{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:41:42Z","timestamp":1788327702072,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015763","name":"University of Szeged","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015763","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p> The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, and several new drug groups have been authorized and used successfully in the treatment of diabetes, while older drug groups are still in use. Our aim was to assess the utilization tendencies and regional differences in antidiabetic medication consumption in Hungary between 2015 and 2021 and to identify the possible determinants of regional differences in antidiabetic medication use.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For this retrospective drug utilization study, yearly wholesale database was used, which provides total coverage for ambulatory antidiabetic drug sales in Hungary, including both reimbursed and non-reimbursed medications. Data were expressed as Defined Daily Dose per 1000 inhabitants per day (DDD\/TID), percentage of total use and the ratio of the highest and lowest utilization values among the counties (max\/min ratio). To assess the potential reasons for regional differences in antidiabetic drug use, we analyzed the associations between regional drug utilization data and possible determinants.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The total national antidiabetic medication use has increased by 7.6% and reached 94.8 DDD\/TID in 2021. Regarding antidiabetic subgroups, the use of metformin and novel antidiabetics (DPP4Is, GLP1As and SGLT2Is) and their combinations increased in all counties, while sulfonylurea consumption decreased, and insulin use was stable. In 2021, 19.2\u201324.1% of the total antidiabetic medication consumption was novel antidiabetics, 39.1\u201347.2% metformin, 14.8\u201325.8% sulfonylureas and 23.6\u201330.5% were insulins. Regional differences in antidiabetic medication consumption were considerable mainly in the case of GLP1As (max\/min ratio:3.00), sulfonylureas (2.03) and SGLT2Is (1.92) in 2021. The association between antidiabetic medication use and possible determinants was confirmed in the case of unemployment rate and sulfonylurea use, the number of public medical card holders per ten thousand inhabitants and human insulin and sulfonylurea use. GLP1As were the only antidiabetic drug group that did not correlate with any of the investigated factors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although novel antidiabetic drug use was growing dynamically in Hungary, sulfonylurea use is still considerable. Differences in antidiabetic drug consumption were substantial between the regions.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01334-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T14:02:26Z","timestamp":1713967346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Trends and regional differences in antidiabetic medication use: a nationwide retrospective observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1rta","family":"Csatordai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ria","family":"Benk\u0151","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Matuz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zs\u00f3fia","family":"Engi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dezs\u0151","family":"Csupor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Lengyel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e9ter","family":"Dor\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1334_CR1","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 10th edition. Brussels, Belgium. 2021. https:\/\/www.diabetesatlas.org. Last accessed 08 January 2024."},{"key":"1334_CR2","unstructured":"Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Dissemination database Statistics by subject. Main diseases of adults. http:\/\/statinfo.ksh.hu\/Statinfo\/. Last accessed 08 January 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"1334_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2022.104158","volume":"52","author":"AJ Scheen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Scheen AJ. Clinical pharmacology of antidiabetic drugs: what can be expected of their use? Presse Med. 2022;52(1):104158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lpm.2022.104158.","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1334_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-S009","volume":"46","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2023","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Pharmacologic approaches to Glycemic Treatment: standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2023. Diabetes Care. 2023;46(Suppl 1):S140\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc23-S009.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1334_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jermendy G, editor. Clinical Practice Guideline\u2013 Diagnosis of diabetes, and antihyperglycaemic treatment and care of patients with diabetes in adulthood. Diabetologia Hungarica 2020; 28(3): 119\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24121\/dh.2020.14 [In Hungarian].","DOI":"10.24121\/dh.2020.14"},{"key":"1334_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jermendy G, editor. Clinical Practice Guideline\u2013 Diagnosis of diabetes, and antihyperglycaemic treatment and care of patients with diabetes in adulthood. Diabetologia Hungarica 2023; 31(5): 331\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24121\/dh.2023.20 [In Hungarian].","DOI":"10.24121\/dh.2023.20"},{"issue":"11","key":"1334_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.2337\/dci22-0034","volume":"45","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2022","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, Gabbay RA, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45(11):2753\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dci22-0034.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1334_CR8","unstructured":"The Medicines Utilisation Monitoring Centre. National Report on Medicines use in Italy. Year 2022. Rome: Italian Medicines Agency. 2023. ISBN: 979-12-80335-30-2 https:\/\/www.aifa.gov.it\/documents\/20142\/1967301\/Rapporto-OsMed-2022.pdf Last accessed 20 February 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"1334_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-021-00686-w","volume":"21","author":"AM Moura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moura AM, Martins SO, Raposo JF. Consumption of antidiabetic medicines in Portugal: results of a temporal data analysis of a thirteen-year study (2005\u20132017). BMC Endocr Disord. 2021;21(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12902-021-00686-w.","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"key":"1334_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Russo V, Orlando V, Monetti VM, Galimberti F. at al,; Geographical Variation in Medication Prescriptions: A Multiregional Drug-Utilization Study. 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Report on the World Diabetes Day. 2020. http:\/\/neak.gov.hu\/sajtoszoba\/kozlemenyek_eu_napok\/egeszsegugyi_vilagnapok_cukorbetegseg Last accessed 08 January 2024."},{"key":"1334_CR17","unstructured":"National Health Insurance Fund of Hungary. Precribing with reimbursement. https:\/\/neak.gov.hu\/felso_menu\/szakmai_oldalak\/gyogyszer_segedeszkoz_gyogyfurdo_tamogatas\/Szakembereknek\/Tajekoztato Last accessed 08 January 2024."},{"issue":"10","key":"1334_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.5509","volume":"31","author":"IS Krulichov\u00e1","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krulichov\u00e1 IS, Selke GW, Bennie M, Hajiebrahimi M, et al. Comparison of drug prescribing before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-national European study. 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