{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T16:20:46Z","timestamp":1792167646831,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019971","name":"Luzhou Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019971","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01700-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T04:16:55Z","timestamp":1745813815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Protective effect of antidiabetic drugs against male infertility: evidence from Mendelian randomization"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuqi","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qilong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingfu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00459-w","volume":"9","author":"ML Eisenberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eisenberg ML, Esteves SC, Lamb DJ, Hotaling JM, Giwercman A, Hwang K, Cheng YS. Male infertility Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2023;9(1):49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-023-00459-w.","journal-title":"Male infertility Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"9","key":"1700_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-24-262","volume":"13","author":"Z Mai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mai Z, Yang D, Wang D, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Han B, Sun Z. A narrative review of mitochondrial dysfunction and male infertility. Transl Androl Urol. 2024;13(9):2134\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau-24-262.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"25","key":"1700_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612821666150710150041","volume":"21","author":"C Ferreira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferreira C, Sousa M, Raba\u00e7a A, Oliveira PF, Alves MG, S\u00e1 R. Impact of metformin on male reproduction. Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(25):3621\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612821666150710150041.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"6","key":"1700_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.009","volume":"95","author":"G Morgante","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morgante G, Tosti C, Orvieto R, Musacchio MC, Piomboni P, De Leo V. Metformin improves semen characteristics of oligo-terato-asthenozoospermic men with metabolic syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(6):2150\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.12.009.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1700_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pavli P, Triantafyllidou O, Kapantais E, Vlahos NF, Valsamakis G. Infertility improvement after medical weight loss in women and men: a review of the literature. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25031909.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031909"},{"issue":"13\u201315","key":"1700_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2023.0282","volume":"40","author":"MA Spadella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spadella MA, Silva EJR, Chies AB, Almeida LA. Insights into antioxidant strategies to counteract radiation-induced male infertility. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2024;40(13\u201315):776\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/ars.2023.0282.","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"1700_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Service CA, Puri D, Al Azzawi S, Hsieh TC, Patel DP. The impact of obesity and metabolic health on male fertility: a systematic review. Fertil Steril. 2023;120(6):1098\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.10.017.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.10.017"},{"issue":"2","key":"1700_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa781","volume":"106","author":"A Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma A, Minhas S, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Male infertility due to testicular disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(2):e442\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa781.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1700_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1328877","volume":"30","author":"AO Hammoud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hammoud AO, Meikle AW, Reis LO, Gibson M, Peterson CM, Carrell DT. Obesity and male infertility: a practical approach. Semin Reprod Med. 2012;30(6):486\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1328877.","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1700_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.270","volume":"2","author":"KK Shukla","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shukla KK, Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Misra S, Sharma P. Recent scenario of obesity and male fertility. Andrology. 2014;2(6):809\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.270.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1700_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.124.001085","author":"A Rambhatla","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rambhatla A, Shah R, Pinggera GM, Mostafa T, Atmoko W, Saleh R, Chung E, Hamoda T, Cayan S, Jun Park H, Kadioglu A, Hubbard L, Agarwal A. Pharmacological therapies for male infertility. Pharmacol Rev. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pharmrev.124.001085.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"1700_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101979","volume":"89","author":"J Nowell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nowell J, Blunt E, Gupta D, Edison P. Antidiabetic agents as a novel treatment for Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2023;89: 101979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2023.101979.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"22","key":"1700_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4191","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666181101111404","volume":"26","author":"RS Tavares","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tavares RS, Escada-Rebelo S, Sousa MI, Silva A, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Can antidiabetic drugs improve male reproductive (dys)function associated with diabetes? Curr Med Chem. 2019;26(22):4191\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867325666181101111404.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"1700_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e650","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000200771","volume":"99","author":"B Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang B, Wang Y, Jiang X, Thambisetty M, Ferrucci L, Johnell K, H\u00e4gg S. Genetic variation in targets of antidiabetic drugs and Alzheimer disease risk: a Mendelian randomization study. Neurology. 2022;99(7):e650\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/wnl.0000000000200771.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1700_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz155","volume":"49","author":"VM Walker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Walker VM, Kehoe PG, Martin RM, Davies NM. Repurposing antihypertensive drugs for the prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49(4):1132\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyz155.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1700_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105285","volume":"107","author":"K Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu K, Si S, Jin X, Zhang Y, Duong V, Cai Q, Li G, Oo WM, Zheng X, Boer CG, Zhang Y, Wei X, Zhang C, Gao Y, Hunter DJ. Exploring antidiabetic drug targets as potential disease-modifying agents in osteoarthritis. EBioMedicine. 2024;107: 105285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105285.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"1700_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-023-01000-9","volume":"38","author":"C Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin C, Diaz-Gallo LM, Tang B, Wang Y, Nguyen TD, Harder A, Lu Y, Padyukov L, Askling J, H\u00e4gg S. Repurposing antidiabetic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: results from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2023;38(7):809\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-023-01000-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1700_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"V\u00f5sa U, Claringbould A, Westra HJ, Bonder MJ, Deelen P, Zeng B, Kirsten H, Saha A, Kreuzhuber R, Yazar S, Brugge H, Oelen R, de Vries DH, van der Wijst MGP, Kasela S, Pervjakova N, Alves I, Fav\u00e9 MJ, Agbessi M, Christiansen MW, Jansen R, Sepp\u00e4l\u00e4 I, Tong L, Teumer A, Schramm K, Hemani G, Verlouw J, Yaghootkar H, S\u00f6nmez Flitman R, Brown A, Kukushkina V, Kalnapenkis A, R\u00fceger S, Porcu E, Kronberg J, Kettunen J, Lee B, Zhang F, Qi T, Hernandez JA, Arindrarto W, Beutner F, Dmitrieva J, Elansary M, Fairfax BP, Georges M, Heijmans BT, Hewitt AW, K\u00e4h\u00f6nen M, Kim Y, Knight JC, Kovacs P, Krohn K, Li S, Loeffler M, Marigorta UM, Mei H, Momozawa Y, M\u00fcller-Nurasyid M, Nauck M, Nivard MG, Penninx B, Pritchard JK, Raitakari OT, Rotzschke O, Slagboom EP, Stehouwer CDA, Stumvoll M, Sullivan P, t Hoen PAC, Thiery J, T\u00f6njes A, van Dongen J, van Iterson M, Veldink JH, V\u00f6lker U, Warmerdam R, Wijmenga C, Swertz M, Andiappan A, Montgomery GW, Ripatti S, Perola M, Kutalik Z, Dermitzakis E, Bergmann S, Frayling T, van Meurs J, Prokisch H, Ahsan H, Pierce BL, Lehtim\u00e4ki T, Boomsma DI, Psaty BM, Gharib SA, Awadalla P, Milani L, Ouwehand WH, Downes K, Stegle O, Battle A, Visscher PM, Yang J, Scholz M, Powell J, Gibson G, Esko T, Franke L. Large-scale cis- and trans-eQTL analyses identify thousands of genetic loci and polygenic scores that regulate blood gene expression. Nat Genet. 2021;53(9):1300\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z"},{"issue":"11","key":"1700_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-24-365","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Meng C, Zhou T, Liu Z, Wu Q, Zhu X, Deng Q. Causal relationship between serum uric acid levels and male infertility: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Transl Androl Urol. 2024;13(11):2510\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tau-24-365.","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/ede.0000000000000559","volume":"28","author":"S Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess S, Bowden J, Fall T, Ingelsson E, Thompson SG. Sensitivity analyses for robust causal inference from Mendelian randomization analyses with multiple genetic variants. Epidemiology. 2017;28(1):30\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ede.0000000000000559.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"1700_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yildiz O, Schroth J, Tree T, Turner MR, Shaw PJ, Henson SM, Malaspina A (2023) Senescent-like blood lymphocytes and disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2023;10(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/nxi.0000000000200042.","DOI":"10.1212\/nxi.0000000000200042"},{"key":"1700_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107913","volume":"174","author":"A Hubert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hubert A, Achour D, Grare C, Zarcone G, Muntaner M, Hamroun A, Gauthier V, Amouyel P, Matran R, Zerimech F, Lo-Guidice JM, Dauchet L. The relationship between residential exposure to atmospheric pollution and circulating miRNA in adults living in an urban area in northern France. Environ Int. 2023;174: 107913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2023.107913.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/js9.0000000000001926","volume":"111","author":"L Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou L, Gao H, Zhang J, Xu Q, Wang Q, Wang L, Tan Y, Luo Z, Zhou J, Shuai H, Cai X, Zheng Y, Wang S, Duan X, Wu T. Metabolic syndrome and cancer risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study of European ancestry. Int J Surg. 2025;111(1):311\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/js9.0000000000001926.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"1700_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2020.09.001","volume":"41","author":"L He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He L. Metformin and systemic metabolism. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2020;41(11):868\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2020.09.001.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.12.003","volume":"117","author":"K Maniar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maniar K, Moideen A, Mittal A, Patil A, Chakrabarti A, Banerjee D. A story of metformin-butyrate synergism to control various pathological conditions as a consequence of gut microbiome modification: genesis of a wonder drug? Pharmacol Res. 2017;117:103\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.12.003.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"1700_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7330","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00906","volume":"61","author":"F Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen F, Moat J, McFeely D, Clarkson G, Hands-Portman IJ, Furner-Pardoe JP, Harrison F, Dowson CG, Sadler PJ. Biguanide Iridium(III) complexes with potent antimicrobial activity. J Med Chem. 2018;61(16):7330\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.8b00906.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"1700_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02082-2","volume":"198","author":"AP Ebokaiwe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ebokaiwe AP, Obeten KE, Okori SO, David EE, Olusanya O, Chukwu CJ, Okoro N, Ehiri RC. Co-administration of selenium nanoparticles and metformin abrogate testicular oxidative injury by suppressing redox imbalance, augmenting sperm quality and Nrf2 protein expression in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020;198(2):544\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-020-02082-2.","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"1700_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ghasemnejad-Berenji M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Yazdani I, Nobakht M, Abdollahi A, Ghasemnejad-Berenji H, Mohajer Ansari J, Pashapour S, Dehpour AR. Effect of metformin on germ cell-specific apoptosis, oxidative stress and epididymal sperm quality after testicular torsion\/detorsion in rats. Andrologia. 2018;50(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/and.12846.","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12846"},{"issue":"3","key":"1700_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12739","volume":"8","author":"VU Nna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nna VU, Bakar ABA, Ahmad A, Umar UZ, Suleiman JB, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Mohamed M. Malaysian propolis and metformin mitigate subfertility in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats by targeting steroidogenesis, testicular lactate transport, spermatogenesis and mating behaviour. Andrology. 2020;8(3):731\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12739.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1700_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Men J, Zhang L, Peng R, Li Y, Li M, Wang H, Zhao L, Zhang J, Wang H, Xu X, Dong J, Wang J, Yao B, Guo J. Metformin Ameliorates 2.856 GHz microwave- radiation-induced reproductive impairments in male rats via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(15). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241512250.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512250"},{"issue":"12","key":"1700_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v19i12.10060","volume":"19","author":"B Pourheydar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pourheydar B, Azarm F, Farjah G, Karimipour M, Pourheydar M. Effect of Silymarin and metformin on the sperm parameters and histopathological changes of testes in diabetic rats: an experimental study. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2021;19(12):1091\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijrm.v19i12.10060.","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed"},{"key":"1700_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Awais Z, Mahtab K, Ali S, Lubna S, Atif I, Arsalan A, Zaib S. Comparative study of sperm motility in Metformin-using and Insulin-dependent diabetics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15419\/bmrat.v4i06.180.","DOI":"10.15419\/bmrat.v4i06.180"},{"issue":"3","key":"1700_CR33","first-page":"663","volume":"37","author":"N Farooqui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farooqui N, Khan S, Zahid N, Nazim SM, Tahir M, Rehman R. Role of metformin in male oxidative stress infertility (MOSI): an in vitro experimental study. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2024;37(3):663\u20137.","journal-title":"Pak J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1700_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031620-095920","volume":"83","author":"V Vallon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vallon V, Verma S. Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on kidney and cardiovascular function. Annu Rev Physiol. 2021;83:503\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031620-095920.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.04.005","volume":"96","author":"E Kanda","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kanda E, Nangaku M. Are SGLT2 inhibitors a targeted treatment for diabetic kidney disease? Kidney Int. 2019;96(1):8\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kint.2019.04.005.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1700_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108968","volume":"709","author":"W Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu W, Chai Q, Zhang Z. Glucose fluctuation accelerates cardiac injury of diabetic mice via sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). Arch Biochem Biophys. 2021;709: 108968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.abb.2021.108968.","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"issue":"6","key":"1700_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioac052","volume":"106","author":"S Numata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Numata S, McDermott JP, Sanchez G, Mitra A, Blanco G. The sodium-glucose cotransporter isoform 1 (SGLT-1) is important for sperm energetics, motility, and fertility\u2020. Biol Reprod. 2022;106(6):1206\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolre\/ioac052.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.23723","volume":"91","author":"S Numata","year":"2024","unstructured":"Numata S, Oishee MJ, McDermott J, Koepsell H, Vallon V, Blanco G. Deletion of the sodium glucose cotransporter 1 (Sglt-1) impairs mouse sperm movement. Mol Reprod Dev. 2024;91(1): e23723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mrd.23723.","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1700_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.8.1090","volume":"37","author":"FK Gorus","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gorus FK, Schuit FC, In\u2019t Veld PA, Gepts W, Pipeleers DG. Interaction of sulfonylureas with pancreatic beta-cells. A study with glyburide. Diabetes. 1988;37(8):1090\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.37.8.1090.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1700_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.04.035","volume":"312","author":"CX Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu CX, Zhang YY, Wu XY, Tang HX, Liang XQ, Xue ZM, Xue YD, Li J, Zhu H, Huo R, Ban T. Transient receptor potential Melastatin 4 contributes to early-stage endothelial injury induced by arsenic trioxide. Toxicol Lett. 2019;312:98\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.04.035.","journal-title":"Toxicol Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"1700_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1080\/19336950.2017.1375072","volume":"11","author":"E Leiva-Salcedo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leiva-Salcedo E, Riquelme D, Cerda O, Stutzin A. TRPM4 activation by chemically- and oxygen deprivation-induced ischemia and reperfusion triggers neuronal death. Channels (Austin). 2017;11(6):624\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19336950.2017.1375072.","journal-title":"Channels (Austin)"},{"key":"1700_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2023.102290","volume":"86","author":"F Ye","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ye F, Liu D, Zhang J. Transient receptor potential channel TRPM4 favors oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced coronary endothelial cell dysfunction via a mechanism involving ferroptosis. Tissue Cell. 2024;86: 102290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tice.2023.102290.","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"1700_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.03.077","volume":"566","author":"C Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang C, Chen J, Wang M, Naruse K, Takahashi K. Role of the TRPM4 channel in mitochondrial function, calcium release, and ROS generation in oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2021;566:190\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.03.077.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1700_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.3.0007","volume":"60","author":"N Kumar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumar N, Jain S, Gupta A, Tiwary AK. Spermicidal activity of sulfonylureas and meglitinide analogues: role of intrasperm Ca2+ elevation. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2008;60(3):323\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1211\/jpp.60.3.0007.","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500x.64531","volume":"1","author":"SI Rabbani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rabbani SI, Devi K, Khanam S. Protective role of glibenclamide against nicotinamide-streptozotocin induced nuclear damage in diabetic Wistar rats. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2010;1(1):18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0976-500x.64531.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Pharmacother"},{"key":"1700_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nelli GB, Anand Solomon K, Kilari EK. Antidiabetic effect of \u03b1-mangostin and its protective role in sexual dysfunction of streptozotocin induced diabetic male rats. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2013;59(6):319\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/19396368.2013.820369.","DOI":"10.3109\/19396368.2013.820369"},{"issue":"2","key":"1700_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01643.x","volume":"46","author":"MJ Yoon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoon MJ, Berger T, Roser JF. Localization of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) in equine testes. Reprod Domest Anim. 2011;46(2):221\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01643.x.","journal-title":"Reprod Domest Anim"},{"key":"1700_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.13645","author":"G Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu G, Liu D, Zhu M, Zhang M, Li C, Xu X, Pan F. Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes the testicular sperm production by improving germ cell survival and proliferation in high-fat diet-treated male mice. Andrology. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.13645.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1700_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190070","volume":"38","author":"R Cannarella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Bellucci C, Luca G, Calafiore R, Calogero AE. IGF2 and IGF1R mRNAs are detectable in human spermatozoa. World J Mens Health. 2020;38(4):545\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5534\/wjmh.190070.","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1700_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.12.003","volume":"83","author":"S S\u00e1nchez-Luengo","year":"2005","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Luengo S, Fern\u00e1ndez PJ, Romeu A. Insulin growth factors may be implicated in human sperm capacitation. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(4):1064\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.12.003.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1700_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12444","volume":"6","author":"R Cannarella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Effects of the insulin-like growth factor system on testicular differentiation and function: a review of the literature. Andrology. 2018;6(1):3\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/andr.12444.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1700_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.08.017","volume":"192","author":"F Zeng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zeng F, Zhu X, Li C, Han B, Meng L, Li L, Wei H, Zhang S. Carboxypeptidase E protein regulates porcine sperm Ca(2+) influx to affect capacitation and fertilization. Theriogenology. 2022;192:28\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.08.017.","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1700_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1442","volume":"145","author":"S Srinivasan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Srinivasan S, Bunch DO, Feng Y, Rodriguiz RM, Li M, Ravenell RL, Luo GX, Arimura A, Fricker LD, Eddy EM, Wetsel WC. Deficits in reproduction and pro-gonadotropin-releasing hormone processing in male Cpefat mice. Endocrinology. 2004;145(4):2023\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2003-1442.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1700_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.249","volume":"18","author":"H Hauner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hauner H. The mode of action of thiazolidinediones. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2002;18(Suppl 2):S10-15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.249.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1700_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20807","volume":"209","author":"S Aquila","year":"2006","unstructured":"Aquila S, Bonofiglio D, Gentile M, Middea E, Gabriele S, Belmonte M, Catalano S, Pellegrino M, And\u00f2 S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma is expressed by human spermatozoa: its potential role on the sperm physiology. J Cell Physiol. 2006;209(3):977\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.20807.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1700_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2024.117013","volume":"489","author":"AR Barutcu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barutcu AR, Black MB, Andersen ME. Transcriptomic re-analyses of human hepatocyte spheroids treated with PFAS reveals chain length and dose-dependent modes of action. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2024;489: 117013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2024.117013.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1700_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70081","volume":"30","author":"M Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang M, Yu Q, Ou J, Lou J, Zhu J, Lin Z. The neuroprotective mechanisms of PPAR-\u03b3: inhibition of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in a neonatal mouse model of hypoxic-ischemic white matter injury. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024;30(11): e70081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.70081.","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"}],"container-title":["Diabetology &amp; Metabolic Syndrome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01700-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01700-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01700-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T04:16:56Z","timestamp":1745813816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01700-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1700"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01700-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study used de-identified public summary-level data that can be downloaded for free. All the GWAS studies utilized in this study were authorized by their respective institutional ethics committees.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"140"}}