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Brief training has been shown to be effective in accurately teaching the ONSD technique in specialized healthcare providers. This study evaluates the ability of medical and nursing students, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses, and ICU residents to perform ONSD measurements after a brief training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty participants underwent a 4-h training session consisting of 30\u00a0min of lecture focusing on the key principles of the technique for ONSD measurement, followed by at least 20 measurements with an expert tutor. Thereafter, all participants assessed 5 ONSD measurements on healthy volunteers and their assessments were compared to those by the expert tutor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All participants successfully visualized the optic nerve and recorded similar values among groups (p\u2009&gt;\u20090.05 for all comparisons). ICU nurse residents and medical students demonstrated a good accuracyof measurements, as defined by an upper and lower limits of agreement with the expert tutor not exceeding 0.5\u00a0mm in the Bland\u2013Altman analysis. On the opposite, nurse students had the highest error rates and poor accuracy in ONSD assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the feasibility of training medical students, ICU nurses and residents in ONSD measurement, opening the possibility of a wider application of this technique. After dedicated training, ONSD assessment and monitoring could be performed not only by specialists but also by other healthcare providers, including specialized nurses. This may serve as an additional tool for the rapid triage of patients, even in out-of-hospital settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13089-025-00431-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:45:55Z","timestamp":1750052755000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of a theoretical-practical course for the ultrasound measurement of the optic nerve diameter in different healthcare operators"],"prefix":"10.5826","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Eugenio","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Bosco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaninni","family":"Caroleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Vird\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helenia","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Guzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianmaria","family":"Cammarota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Robba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6970-7202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Longhini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bruni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"ONSD study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Mesiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Camastra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Caroleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Commisso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Conidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Froio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gaetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Guerriero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Lentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Mellace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Riillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Ruocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Saraco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Veltri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"27750","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)73195-2","volume":"116","author":"D Liu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liu D, Kahn M (1993) Measurement and relationship of subarachnoid pressure of the optic nerve to intracranial pressures in fresh cadavers. 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The article\nhas been updated to rectify the error.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2025","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13089-025-00435-3","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13089-025-00435-3","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This prospective observational study was conducted after approval by the local ethics committee (approval number 373\/2024 on 3rd January 2025). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. The trial was prospectively registered on clinicaltrials.gov (record number NCT06830460).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants provided their consent to participate to the study and for publication of anonymous data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Dr. Longhini contributed to the development of a new device for non-invasive ventilation not discussed in the present study (European Patent number 3320941). He also received honoraria from Draeger, Intersurgical, Fisher&Paykel, and Medicair. Dr. Longhini and Dr. Cammarota serve as Editors for the Ultrasound Journal. The remaining authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28"}}