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The study\u2019s goal was to evaluate cognitive performance and risk factors for cognitive decline in this population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prospective observational study was conducted with 400 T2DM adults, of whom, during routine baseline and follow-up appointments, had socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data collected, and underwent physical examination, screening for depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire-9-PHQ-9), and cognitive tests: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Semantic Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test A\/B, and Word Memory Tests. Each cognitive test score was converted to a z-score and its average resulted in a new variable called Global Cognitive z-Score [GCS(z)]. Averages of the cognitive test scores and GCS(z) at both moments were compared by the Student\u2019s T-Test for paired samples. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were built to assess the association of GCS(z)\u2009&lt;\u2009zero with risk factors for cognitive decline at the baseline and follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After exclusions, 251 patients were eligible, being 56.6% female, mean age of 61.1 (\u00b1\u20099.8) years, 12.6 (\u00b1\u20098.9) years of DM duration, and 7.6 (\u00b1\u20094.2) years of school education. Follow-up had 134 patients reevaluated and took place after a mean of 18.4(\u00b1\u20095.0) months. Eleven (14%) patients with a GCS(z)\u2009\u2265\u20090 at baseline turned into a GCS(z)\u2009&lt;\u20090 at follow-up. There were no significant differences between the means of cognitive test scores and GCS(z) at the two evaluation moments. At the baseline, the multivariate logistic regression model identified five risk factors associated with GCS(z)\u2009&lt;\u2009zero: age\u2009\u2265\u200965\u00a0years, schooling\u2009\u2264\u20096\u00a0years, arterial hypertension, depression symptoms, and diabetic retinopathy (DR), with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI95%) respectively: 5.46 (2.42\u201312.34); 12.19 (5.62\u201326.46); 2.55 (0.88\u20137.39); 3.53 (1.55\u20138.07) e 2.50 (1.18\u20135.34). At follow-up, the risk factors for GCS(z)\u2009&lt;\u2009zero were: schooling\u2009\u2264\u20096\u00a0years, DM duration\u2009\u2265\u200910\u00a0years, depression symptoms, arterial hypertension, and cardiovascular disease (CVD), OR and CI95% respectively: 10.15 (3.68\u201328.01); 2.68 (0.96\u20137.48); 4.92 (1.77\u201313.70); 7.21 (1.38\u201335.71) e 5.76 (1.93\u201317.18).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Based on our results, cognitive evaluation and follow-up should be incorporated on the routine of T2DM patients, especially for those with advanced age, low education level, prolonged DM duration, arterial hypertension, depression symptoms, CVD, and DR.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-022-00872-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T14:01:28Z","timestamp":1658930488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Risk factors for cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Brazil: a prospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ana Cristina Ravazzani","family":"de Almeida Faria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joceline Franco","family":"Dall\u2019Agnol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline Maciel","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara In\u00e1cio","family":"de Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria Chechetto","family":"Segalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina Pellegrino","family":"Baena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"872_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30403-4","volume":"18","author":"E Nichols","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nichols E, Szoeke CEI, Vollset SE, Abbasi N, Abd-Allah F, Abdela J, et al. 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