{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T13:05:05Z","timestamp":1792069505736,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004346","name":"Stiftung Rheinland-Pfalz f\u00fcr Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ 961-386261\/733"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ 961-386261\/733"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004346","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010960","name":"Ministeriums f\u00fcr Wissenschaft, Weiterbildung und Kultur, Rheinland-Pfalz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AZ.623-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AZ.623-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010960","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF 01EO1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BMBF 01EO1503"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 01EO1503"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Depression is associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, depression may take different courses, and it is not fully understood how these affect the development of diabetes. It is further to be determined whether sex modifies the association between depression and type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We analyzed data from the Gutenberg Health Study, a longitudinal and population-based cohort study (N\u2009=\u200915,010) in Germany. Depressive symptoms (measured by PHQ-9), history of depression, diabetes mellitus, and relevant covariates were assessed at baseline, and the outcomes of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus were evaluated 5\u00a0years later. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of incident prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus, adjusting for potential confounders as identified in a Directed Acyclic Graph.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the confounder adjusted model, current depression (PHQ-9\u2009\u2265\u200910 at baseline; OR\u2009=\u20091.79, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.11 to 2.74, p\u2009=\u20090.011), and persistent depression had a statistically significant (OR\u2009=\u20092.44, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.62 to 3.54, p\u2009=\u20090.005) effect on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. A history of depression without current depression had no statistically significant effect on type 2 diabetes (OR\u2009=\u20091.00, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.68 to 1.43, p\u2009=\u20090.999). The effect of depression on incident diabetes did not differ significantly between women (OR\u2009=\u20092.02; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.32 to 3.09) and men (OR\u2009=\u20092.16; 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.41 to 3.31; p-value for interaction on the multiplicative scale p\u2009=\u20090.832 and on the additive scale p\u2009=\u20090.149). Depression did not have a significant effect on incident prediabetes.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study shows how the history and trajectory of depression shape the risk for diabetes. This raises interesting questions on the cumulative effects of depression trajectories on diabetes and body metabolism in general. Depression can negatively affect physical health, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality in people with mental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01273-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T07:09:34Z","timestamp":1706771374000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Current and past depression as risk factors for incident type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes in men and women: evidence from a longitudinal community cohort"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Felix S.","family":"Wicke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dani\u00eblle","family":"Otten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Wild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl J.","family":"Lackner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00fcnzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochem","family":"K\u00f6nig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mareike","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Wiltink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Reiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"Ghaemi Kerahrodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Pfeiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manfred E.","family":"Beutel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","volume":"392","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malhi GS, Mann JJ. Depression. Lancet. 2018;392:2299\u2013312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0315-2","volume":"32","author":"P Brennan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brennan P, Perola M, van Ommen G-J, Riboli E. Chronic disease research in Europe and the need for integrated population cohorts. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:741\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0315-2.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1273_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2134","volume":"37","author":"RIG Holt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holt RIG, de Groot M, Lucki I, Hunter CM, Sartorius N, Golden SH. NIDDK international conference report on diabetes and depression: current understanding and future directions. Diabetes Care. 2014;37:2067\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-2134.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1273_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0985","volume":"31","author":"B Mezuk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mezuk B, Eaton WW, Albrecht S, Golden SH. Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:2383\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc08-0985.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1273_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.356","volume":"170","author":"A Pan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pan A, Lucas M, Sun Q, van Dam RM, Franco OH, Manson JE, et al. Bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:1884\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.356.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1273_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.01.024","volume":"87","author":"LE Egede","year":"2010","unstructured":"Egede LE, Ellis C. Diabetes and depression: global perspectives. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2010;87:302\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2010.01.024.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1273_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.08.001","volume":"31","author":"BN Renn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renn BN, Feliciano L, Segal DL. The bidirectional relationship of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2011;31:1239\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.08.001.","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1273_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S237767","volume":"14","author":"E B\u0105k","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u0105k E, Marcisz-Dyla E, M\u0142ynarska A, Sternal D, Kad\u0142ubowska M, Marcisz C. Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2020;14:443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S237767.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1273_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(12)70004-6","volume":"142","author":"T Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy T, Lloyd CE. Epidemiology of depression and diabetes: a systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2012;142(Suppl):S8\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-0327(12)70004-6.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"1273_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0159-x","volume":"49","author":"MJ Knol","year":"2006","unstructured":"Knol MJ, Twisk JWR, Beekman ATF, Heine RJ, Snoek FJ, Pouwer F. Depression as a risk factor for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2006;49:837\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-006-0159-x.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000019","volume":"129","author":"JH Lichtman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lichtman JH, Froelicher ES, Blumenthal JA, Carney RM, Doering LV, Frasure-Smith N, et al. Depression as a risk factor for poor prognosis among patients with acute coronary syndrome: systematic review and recommendations: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;129:1350\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000019.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1273_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.06.025","volume":"183","author":"GZ R\u00e9us","year":"2017","unstructured":"R\u00e9us GZ, dos Santos MAB, Strassi AP, Abelaira HM, Ceretta LB, Quevedo J. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the relationship between diabetes and major depressive disorder. Life Sci. 2017;183:78\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.06.025.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00134-5","volume":"3","author":"CD Moulton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moulton CD, Pickup JC, Ismail K. The link between depression and diabetes: the search for shared mechanisms. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015;3:461\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00134-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"1273_CR14","volume-title":"Diabetes in America","author":"S Ley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ley S, Schulze M, Hivert M-F, Meigs J, Hu F, et al. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes. In: Cowie CC, Casagrande SS, Menke A, Cissell MA, Eberhardt MS, Meigs JB, et al., editors. Diabetes in America. 3rd ed. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; 2018.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/ntw140","volume":"19","author":"M Fluharty","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fluharty M, Taylor AE, Grabski M, Munaf\u00f2 MR. The association of cigarette smoking with depression and anxiety: a systematic review. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19:3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ntr\/ntw140.","journal-title":"Nicotine Tob Res"},{"key":"1273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.008","volume":"70","author":"M Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kivim\u00e4ki M, Batty GD, Jokela M, Ebmeier KP, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, et al. Antidepressant medication use and risk of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus: a noncausal association? Biol Psychiatry. 2011;70:978\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.07.008.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1273_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1187","volume":"33","author":"M Kivim\u00e4ki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kivim\u00e4ki M, Hamer M, Batty GD, Geddes JR, Tabak AG, Pentti J, et al. Antidepressant medication use, weight gain, and risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2611\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-1187.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1273_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-090419-102644","volume":"42","author":"JB Echouffo-Tcheugui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Selvin E. Prediabetes and what it means: the epidemiological evidence. Annu Rev Public Health. 2021;42:59\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-090419-102644.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"1273_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.05.004","volume":"78","author":"HC Gerstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Santaguida P, Raina P, Morrison KM, Balion C, Hunt D, et al. Annual incidence and relative risk of diabetes in people with various categories of dysglycemia: a systematic overview and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2007;78:305\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.05.004.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"1273_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4634","volume":"32","author":"E Graham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham E, Au B, Schmitz N. Depressive symptoms, prediabetes, and incident diabetes in older English adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2017;32:1450\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gps.4634.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"1273_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980010001813","volume":"14","author":"A Abdullah","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abdullah A, Stoelwinder J, Shortreed S, Wolfe R, Stevenson C, Walls H, et al. The duration of obesity and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14:119\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980010001813.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"1273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009800","volume":"149","author":"Y Sakurai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sakurai Y, Teruya K, Shimada N, Umeda T, Tanaka H, Muto T, et al. Association between duration of obesity and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Sotetsu study. Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149:256\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009800.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1273_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.8.1266","volume":"22","author":"SG Wannamethee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG. Weight change and duration of overweight and obesity in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1266\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.22.8.1266.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1273_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.1.427","volume":"84","author":"A Schienkiewitz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schienkiewitz A, Schulze MB, Hoffmann K, Kroke A, Boeing H. Body mass index history and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)-potsdam study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:427\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/84.1.427.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1273_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000169","volume":"77","author":"RT Demmer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Demmer RT, Gelb S, Suglia SF, Keyes KM, Aiello AE, Colombo PC, et al. Sex differences in the association between depression, anxiety, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Psychosom Med. 2015;77:467\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000169.","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"1273_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722000861","volume":"53","author":"D Otten","year":"2022","unstructured":"Otten D, Ernst M, Werner AM, Tibubos AN, Reiner I, Br\u00e4hler E, et al. Depressive symptoms predict the incidence of common chronic diseases in women and men in a representative community sample. Psychol Med. 2022;53:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291722000861.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1273_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-012-1502-7","volume":"55","author":"PS Wild","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wild PS, Zeller T, Beutel M, Blettner M, Dugi KA, Lackner KJ, et al. Die Gutenberg Gesundheitsstudie [The Gutenberg health study]. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2012;55:824\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-012-1502-7.","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl"},{"key":"1273_CR28","unstructured":"STROBE Collaborative. STROBE checklist for cohort studies. https:\/\/www.strobe-statement.org\/download\/strobe-checklist-cohort-studies-pdf. Accessed 12 Jan 2024."},{"key":"1273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006","volume":"32","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, L\u00f6we B. The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32:345\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1273_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006","volume":"35","author":"R-D Kocalevent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kocalevent R-D, Hinz A, Br\u00e4hler E. Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2013;35:551\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"1273_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03234-x","volume":"21","author":"AN Tibubos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tibubos AN, Otten D, Z\u00f6ller D, Binder H, Wild PS, Fleischer T, et al. Bidimensional structure and measurement equivalence of the patient health questionnaire-9: sex-sensitive assessment of depressive symptoms in three representative German cohort studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2021;21:238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-021-03234-x.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"1273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-S005","volume":"38","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2015","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. (2) Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Suppl):S8\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc15-S005.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1273_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-531-91643-9_18","volume-title":"Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit: Grundlagen, Probleme, Perspektiven","author":"T Lampert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lampert T, Kroll LE. Die Messung des sozio\u00f6konomischen status in sozialepidemiologischen Studien. In: Hurrelmann K, Richter M, editors. Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit: Grundlagen, Probleme, Perspektiven. 2nd ed. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag f\u00fcr Sozialwissenschaften\/GWV Fachverlage GmbH Wiesbaden; 2009. p. 309\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-531-91643-9_18.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1273_CR34","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics","author":"JM O'Donnell","year":"2011","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell JM, Shelton RC. Drug therapy of depression and anxiety disorders. In: Brunton LL, Chabner B, Goodman LS, Knollmann BC, editors. Goodman & Gilman\u2019s the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education LLC; 2011. p. 397\u2013415.","edition":"12"},{"key":"1273_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr218","volume":"41","author":"MJ Knol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knol MJ, VanderWeele TJ. Recommendations for presenting analyses of effect modification and interaction. Int J Epidemiol. 2012;41:514\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyr218.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1273_CR36","unstructured":"R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing 2021. Vienna, Austria."},{"key":"1273_CR37","unstructured":"Revelle W. psych: procedures for psychological, psychometric, and personality research 2022. Evanston, Illinois."},{"key":"1273_CR38","unstructured":"Wickham H, Fran\u00e7ois R, Henry L, M\u00fcller K. dplyr: a grammar of data manipulation; 2022."},{"key":"1273_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpa.2021.100147","author":"BY Alli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alli BY. InteractionR: an R package for full reporting of effect modification and interaction. Softw Impacts. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.simpa.2021.100147.","journal-title":"Softw Impacts"},{"key":"1273_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22835","volume":"36","author":"S K\u00f6hler","year":"2019","unstructured":"K\u00f6hler S, Chrysanthou S, Guhn A, Sterzer P. Differences between chronic and nonchronic depression: systematic review and implications for treatment. Depress Anxiety. 2019;36:18\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.22835.","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"1273_CR41","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of health psychology","author":"JT Cacioppo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cacioppo JT, Berntson GG. The brain, hoeostasis, and health. In: Friedman HS, editor. The Oxford handbook of health psychology. New York: Oxford Univ. Press; 2011."},{"key":"1273_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.23.2751","volume":"299","author":"SH Golden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Golden SH, Lazo M, Carnethon M, Bertoni AG, Schreiner PJ, Diez Roux AV, et al. Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. JAMA. 2008;299:2751\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.299.23.2751.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1273_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02585.x","volume":"25","author":"A Icks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Icks A, Kruse J, Dragano N, Broecker-Preuss M, Slomiany U, Mann K, et al. Are symptoms of depression more common in diabetes? Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study. Diabet Med. 2008;25:1330\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02585.x.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1273_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0869-x","volume":"53","author":"S Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen S, Zhang Q, Dai G, Hu J, Zhu C, Su L, Wu X. Association of depression with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and previously diagnosed diabetes: a meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2016;53:35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-016-0869-x.","journal-title":"Endocrine"}],"container-title":["Diabetology &amp; Metabolic Syndrome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01273-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01273-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01273-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T19:02:33Z","timestamp":1715281353000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01273-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01273-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 May 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The funding note  has been added :Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol and documents were approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Chamber of Rhineland-Palatinate (reference no. 837.020.07; original vote: 22.3.2007, latest update: 20.10.2015) and the local data safety commissioner. All study investigations were conducted per the Declaration of Helsinki and principles outlined in recommendations for Good Clinical Practice and Epidemiological Practice. Before enrollment, participants signed written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors gave their full consent to publication of the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}