{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:20:43Z","timestamp":1792801243444,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NO.2108085MH269"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO.2108085MH269"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities","award":["KJ2021A0274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ2021A0274"]}]},{"name":"Anhui University Cooperation and Public Health Collaborative Innovation Project","award":["GXXT-2020-025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GXXT-2020-025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05th6yx34","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At present, there is no clinical study to elucidate the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO).This study aims to clarify levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)VD] in peripheral blood and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in wound margin tissues (T-VDR) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and DFO, and to determine its correlation with treatment outcomes of DFU and DFO, and and its value as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of DFU and DFO.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>156 T2DM patients with DFU (DFU group), 100 T2DM patients without DFU (T2DM group), and 100 healthy controls (NC group). The DFU group patients were subdivided into DFO (n\u2009=\u200980) and NDFO groups (n\u2009=\u200976). The level of serum 25(OH)VD was measured via chemiluminescence immunoassay, and T-VDR expression level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The levels of serum 25(OH)VD in the DFU group were significantly lower than the T2DM group [(10.3 (5.8, 18.7) vs 15.7 (8.6, 24.6) ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002)]. Similarly, the levels of serum 25(OH)VD and T-VDR expression in the DFO group were statistically lower than the NDFO group [9.2 (5.2, 20.5) vs 12.8 (6.9, 22.1) ng\/mL,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006)], [1.96 (0.61, 3.97) vs 3.11 (1.36, 5.11),\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004)], respectively. Furthermore, the levels of serum 25(OH)VD and T-VDR expression in DFU patients were positively correlated with the ulcer healing rate of foot ulcer after 8\u00a0weeks of treatment (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.031,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low level of serum 25(OH)VD was an independent risk factor for DFU and DFO (OR\n                      <jats:sub>DFU<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20092.42, OR\n                      <jats:sub>DFO<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20093.05,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008, 0.001, respectively), and decreased T-VDR expression level was an independent risk factor for DFO (OR\u2009=\u20092.83,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004). Meanwhile, the ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC of serum 25(OH)VD level for the diagnosis of DFU and DFO was 0.821 (95% CI, 0.754\u20130.886,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and 0.786 (95%CI, 0.643\u20130.867,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. When establishing a diagnosis of DFO, the AUC of T-VDR expression level was 0.703 (95%CI: 0.618\u20130.853,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The levels of serum 25(OH)VD and T-VDR expression in DFU and DFO decreased. Serum 25(OH)VD and T-VDR are potentially valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of DFU and DFO.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01002-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]],"date-time":"2023-02-24T02:02:53Z","timestamp":1677204173000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and vitamin D receptor in diabetic foot ulcer and factor associated with diabetic foot ulcers"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Datong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1002_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i1.37","volume":"6","author":"L Yazdanpanah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yazdanpanah L, Nasiri M, Adarvishi S. 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