{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:57:32Z","timestamp":1791478652072,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01497-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T22:01:44Z","timestamp":1729893704000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuge","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenghong","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1497_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","volume":"14","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Ley SH, Hu FB. Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(2):88\u201398.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"10365","key":"1497_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01655-5","volume":"400","author":"E Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad E, Lim S, Lamptey R, Webb DR, Davies MJ. Type 2 diabetes. Lancet. 2022;400(10365):1803\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1497_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-018-0728-6","volume":"17","author":"TR Einarson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Einarson TR, Acs A, Ludwig C, Panton UH. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: a systematic literature review of scientific evidence from across the world in 2007\u20132017. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2018;17(1):83.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1497_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00113-3","volume":"9","author":"MA Nauck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Wefers J, Meier JJ. Treatment of type 2 diabetes: challenges, hopes, and anticipated successes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;9(8):525\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1497_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e722","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001040","volume":"145","author":"JJ Joseph","year":"2022","unstructured":"Joseph JJ, Deedwania P, Acharya T, Aguilar D, Bhatt DL, Chyun DA, et al. Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk factors for adults with type 2 diabetes: a Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022;145(9):e722\u201359.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1497_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101102","volume":"46","author":"MA Nauck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nauck MA, Quast DR, Wefers J, Meier JJ. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes - state-of-the-art. Mol Metab. 2021;46:101102.","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1497_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","volume":"27","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Drucker DJ. Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like Peptide-1. Cell Metab. 2018;27(4):740\u201356.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1497_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvz323","volume":"116","author":"VD Heuvelman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heuvelman VD, Van Raalte DH, Smits MM. Cardiovascular effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: from mechanistic studies in humans to clinical outcomes. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(5):916\u201330.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1497_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(17)30412-6","volume":"6","author":"MA Bethel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bethel MA, Patel RA, Merrill P, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, Mentz RJ, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(2):105\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1497_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01070-z","volume":"19","author":"OM Alfayez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alfayez OM, Almohammed OA, Alkhezi OS, Almutairi AR, Al Yami MS. Indirect comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: network meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):96.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"18","key":"1497_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487320903638","volume":"27","author":"VP Pulipati","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pulipati VP, Ravi V, Pulipati P. Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;27(18):1922\u201330.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"1497_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1497_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:135.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"1497_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7650","key":"1497_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336(7650):924\u20136.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"1497_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2108269","volume":"385","author":"HC Gerstein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Sattar N, Rosenstock J, Ramasundarahettige C, Pratley R, Lopes RD, et al. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with Efpeglenatide in Type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(10):896\u2013907.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"1497_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","volume":"377","author":"RR Holman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holman RR, Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Thompson VP, Lokhnygina Y, Buse JB, et al. Effects of once-weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(13):1228\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1497_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","volume":"381","author":"M Husain","year":"2019","unstructured":"Husain M, Birkenfeld AL, Donsmark M, Dungan K, Eliaschewitz FG, Franco DR, et al. Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(9):841\u201351.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1497_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, Eliaschewitz FG, Jodar E, Leiter LA, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(19):1834\u201344.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1497_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Daniels GH, Frandsen KB, Kristensen P, Mann JFE, Nauck MA, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(4):311\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"23","key":"1497_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","volume":"373","author":"MA Pfeffer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pfeffer MA, Claggett B, Diaz R, Dickstein K, Gerstein HC, K\u00f8ber LV, et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(23):2247\u201357.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1497_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2403347","volume":"391","author":"V Perkovic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Perkovic V, Tuttle KR, Rossing P, Mahaffey KW, Mann JFE, Bakris G, et al. Effects of semaglutide on chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(2):109\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10193","key":"1497_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","volume":"394","author":"HC Gerstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gerstein HC, Colhoun HM, Dagenais GR, Diaz R, Lakshmanan M, Pais P, et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet (London England). 2019;394(10193):121\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"issue":"10157","key":"1497_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","volume":"392","author":"AF Hernandez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hernandez AF, Green JB, Janmohamed S, D\u2019Agostino RB, Granger CB, Jones NP, et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (harmony outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10157):1519\u201329.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"1497_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12998","volume":"19","author":"DR Owens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Owens DR, Monnier L, Hanefeld M. A review of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and their effects on lowering postprandial plasma glucose and cardiovascular outcomes in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017;19(12):1645\u201354.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1497_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1966","volume":"5","author":"MC Honigberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Honigberg MC, Chang LS, McGuire DK, Plutzky J, Aroda VR, Vaduganathan M. Use of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(10):1182\u201390.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1497_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00849-3","volume":"20","author":"JR Ussher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ussher JR, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023;20(7):463\u201374.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1497_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2006.01.004","volume":"3","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2006","unstructured":"Drucker DJ. The biology of incretin hormones. Cell Metab. 2006;3(3):153\u201365.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1497_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.59965","volume":"17","author":"X Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Liu Z, Ilyas I, Little PJ, Kamato D, Sahebka A, et al. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential. Int J Biol Sci. 2021;17(8):2050\u201368.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1497_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2624","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0976","volume":"64","author":"J Koska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koska J, Sands M, Burciu C, D\u2019Souza KM, Raravikar K, Liu J, et al. Exenatide protects against glucose- and lipid-Induced endothelial dysfunction: evidence for direct Vasodilation Effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists in humans. Diabetes. 2015;64(7):2624\u201335.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"1497_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E947","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00400.2015","volume":"310","author":"R Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wei R, Ma S, Wang C, Ke J, Yang J, Li W, et al. Exenatide exerts direct protective effects on endothelial cells through the AMPK\/Akt\/eNOS pathway in a GLP-1 receptor-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2016;310(11):E947\u201357.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"1497_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-022-01066-y","volume":"24","author":"KK Jha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jha KK, Adhikari R, Tasdighi E, Osuji N, Rajan T, Blaha MJ. Transitioning to GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors as the first choice for managing cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2022;24(12):925\u201337.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"1497_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Botana L\u00f3pez M, Camafort Babkowski M, Campuzano Ruiz R, Cebri\u00e1n Cuenca A, Gargallo Fern\u00e1ndez M, de Paz D. H, Barriers and strategies to optimize the Use of Glucagon-Like peptide 1 receptor agonists in people with type 2 diabetes and High Cardiovascular Risk or established Cardiovascular Disease: a Delphi Consensus in Spain. Adv Ther. 2024.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-02938-2"}],"container-title":["Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01497-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01497-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01497-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]],"date-time":"2024-10-26T10:03:17Z","timestamp":1729936997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01497-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01497-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"251"}}