{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:42:27Z","timestamp":1792788147224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Programs for Science and Technology Development of Songjiang District, Shanghai","award":["2024SJKJGG094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024SJKJGG094"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82271706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01550-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T23:35:49Z","timestamp":1736120149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Pre-pregnancy BMI modifies the associations between triglyceride\u2013glucose index in early pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes: a 5-year cohort study of 67,936 women in China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulai","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3637-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weibin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1550_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.044784","volume":"125","author":"A Fraser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fraser A, Nelson SM, Macdonald-Wallis C, Cherry L, Butler E, Sattar N, et al. Associations of pregnancy complications with calculated cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular risk factors in middle age: the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Circulation. 2012;125(11):1367\u201380.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1550_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxt006","volume":"36","author":"JW Rich-Edwards","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rich-Edwards JW, Fraser A, Lawlor DA, Catov JM. Pregnancy characteristics and women\u2019s future cardiovascular health: an underused opportunity to improve women\u2019s health? Epidemiol Rev. 2014;36(1):57\u201370.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"1550_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diagnostic criteria and classification of hyperglycaemia first detected in pregnancy: a World Health Organization Guideline. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(3):341\u201363.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.10.012"},{"issue":"1","key":"1550_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12854","volume":"10","author":"C Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao C, Sun X, Lu L, Liu F, Yuan J. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10(1):154\u201362.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"12","key":"1550_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1267-6","volume":"19","author":"ME Bianco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bianco ME, Josefson JL. Hyperglycemia during pregnancy and long-term offspring outcomes. Curr Diab Rep. 2019;19(12):143.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"1550_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1148","volume":"39","author":"EA Sellers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sellers EA, Dean HJ, Shafer LA, Martens PJ, Phillips-Beck W, Heaman M, et al. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus: impact on the development of early-onset type 2 diabetes in canadian first nations and non-first nations offspring. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(12):2240\u20136.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1550_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.09.003","volume":"144","author":"H Abokaf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abokaf H, Shoham-Vardi I, Sergienko R, Landau D, Sheiner E. In utero exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and long term endocrine morbidity of the offspring. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2018;144:231\u20135.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"1550_CR8","first-page":"775","volume":"143","author":"KK Venkatesh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venkatesh KK, Khan SS, Yee LM, Wu J, McNeil R, Greenland P, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and predicted 30-year risk of maternal cardiovascular disease 2\u20137 years after delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2024;143(6):775\u201384.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1550_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.062177","volume":"147","author":"SN Hinkle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hinkle SN, Schisterman EF, Liu D, Pollack AZ, Yeung EH, Mumford SL, et al. Pregnancy complications and long-term mortality in a diverse Cohort. Circulation. 2023;147(13):1014\u201325.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1550_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.0276","volume":"184","author":"C Crump","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crump C, Sundquist J, Sundquist K. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long-term mortality in women. JAMA Intern Med. 2024;184(6):631\u201340.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1550_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.4097","volume":"5","author":"MM Sondergaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sondergaard MM, Hlatky MA, Stefanick ML, Vittinghoff E, Nah G, Allison M, et al. Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(12):1390\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1550_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.036748","volume":"139","author":"SM Grandi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grandi SM, Filion KB, Yoon S, Ayele HT, Doyle CM, Hutcheon JA, et al. Cardiovascular disease-related morbidity and mortality in women with a history of pregnancy complications. Circulation. 2019;139(8):1069\u201379.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1550_CR13","volume":"380","author":"C Crump","year":"2023","unstructured":"Crump C, Sundquist J, McLaughlin MA, Dolan SM, Govindarajulu U, Sieh W, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes and long term risk of ischemic heart disease in mothers: national cohort and co-sibling study. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 2023;380: e072112.","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"1550_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8956404","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8956404","volume":"2018","author":"NE Poveda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poveda NE, Garces MF, Darghan AE, Jaimes SAB, Sanchez EP, Diaz-Cruz LA, et al. Triglycerides\/glucose and triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol indices in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies: a longitudinal study. Int J Endocrinol. 2018;2018:8956404.","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1550_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0288","volume":"95","author":"F Guerrero-Romero","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guerrero-Romero F, Simental-Mendia LE, Gonzalez-Ortiz M, Martinez-Abundis E, Ramos-Zavala MG, Hernandez-Gonzalez SO, et al. The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. Comparison with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol. 2010;95(7):3347\u201351.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1550_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12975","volume":"10","author":"X Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu X, Wang L, Zhang W, Ming J, Jia A, Xu S, et al. Fasting triglycerides and glucose index is more suitable for the identification of metabolically unhealthy individuals in the Chinese adult population: a nationwide study. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10(4):1050\u20138.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"1550_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2017.05.142","volume":"27","author":"I Lambrinoudaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lambrinoudaki I, Kazani MV, Armeni E, Georgiopoulos G, Tampakis K, Rizos D, et al. The TyG index as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in lean and overweight postmenopausal women. Heart Lung Circ. 2018;27(6):716\u201324.","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1550_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01121-5","volume":"19","author":"N Barzegar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barzegar N, Tohidi M, Hasheminia M, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. The impact of triglyceride-glucose index on incident cardiovascular events during 16 years of follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):155.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1550_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2012.11.007","volume":"139","author":"D Vejrazkova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vejrazkova D, Vcelak J, Vankova M, Lukasova P, Bradnova O, Halkova T, et al. Steroids and insulin resistance in pregnancy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014;139:122\u20139.","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1550_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-012-0360-x","volume":"13","author":"M Lacroix","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lacroix M, Kina E, Hivert MF. Maternal\/fetal determinants of insulin resistance in women during pregnancy and in offspring over life. Curr Diab Rep. 2013;13(2):238\u201344.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1550_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283444b09","volume":"18","author":"G Boden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boden G. Obesity, insulin resistance and free fatty acids. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2011;18(2):139\u201343.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"11","key":"1550_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.16991","volume":"330","author":"USPST Force","year":"2023","unstructured":"Force USPST, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, Silverstein M, Cabana MD, Chelmow D, et al. Screening for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: US preventive services task force final recommendation statement. JAMA. 2023;330(11):1074\u201382.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9606","key":"1550_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60074-4","volume":"371","author":"RL Goldenberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goldenberg RL, Culhane JF, Iams JD, Romero R. Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth. Lancet. 2008;371(9606):75\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1550_CR24","first-page":"97","volume":"53","author":"L Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu L, Zhang R, Zhang S, Shi W, Yan W, Wang X, et al. Chinese neonatal birth weight curve for different gestational age. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2015;53(2):97\u2013103.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1550_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2007.00433.x","volume":"9","author":"CM Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen CM. Overview of obesity in Mainland China. Obes Rev. 2008;9(Suppl 1):14\u201321.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"1550_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S378964","volume":"15","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Miao C, Liu W, Gao H, Li W, Wu Z, et al. First-trimester triglyceride-glucose index and risk of pregnancy-related complications: a prospective birth cohort study in Southeast China. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022;15:3705\u201315.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"1550_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S454826","volume":"17","author":"N Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma N, Bai L, Lu Q. First-trimester triglyceride-glucose index and triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus among the four surrogate biomarkers of insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024;17:1575\u201383.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1550_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-024-02076-2","volume":"23","author":"Y Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo Y, Lu J, Bahani M, Ding G, Wang L, Zhang Y, et al. Triglyceride-glucose index in early pregnancy predicts the risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2024;23(1):87.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"1550_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294588","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1294588","volume":"12","author":"Z Mo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mo Z, Cao C, Han Y, Hu H, He Y, Zuo X. Relationships between triglyceride-glucose index and incident gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study of a Korean population using publicly available data. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1294588.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1550_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1940932","volume":"38","author":"T Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song T, Su G, Chi Y, Wu T, Xu Y, Chen C. Triglyceride-glucose index predicts the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2022;38(1):10\u20135.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1550_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2017.1402876","volume":"32","author":"A Pazhohan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pazhohan A, Rezaee Moradali M, Pazhohan N. Association of first-trimester maternal lipid profiles and triglyceride-glucose index with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus and large for gestational age newborn. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(7):1167\u201375.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1550_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2020.1742687","volume":"36","author":"A Sanchez-Garcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanchez-Garcia A, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Saldivar-Rodriguez D, Guzman-Lopez A, Castillo-Castro C, Mancillas-Adame L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the triglyceride-glucose index for gestational diabetes screening: a practical approach. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36(12):1112\u20135.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1550_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.2147\/DMSO.S251846","volume":"13","author":"PJ Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu PJ, Liu Y, Ma L, Yao AM, Chen XY, Hou YX, et al. The predictive ability of two triglyceride-associated indices for gestational diabetes mellitus and large for gestational age infant among Chinese pregnancies: a preliminary Cohort study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020;13:2025\u201335.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes"},{"issue":"7","key":"1550_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13567","volume":"24","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, O\u2019Kane AM, Zhang Y, Ren J. Maternal obesity and offspring health: adapting metabolic changes through autophagy and mitophagy. Obes Rev. 2023;24(7): e13567.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"1550_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132249","volume":"26","author":"JC King","year":"2006","unstructured":"King JC. Maternal obesity, metabolism, and pregnancy outcomes. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:271\u201391.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr"},{"key":"1550_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01838","volume":"9","author":"P Lopez-Jaramillo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lopez-Jaramillo P, Barajas J, Rueda-Quijano SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Felix C. Obesity and preeclampsia: common pathophysiological mechanisms. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1838.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1550_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2009.12.042","volume":"52","author":"JA Oben","year":"2010","unstructured":"Oben JA, Mouralidarane A, Samuelsson AM, Matthews PJ, Morgan ML, McKee C, et al. Maternal obesity during pregnancy and lactation programs the development of offspring non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. J Hepatol. 2010;52(6):913\u201320.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1550_CR38","first-page":"281","volume":"8","author":"H Yildiz Atar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yildiz Atar H, Baatz JE, Ryan RM. Molecular mechanisms of maternal diabetes effects on fetal and neonatal surfactant. Children (Basel). 2021;8(4):281.","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01550-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01550-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01550-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T00:03:18Z","timestamp":1736121798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01550-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01550-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was endorsed by the IPMCH Medical Ethics Committee (GKLW2023-006, the date of approval was 7 Febrary 2023). Analysis of data in this study were conducted from 2023 to 2024. The requirement for informed consent was waived for using anonymized and de-identified data as approved by the IPMCH Ethics Committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"311"}}