrasound imaging. PM&R 9:21\u201325","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700783","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00783-2017","volume":"50","author":"E Vivier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vivier E, Roche-Campo F, Brochard L, Mekontso Dessap A (2017) Determinants of diaphragm thickening fraction during mechanical ventilation: an ancillary study of a randomised trial. Eur Respir J 50:1700783","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"117_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2547-7","volume":"38","author":"E Vivier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vivier E, Dessap AM, Dimassi S, Vargas F, Lyazidid A, Thille AW et al (2012) Diaphragm ultrasonography to estimate the work of breathing during non-invasive ventilation. Intensive Care Med 38:796\u2013803","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR22","unstructured":"Gursel G, Inci K, Alasgarova Z (2018) Can diaphragm dysfunction be reliably evaluated with pocket-sized ultrasound devices in intensive care Unit? Crit Care Res Pract. Article ID: 5192647"},{"key":"117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0401-y","volume":"8","author":"M Dres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dres M, Goligher EC, Dub\u00e9 B-P, Morawiec E, Dangers L, Reuter D et al (2018) Diaphragm function and weaning from mechanical ventilation: an ultrasound and phrenic nerve stimulation clinical study. Ann Intensive Care 8:53","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)82987-3","volume":"50","author":"JG Houston","year":"1995","unstructured":"Houston JG, Fleet M, Cowan MD, McMillan NC (1995) Comparison of ultrasound with fluoroscopy in the assessment of suspected hemidiaphragmatic movement abnormality. Clin Radiol 50:95\u201398","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4524-z","volume":"43","author":"M Zambon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zambon M, Greco M, Bocchino S, Cabrini L, Beccaria PF, Zangrillo A (2017) Assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction in the critically ill patient with ultrasound: a systematic review. Intensive Care Med 43:29\u201338","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.08.028","volume":"152","author":"AM Llamas-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Llamas-\u00c1lvarez AM, Tenza-Lozano EM, Latour-P\u00e9rez J (2017) Diaphragm and lung ultrasound to predict weaning outcome. Chest 152:1140\u20131150","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10968","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010968","volume":"97","author":"C Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li C, Li X, Han H, Cui H, Wang G, Wang Z (2018) Diaphragmatic ultrasonography for predicting ventilator weaning: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 97:e10968","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"117_CR28","first-page":"21189","volume":"8","author":"Z Qian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qian Z, Yang M, Li L, Chen Y (2018) Ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction as a predictor of weaning outcome from mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 8:21189","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"117_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3687-3","volume":"41","author":"EC Goligher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goligher EC, Laghi F, Detsky ME, Farias P, Murray A, Brace D et al (2015) Measuring diaphragm thickness with ultrasound in mechanically ventilated patients: feasibility, reproducibility and validity. Intensive Care Med 41:642\u2013649","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182266408","volume":"39","author":"Y Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim Y, Hee HJ, Suh J, Hong RSB, Koh Y, Lim CM (2011) Diaphragm dysfunction assessed by ultrasonography: influence on weaning from mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med 39:2627\u20132630","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)32912-3","volume":"126","author":"JR Jiang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jiang JR, Tsai TH, Jerng JS, Yu CJ, Wu HD, Yang PC (2004) Ultrasonographic evaluation of liver\/spleen movements and extubation outcome. Chest 126:179\u2013185","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"117_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204111","volume":"69","author":"E Dinino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dinino E, Gartman EJ, Sethi JM, Mccool D (2014) Diaphragm ultrasound as a predictor of successful extubation from mechanical ventilation. Thorax 69:423\u2013427","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"117_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/2036-7902-6-8","volume":"6","author":"G Ferrari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferrari G, De Filippi G, Fabrizio E, Panero F, Volpicelli G, Apra F (2014) Diaphragm ultrasound as a new index of discontinuation from mechanical ventilation. Crit Ultrasound J 6:8","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"key":"117_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e015043","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015043","volume":"7","author":"P Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou P, Zhang Z, Hong Y, Cai H, Zhao H, Xu P et al (2017) The predictive value of serial changes in diaphragm function during the spontaneous breathing trial for weaning outcome: a study protocol. BMJ Open 7:e015043","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"117_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-017-0258-4","volume":"5","author":"S Samanta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Samanta S, Singh RK, Baronia AK, Poddar B, Azim A, Gurjar M (2017) Diaphragm thickening fraction to predict weaning\u2014a prospective exploratory study. J Intensive Care 5:62","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"117_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-016-9911-2","volume":"194","author":"S Blumhof","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blumhof S, Wheeler D, Thomas K, Mccool F, Mora J (2016) Change in diaphragmatic thickness during the respiratory cycle predicts extubation success at various levels of pressure support ventilation. Lung 194:519\u2013525","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"117_CR37","first-page":"743","volume":"27","author":"A Hayat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hayat A, Khan A, Khalil A, Asghar A (2017) Diaphragmatic excursion: does it predict successful weaning from mechanical ventilation? J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 27:743\u2013746","journal-title":"J Coll Physicians Surg Pak"},{"key":"117_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.10.028","volume":"30","author":"K Haji","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haji K, Royse A, Tharmaraj D, Haji D, Botha A, Royse C (2015) Diaphragmatic regional displacement assessed by ultrasound and correlated to subphrenic organ movement in the critically ill patients\u2014an observational study. J Crit Care 30:439.e7\u2013439.e13","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"117_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2016.152","volume":"33","author":"J-W Yoo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yoo J-W, Lee SJ, Lee JD, Kim HC (2018) Comparison of clinical utility between diaphragm excursion and thickening change using ultrasonography to predict extubation success. Korean J Intern Med 33:331\u2013339","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"key":"117_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v6.i4.185","volume":"6","author":"A Dhungana","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dhungana A, Khilnani G, Hadda V, Guleria R (2017) Reproducibility of diaphragm thickness measurements by ultrasonography in patients on mechanical ventilation. World J Crit Care Med 6:185\u2013189","journal-title":"World J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0367OC","volume":"195","author":"M Dres","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dres M, Dub\u00e9 B-P, Mayaux J, Delemazure J, Reuted D, Brochard L et al (2017) Coexistence and impact of limb muscle and diaphragm weakness at time of liberation from mechanical ventilation in medical intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 195:57\u201366","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31816f49ac","volume":"36","author":"JY Chien","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chien JY, Lin MS, Huang YCT, Chien YF, Yu CJ, Yang PC (2008) Changes in B-type natriuretic peptide improve weaning outcome predicted by spontaneous breathing trial. Crit Care Med 36:1421\u20131426","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-017-0501-8","volume":"17","author":"L Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo L, Li Y, Chen X, Sun B, Li W, Gu W et al (2017) Different effects of cardiac and diaphragm function assessed by ultrasound on extubation outcomes in difficult-to-wean patients: a cohort study. BMC Pulm Med 17:161","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"117_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001773","volume":"127","author":"S Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva S, Ait Aissa D, Cocquet P, Hoarau L, Ruiz J, Ferre F et al (2017) Combined thoracic ultrasound assessment during a successful weaning trial predicts postextubation distress. Anesthesiology 127:666\u2013674","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"117_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-018-0096-1","volume":"10","author":"K Haji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haji K, Haji D, Canty DJ, Royse AG, Green C, Royse CF (2018) The impact of heart, lung and diaphragmatic ultrasound on prediction of failed extubation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: a prospective observational pilot study. Crit Ultrasound J 10:13","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"key":"117_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199105233242101","volume":"324","author":"KL Yang","year":"1991","unstructured":"Yang KL, Tobin MJ, Presberg KW (1991) A prospective study of indexes predicting the outcome of trials of weaning from mechanical ventilation. N Eng J Med 324:1445\u20131450","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"117_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4103\/1817-1737.176876","volume":"11","author":"M Karthika","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karthika M, Al Enezi FA, Pillai LV, Arabi YM (2016) Rapid shallow breathing index. Ann Thorac Med 11:167\u2013176","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med"},{"key":"117_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633705","volume":"152","author":"SK Epstein","year":"1995","unstructured":"Epstein SK (1995) Etiology of extubation failure and the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152:545\u2013549","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.4103\/ijccm.IJCCM_331_17","volume":"22","author":"A Banerjee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Banerjee A, Mehrotra G (2018) Comparison of lung ultrasound-based weaning indices with rapid shallow breathing index: are they helpful? Indian J Crit Care Med 22:435\u2013440","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"117_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-018-0277-9","volume":"6","author":"P Pirompanich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pirompanich P, Romsaiyut S (2018) Use of diaphragm thickening fraction combined with rapid shallow breathing index for predicting success of weaning from mechanical ventilator in medical patients. J intensive care 6:6","journal-title":"J intensive care"},{"key":"117_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2017.08.16","volume":"9","author":"D Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang D, Ma H, Zhong W, Wang X, Wu Y, Qin T et al (2017) Using M-mode ultrasonography to assess diaphragm dysfunction and predict the success of mechanical ventilation weaning in elderly patients. J Thorac Dis 9:3177\u20133186","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"117_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-018-0106-x","volume":"196","author":"A Palkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palkar A, Mayo P, Singh K, Koenig S, Narasimhan M, Singh A et al (2018) Serial diaphragm ultrasonography to predict successful discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. Lung 196:363\u2013368","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"117_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.01.007","volume":"153","author":"A Palkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palkar A, Narasimhan M, Greenberg H, Singh K, Koenig S, Mayo P et al (2018) Diaphragm excursion-time index: a new parameter using ultrasonography to predict extubation outcome. Chest 153:1213\u20131220","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"117_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.01.37","volume":"5","author":"M Haaksma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haaksma M, Roel Tuinman P, Heunks L (2017) Ultrasound to assess diaphragmatic function in the critically ill-a critical perspective. Ann Transl Med 5:114","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"117_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1366090","volume":"35","author":"N Hatam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hatam N, Goetzenich A, Rossaint R et al (2014) A novel application for assessing diaphragmatic function by ultrasonic deformation analysis in noninvasively ventilated healthy young adults. Ultraschall der Medizin Eur J Ultrasound 35:540\u2013546","journal-title":"Ultraschall der Medizin Eur J Ultrasound"},{"key":"117_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-016-0201-6","volume":"16","author":"SR Orde","year":"2015","unstructured":"Orde SR, Boon AJ, Firth DG, Vilarrage HR, Sekiguchi H (2015) Diaphragm assessment by two dimensional speckle tracking imaging in normal subjects. BMC Anesthesiol 16:43","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"117_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-018-0092-5","volume":"10","author":"SH Skaarup","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skaarup SH, L\u00f8kke A, Laursen CB (2018) The Area method: a new method for ultrasound assessment of diaphragmatic movement. Crit Ultrasound J 10:15","journal-title":"Crit Ultrasound J"},{"key":"117_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_231_17","volume":"12","author":"A Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma A, Karna ST, Tandon M, Pandey CK, Chaturvedi R, Vyas V et al (2018) Use of ultrasound-guided preoperative diaphragmatic thickness as a predictor of postoperative weaning failure in recipients and donors scheduled for living donor liver transplant surgery. Saudi J Anaesth 12:406\u2013411","journal-title":"Saudi J Anaesth"},{"key":"117_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2033-x","volume":"22","author":"A Marchioni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marchioni A, Castaniere I, Tonelli R, Fantini R, Fontana M, Tabbi L et al (2018) Ultrasound-assessed diaphragmatic impairment is a predictor of outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care 22:109","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"117_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12916","volume":"22","author":"F Antenora","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antenora F, Fantini R, Iattoni A, Castaniere I, Sdanganelli A, Livrieri F et al (2017) Prevalence and outcomes of diaphragmatic dysfunction assessed by ultrasound technology during acute exacerbation of COPD: a pilot study. Respirology 22:338\u2013344","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"117_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05646","volume":"62","author":"E Ery\u00fcksel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ery\u00fcksel E, Cim\u015fit C, Bekir M, Cimsit C, Karakurt S (2017) diaphragmatic thickness fraction in subjects at high-risk for COPD exacerbations. Respir Care 62:1565\u20131570","journal-title":"Respir Care"}],"container-title":["The Ultrasound Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13089-019-0117-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13089-019-0117-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13089-019-0117-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T16:34:12Z","timestamp":1768408452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/theultrasoundjournal.springeropen.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13089-019-0117-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13089-019-0117-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2524-8987"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2524-8987","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"2"}}