{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T19:38:30Z","timestamp":1793907510492,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":129,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:26:00Z","timestamp":1750055160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["CARDIAL-MS (CArdio-Renal-DIAbetes-Liver-Metabolic Syndrome): a new proposition for an integrated multisystem metabolic disease"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9089-9889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Am\u00e9lio F.","family":"Godoy-Matos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2292-1735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia Melissa","family":"Val\u00e9rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4414-6696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wellington S. Silva","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5913-962X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Marcello","family":"de Araujo-Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7127-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrei C.","family":"Sposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4720-5391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Herm\u00f3genes Rocco","family":"Suassuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"20","key":"1796_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184","volume":"148","author":"CE Ndumele","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ndumele CE, Rangaswami J, Chow SL, Neeland IJ, Tuttle KR, Khan SS, et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic health: A presidential advisory from the American heart association. Circulation. 2023;148(20):1606\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001184.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1796_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-020-00570-y","volume":"12","author":"AF Godoy-Matos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Godoy-Matos AF, Silva J\u00fanior WS, Valerio CM. NAFLD as a continuum: from obesity to metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2020;12:60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-020-00570-y.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms\/183070","volume":"20","author":"N Katsiki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Katsiki N, Kolovou G, Melidonis A, Banach M. The Cardiac-Kidney-Liver (CKL) syndrome: the real entity of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Med Sci. 2024;20(1):207\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms\/183070.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362","volume":"377","author":"A Afshin","year":"2017","unstructured":"GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators, Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):13\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1614362.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1796_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Adult BMI Collaborators. Global, regional, and National prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990\u20132021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the global burden of disease study 2021. Lancet. 2025;405(10481):813\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00355-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00355-1"},{"key":"1796_CR6","unstructured":"World Obesity Federation. World Obesity Atlas 2025. London: World Obesity Federation. 2025. [cited 2025 Apr 14]. Available from: https:\/\/data.worldobesity.org\/publications\/?cat=23"},{"issue":"34","key":"1796_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab454","volume":"42","author":"MS Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim MS, Kim WJ, Khera AV, Kim JY, Yon DK, Lee SW, et al. Association between adiposity and cardiovascular outcomes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis of observational and Mendelian randomization studies. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(34):3388\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab454.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.008","volume":"26","author":"N Stefan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stefan N, Schick F, H\u00e4ring HU. Causes, characteristics, and consequences of metabolically unhealthy normal weight in humans. Cell Metab. 2017;26(2):292\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.07.008.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1089\/dtom.2025.0015","volume":"1","author":"WS Silva J\u00fanior","year":"2025","unstructured":"Silva J\u00fanior WS. Under new criteria for clinical obesity, is metabolic obesity with normal body weight finally a legitimate disease phenotype? Diab Technol Obes Med. 2025;1(1):62\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dtom.2025.0015.","journal-title":"Diab Technol Obes Med"},{"issue":"suppl B","key":"1796_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B1","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/sum051","volume":"10","author":"JP Despr\u00e9s","year":"2008","unstructured":"Despr\u00e9s JP, Brewer HB. Metabolic syndrome: the dysmetabolic state of dysfunctional adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2008;10(suppl B):B1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/sum051.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00563-5","volume":"10","author":"IJ Neeland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Neeland IJ, Lim S, Tchernof A, Gastaldelli A, Rangaswami J, Ndumele CE, et al. Metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2024;10(1):77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-024-00563-5.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3933-4","volume":"59","author":"V Pellegrinelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pellegrinelli V, Carobbio S, Vidal-Puig A. Adipose tissue plasticity: how fat depots respond differently to pathophysiological cues. Diabetologia. 2016;59(6):1075\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-016-3933-4.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.286","volume":"34","author":"KN Manolopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manolopoulos KN, Karpe F, Frayn KN. Gluteofemoral body fat as a determinant of metabolic health. Int J Obes (Lond). 2010;34(6):949\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2009.286.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35704-5","volume":"14","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Klarqvist MDR, Diamant N, Stanley TL, Ellinor PT, Mehta NN, et al. BMI-adjusted adipose tissue volumes exhibit depot-specific and divergent associations with cardiometabolic diseases. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-35704-5.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3714","volume":"49","author":"LA Lotta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lotta LA, Gulati P, Day FR, Payne F, Ongen H, van de Bunt M, et al. Integrative genomic analysis implicates limited peripheral adipose storage capacity in the pathogenesis of human insulin resistance. Nat Genet. 2017;49(1):17\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.3714.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1796_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-018-0375-9","volume":"10","author":"AF Godoy-Matos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Godoy-Matos AF, Valerio CM, Moreira RO, Momesso DP, Bittencourt LK. Pancreatic fat deposition is increased and related to beta-cell function in women with Familial partial lipodystrophy. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-018-0375-9.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"11","key":"1796_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21047","volume":"113","author":"S Nielsen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nielsen S, Guo Z, Johnson CM, Hensrud DD, Jensen MD. Splanchnic lipolysis in human obesity. J Clin Invest. 2004;113(11):1582\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI21047.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28985","volume":"65","author":"F Bril","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bril F, Barb D, Portillo-Sanchez P, Biernacki D, Lomonaco R, Suman A, et al. Metabolic and histological implications of intrahepatic triglyceride content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2017;65(4):1132\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.28985.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29094","volume":"65","author":"Y Rotman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rotman Y, Neuschwander-Tetri BA. Liver fat accumulation as a barometer of insulin responsiveness again points to adipose tissue as the culprit. Hepatology. 2017;65(4):1088\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.29094.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23734","volume":"31","author":"MW Schleh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schleh MW, Ryan BJ, Ahn C, Ludzki AC, Varshney P, Gillen JB, et al. Metabolic dysfunction in obesity is related to impaired suppression of fatty acid release from adipose tissue by insulin. Obes (Silver Spring). 2023;31(5):1347\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.23734.","journal-title":"Obes (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","volume":"77","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. 2023;77(4):1335\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","volume":"78","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rinella ME, Lazarus JV, Ratziu V, Francque SM, Sanyal AJ, Kanwal F, et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology. 2023;78(6):1966\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01259-2","volume":"16","author":"AF Godoy-Matos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Godoy-Matos AF, Val\u00e9rio CM, Silva J\u00fanior WS, de Araujo-Neto JM, Bertoluci MC. 2024 UPDATE: the Brazilian diabetes society position on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2024;16(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01259-2.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e230123","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-4292-2023-0123","volume":"67","author":"RO Moreira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moreira RO, Valerio CM, Villela-Nogueira CA, Cercato C, Gerchman F, Lottenberg AMP, et al. Brazilian evidence-based guideline for screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in adult individuals with overweight or obesity: A joint position statement from the Brazilian society of endocrinology and metabolism (SBEM), Brazilian society of hepatology (SBH), and Brazilian association for the study of obesity and metabolic syndrome (Abeso). Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2023;67(6):e230123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20945\/2359-4292-2023-0123.","journal-title":"Arch Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1796_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.050","volume":"73","author":"EP Stahl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stahl EP, Dhindsa DS, Lee SK, Sandesara PB, Chalasani NP, Sperling LS. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the heart: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(8):948\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.050.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v11.i4.115","volume":"11","author":"N Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang N, Mao EW, Hou NN, Liu YP, Han F, Sun XD. Novel insight into perirenal adipose tissue: A neglected adipose depot linking cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. World J Diabetes. 2020;11(4):115\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v11.i4.115.","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"1796_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00308-3","volume":"6","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Csermely A, Petracca G, Beatrice G, Corey KE, Simon TG, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;6(11):903\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(21)00308-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1796_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Issa G, Shang Y, Strandberg R, Hagstr\u00f6m H, Wester A. Cause-specific mortality in 13,099 patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in Sweden. J Hepatol. 2025 Mar;7(25):S0168\u20138278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.03.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xhgg.2021.100056","volume":"3","author":"Z Miao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miao Z, Garske KM, Pan DZ, Koka A, Kaminska D, M\u00e4nnist\u00f6 V, et al. Identification of 90 NAFLD GWAS loci and establishment of NAFLD PRS and causal role of NAFLD in coronary artery disease. HGG Adv. 2021;3(1):100056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xhgg.2021.100056.","journal-title":"HGG Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32534","volume":"77","author":"Z Ren","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ren Z, Simons PIHG, Wesselius A, Stehouwer CDA, Brouwers MCGJ. Relationship between NAFLD and coronary artery disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Hepatology. 2023;77(1):230\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.32534.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05024-3","volume":"63","author":"MCGJ Brouwers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brouwers MCGJ, Simons N, Stehouwer CDA, Isaacs A. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease: assessing the evidence for causality. Diabetologia. 2020;63(2):253\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-019-05024-3.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.06.030","volume":"81","author":"A Ahmed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Cule M, Bell JD, Sattar N, Yaghootkar H. Differing genetic variants associated with liver fat and their contrasting relationships with cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Hepatol. 2024;81(6):921\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.06.030.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2023.01.002","volume":"27","author":"F Bril","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bril F, Sanyal A, Cusi K. Metabolic syndrome and its association with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis. 2023;27(2):187\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2023.01.002.","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2019.0115","volume":"18","author":"K Lechner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechner K, McKenzie AL, Kr\u00e4nkel N, Von Schacky C, Worm N, Nixdorff U, et al. High-risk atherosclerosis and metabolic phenotype: the roles of ectopic adiposity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2020;18(4):176\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/met.2019.0115.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000375","volume":"28","author":"E Bj\u00f6rnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rnson E, Adiels M, Taskinen MR, Bor\u00e9n J. Kinetics of plasma triglycerides in abdominal obesity. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2017;28(1):11\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MOL.0000000000000375.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"1796_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S104369","volume":"12","author":"PP Toth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Toth PP. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins as a causal factor for cardiovascular disease. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2016;12:171\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/VHRM.S104369.","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"key":"1796_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6591784","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6591784","volume":"2021","author":"LZ Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen LZ, Jing XB, Wu CF, Zeng YC, Xie YC, Wang MQ, Chen WX, Hu X, Zhou YN, Cai XB. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated liver fibrosis is linked with the severity of coronary artery disease mediated by systemic inflammation. Dis Markers. 2021;2021:6591784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6591784.","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14637","volume":"41","author":"PF Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsu PF, Wang YW, Lin CC, Wang YJ, Ding YZ, Liou TL, et al. The association of the steatosis severity in fatty liver disease with coronary plaque pattern in general population. Liver Int. 2021;41(1):81\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.14637.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.21037\/hbsn.2018.10.05","volume":"7","author":"WS Silva J\u00fanior","year":"2018","unstructured":"Silva J\u00fanior WS, Souza MDGC, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), adipose inflammation, and insulin resistance: is it time to look to the hepatocyte? Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2018;7(6):499\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/hbsn.2018.10.05.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr"},{"issue":"7698","key":"1796_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nature26138","volume":"555","author":"DS Ghorpade","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghorpade DS, Ozcan L, Zheng Z, Nicoloro SM, Shen Y, Chen E, et al. Hepatocyte-secreted DPP4 in obesity promotes adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Nature. 2018;555(7698):673\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature26138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1796_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109653","volume":"121","author":"X Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li X, Liu L, Cao Z, Li W, Li H, Lu C, et al. Gut microbiota as an invisible organ that modulates the function of drugs. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;121:109653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109653.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14020428","volume":"14","author":"E Michalopoulou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Michalopoulou E, Thymis J, Lampsas S, Pavlidis G, Katogiannis K, Vlachomitros D, et al. The triad of risk: linking MASLD, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes; from pathophysiology to treatment. J Clin Med. 2025;14(2):428. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14020428.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332602","volume":"74","author":"A Castells-Nobau","year":"2025","unstructured":"Castells-Nobau A, Moreno-Navarrete JM, de la Vega-Correa L, Puig I, Federici M, Sun J, et al. Multiomics of the intestine-liver-adipose axis in multiple studies unveils a consistent link of the gut microbiota and the antiviral response with systemic glucose metabolism. Gut. 2025;74(2):229\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332602.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1796_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156081","volume":"163","author":"ZA Kipp","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kipp ZA, Badmus OO, Stec DE, Hall B, Hinds TD Jr. Bilirubin bioconversion to urobilin in the gut-liver-kidney axis: a biomarker for insulin resistance in the Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome. Metabolism. 2025;163:156081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.156081.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"10","key":"1796_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.006","volume":"22","author":"ZM Younossi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Price JK, Owrangi S, Gundu-Rao N, Satchi R, et al. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;22(10):1999\u2013e20108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2024.03.006.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1796_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v14.i7.1291","volume":"14","author":"R Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar R, Garc\u00eda-Compe\u00e1n D, Maji T. Hepatogenous diabetes: knowledge, evidence, and skepticism. World J Hepatol. 2022;14(7):1291\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4254\/wjh.v14.i7.1291.","journal-title":"World J Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.13264","volume":"31","author":"S Ballestri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ballestri S, Zona S, Targher G, Romagnoli D, Baldelli E, Nascimbeni F, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with an almost twofold increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(5):936\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgh.13264.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322572","volume":"70","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Petracca G, Beatrice G, Tilg H, Byrne CD, Targher G. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis of 501 022 adult individuals. Gut. 2021;70(5):962\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322572.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.018","volume":"22","author":"KE Chan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan KE, Ong EYH, Chung CH, Ong CEY, Koh B, Tan DJH, et al. Longitudinal outcomes associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a meta-analysis of 129 studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;22(3):488\u2013e49814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cgh.2023.09.018.","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31806","volume":"74","author":"AS Alexopoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexopoulos AS, Crowley MJ, Wang Y, Moylan CA, Guy CD, Henao R, et al. Glycemic control predicts severity of hepatocyte ballooning and hepatic fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2021;74(3):1220\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.31806.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.327","volume":"107","author":"Y Kawamura","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kawamura Y, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Seko Y, Imai N, Hosaka T, et al. Large-scale long-term follow-up study of Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for the onset of hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107(2):253\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ajg.2011.327.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1796_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2337\/db18-1048","volume":"68","author":"NMG De Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Silva NMG, Borges MC, Hingorani AD, Engmann J, Shah T, Zhang X, et al. Liver function and risk of type 2 diabetes: bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Diabetes. 2019;68(8):1681\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db18-1048.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-1262","volume":"45","author":"S Martin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Martin S, Sorokin EP, Thomas EL, Sattar N, Cule M, Bell JD, et al. Estimating the effect of liver and pancreas volume and fat content on risk of diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(2):460\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc21-1262.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.01.006","volume":"35","author":"N Stefan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stefan N, Schick F, Birkenfeld AL, H\u00e4ring HU, White MF. The role of hepatokines in NAFLD. Cell Metab. 2023;35(2):236\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.01.006.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"1796_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6627","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126627","volume":"22","author":"T Dogru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dogru T, Kirik A, Gurel H, Rizvi AA, Rizzo M, Sonmez A. The evolving role of fetuin-A in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an overview from liver to the heart. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(12):6627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22126627.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020516","volume":"12","author":"AA Berezin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berezin AA, Obradovic Z, Berezina TA, Boxhammer E, Lichtenauer M, Berezin AE. Cardiac hepatopathy: new perspectives on old problems through a Prism of endogenous metabolic regulations by hepatokines. Antioxid (Basel). 2023;12(2):516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12020516.","journal-title":"Antioxid (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-017-1068-9","volume":"55","author":"VY Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo VY, Cao B, Cai C, Cheng KK, Cheung BMY. Fetuin-A levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol. 2018;55(1):87\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-017-1068-9.","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.2337\/db17-1268","volume":"67","author":"J Kr\u00f6ger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ger J, Meidtner K, Stefan N, Guevara M, Kerrison ND, Ardanaz E, et al. Circulating fetuin-A and risk of type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization analysis. Diabetes. 2018;67(6):1200\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db17-1268.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21469","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-48600-9","volume":"13","author":"L Al Ali","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al Ali L, van de Vegte YJ, Said MA, Groot HE, Hendriks T, Yeung MW, et al. Fetuin-A and its genetic association with cardiometabolic disease. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):21469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-48600-9.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1796_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paul J, Shihaz AVH. Pancreatic steatosis: a new diagnosis and therapeutic challenge in gastroenterology. Arq Gastroenterol. 2020 Apr-Jun;57(2):216\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0004-2803.202000000-27.","DOI":"10.1590\/s0004-2803.202000000-27"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00573-3","volume":"18","author":"R Wagner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagner R, Eckstein SS, Yamazaki H, Gerst F, Machann J, Jaghutriz BA, et al. Metabolic implications of pancreatic fat accumulation. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(1):43\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-021-00573-3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.4","volume":"8","author":"MM Smits","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smits MM, van Geenen EJ. The clinical significance of pancreatic steatosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;8(3):169\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2011.4.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1796_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/s0046-8177(84)80294-4.10","volume":"15","author":"BH Stamm","year":"1984","unstructured":"Stamm BH. Incidence and diagnostic significance of minor pathologic changes in the adult pancreas at autopsy: a systematic study of 112 autopsies in patients without known pancreatic disease. Hum Pathol. 1984;15(7):677\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0046-8177(84)80294-4.10.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"1796_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.012","volume":"69","author":"RG Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh RG, Yoon HD, Wu LM, Lu J, Plank LD, Petrov MS. Ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas and its clinical relevance: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Metabolism. 2017;69:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2016.12.012.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2011.01.015","volume":"73","author":"PS Sepe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sepe PS, Ohri A, Sanaka S, Berzin TM, Sekhon S, Bennett G, et al. A prospective evaluation of fatty pancreas by using EUS. Gastrointest Endosc. 2011;73(5):987\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gie.2011.01.015.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"1796_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-1116-7","volume":"51","author":"R Taylor","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taylor R. Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes: tracing the reverse route from cure to cause. Diabetologia. 2008;51:1781\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12039","volume":"30","author":"R Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor R. Banting memorial lecture 2012: reversing the twin cycles of type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2013;30(3):267\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12039.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"1796_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4504-z","volume":"61","author":"R Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor R, Barnes AC. Translating aetiological insight into sustainable management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2018;61:273\u201383.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"1796_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30076-2","volume":"7","author":"R Taylor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor R, Al-Mrabeh A, Sattar N. Understanding the mechanisms of reversal of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7(9):726\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30076-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2106","DOI":"10.2337\/db12-1249","volume":"62","author":"R Wagner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wagner R, Kaiser G, Gerst F, Christiansen E, Due-Hansen ME, Grundmann M, et al. Reevaluation of fatty acid receptor 1 as a drug target for the stimulation of insulin secretion in humans. Diabetes. 2013;62(6):2106\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db12-1249.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.02.008","volume":"27","author":"M V\u00e1zquez-Carrera","year":"2016","unstructured":"V\u00e1zquez-Carrera M. Unraveling the effects of PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4 on insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2016;27(5):319\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tem.2016.02.008.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-021-04260-9","volume":"477","author":"R Mallick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mallick R, Duttaroy AK. Modulation of endothelium function by fatty acids. Mol Cell Biochem. 2022;477(1):15\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-021-04260-9.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"1796_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00845-0","volume":"19","author":"A Zadoorian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zadoorian A, Du X, Yang H. Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023;19(8):443\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-023-00845-0.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1796_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e173160","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI173160","volume":"133","author":"B Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim B, Zhao W, Tang SY, Levin MG, Ibrahim A, Yang Y, Roberts E, Lai L, Li J, Assoian RK, FitzGerald GA, Arany Z. Endothelial lipid droplets suppress eNOS to link high fat consumption to blood pressure elevation. J Clin Invest. 2023;133(24):e173160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI173160.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e170453","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI170453","volume":"134","author":"NE Boutagy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boutagy NE, Gamez-Mendez A, Fowler JW, Zhang H, Chaube BK, Esplugues E, et al. Dynamic metabolism of endothelial triglycerides protects against atherosclerosis in mice. J Clin Invest. 2024;134(4):e170453. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI170453.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"1796_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.018","volume":"75","author":"R Marfella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marfella R, Amarelli C, Cacciatore F, Balestrieri ML, Mansueto G, D\u2019Onofrio N, et al. Lipid accumulation in hearts transplanted from nondiabetic donors to diabetic recipients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(11):1249\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.01.018.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1796_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-024-00516-x","volume":"3","author":"M Meddeb","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meddeb M, Koleini N, Binek A, Keykhaei M, Darehgazani R, Kwon S, et al. Myocardial ultrastructure of human heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Nat Cardiovasc Res. 2024;3(8):907\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44161-024-00516-x.","journal-title":"Nat Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1796_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1448","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1265","volume":"98","author":"HS Sacks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sacks HS, Fain JN, Bahouth SW, Ojha S, Frontini A, Budge H, et al. Adult epicardial fat exhibits beige features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(9):E1448\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-1265.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10","key":"1796_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpcardio0319","volume":"2","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Corradi D, Sharma AM. Epicardial adipose tissue: anatomic, biomolecular and clinical relationships with the heart. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2005;2(10):536\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncpcardio0319.","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1796_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00679-9","volume":"19","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Iacobellis G. Epicardial adipose tissue in contemporary cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19(9):593\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-022-00679-9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9628","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27376-3","volume":"8","author":"HP Fainberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fainberg HP, Birtwistle M, Alagal R, Alhaddad A, Pope M, Davies G, et al. Transcriptional analysis of adipose tissue during development reveals depot-specific responsiveness to maternal dietary supplementation. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):9628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-27376-3.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.048","volume":"58","author":"Y Hirata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hirata Y, Tabata M, Kurobe H, Motoki T, Akaike M, Nishio C, et al. Coronary atherosclerosis is associated with macrophage polarization in epicardial adipose tissue. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(3):248\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.048.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1796_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000099542.57313.C5","volume":"108","author":"T Mazurek","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mazurek T, Zhang L, Zalewski A, Mannion JD, Diehl JT, Arafat H, et al. Human epicardial adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory mediators. Circulation. 2003;108(20):2460\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000099542.57313.C5.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"1796_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.028","volume":"64","author":"RK Pathak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pathak RK, Middeldorp ME, Lau DH, Mehta AB, Mahajan R, Twomey D, et al. Aggressive risk factor reduction study for atrial fibrillation and implications for the outcome of ablation: the ARREST-AF cohort study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(21):2222\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.09.028.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"1796_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jhuo SJ, Hsieh TJ, Tang WH, Tsai WC, Lee KT, Yen HW et al. The association of the amounts of epicardial fat, P wave duration, and PR interval in electrocardiogram. J Electrocardiol 2018 Jul-Aug;51(4):645\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2018.04.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2018.04.009"},{"issue":"11","key":"1796_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1283","volume":"20","author":"G van Woerden","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Woerden G, Gorter TM, Westenbrink BD, Willems TP, van Veldhuisen DJ, Rienstra M. Epicardial fat in heart failure patients with mid-range and preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(11):1559\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.1283.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14758","volume":"24","author":"L Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao L, Guo Z, Wang P, Zheng M, Yang X, Liu Y, et al. Proteomics of epicardial adipose tissue in patients with heart failure. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24(1):511\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.14758.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1532-429X-12-40","volume":"12","author":"C Doesch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Doesch C, Haghi D, Fl\u00fcchter S, Suselbeck T, Schoenberg SO, Michaely H, et al. Epicardial adipose tissue in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2010;12(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1532-429X-12-40.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Magn Reson"},{"issue":"8","key":"1796_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.75","volume":"12","author":"VD D\u2019Agati","year":"2016","unstructured":"D\u2019Agati VD, Chagnac A, de Vries AP, Levi M, Porrini E, Herman-Edelstein M, et al. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2016;12(8):453\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrneph.2016.75.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13945","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13945","volume":"53","author":"SM Fanaei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fanaei SM, Mehran L, Amouzegar A, Masoumi S, Amouzegar A, Azizi F. The impact of metabolic syndrome on chronic kidney disease development. Insights from a big prospective study. Eur J Clin Invest. 2023;53(4):e13945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.13945.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0173515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173515","volume":"12","author":"WG Herrington","year":"2017","unstructured":"Herrington WG, Smith M, Bankhead C, Matsushita K, Stevens S, Holt T, et al. Body-mass index and risk of advanced chronic kidney disease: prospective analyses from a primary care cohort of 1.4 million adults in England. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0173515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173515.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"15","key":"1796_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab357","volume":"118","author":"X Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu X, Eales JM, Jiang X, Sanderson E, Drzal M, Saluja S, et al. Contributions of obesity to kidney health and disease: insights from Mendelian randomization and the human kidney transcriptomics. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118(15):3151\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvab357.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvab249","volume":"68","author":"AD Kjaergaard","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kjaergaard AD, Teumer A, Witte DR, Stanzick KJ, Winkler TW, Burgess S, et al. Obesity and kidney function: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Clin Chem. 2022;68(3):461\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvab249.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"1796_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001680","volume":"11","author":"G Musso","year":"2014","unstructured":"Musso G, Gambino R, Tabibian JH, Ekstedt M, Kechagias S, Hamaguchi M, et al. Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2014;11(7):e1001680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001680.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323082","volume":"71","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mantovani A, Petracca G, Beatrice G, Csermely A, Lonardo A, Schattenberg JM, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: an updated meta-analysis. Gut. 2022;71(1):156\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323082.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102780","volume":"17","author":"N Agustanti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Agustanti N, Soetedjo NNM, Damara FA, Iryaningrum MR, Permana H, Bestari MB, et al. The association between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2023;17(5):102780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2023.102780.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100005","DOI":"10.1136\/egastro-2023-100005","volume":"1","author":"J Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou J, Sun DQ, Targher G, Byrne D, Lee C, Hamaguchi BW. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease increases risk of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. eGastroenterology. 2023;1(1):e100005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/egastro-2023-100005.","journal-title":"eGastroenterology"},{"issue":"43","key":"1796_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9488","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i43.9488","volume":"22","author":"I Mikolasevic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mikolasevic I, Milic S, Turk Wensveen T, Grgic I, Jakopcic I, Stimac D, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - A multisystem disease? World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(43):9488\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v22.i43.9488.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1796_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marx-Sch\u00fctt K, Cherney DZI, Jankowski J, Matsushita K, Nardone M, Marx N. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. Eur Heart J 2025 Apr 8:ehaf167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf167","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf167"},{"issue":"11","key":"1796_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.325488","volume":"136","author":"H Noels","year":"2025","unstructured":"Noels H, van der Vorst EPC, Rubin S, Emmett A, Marx N, Tomaszewski M, et al. Renal-cardiac crosstalk in the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure. Circ Res. 2025;136(11):1306\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.124.325488.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"1796_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321752","volume":"132","author":"CCFMJ Baaten","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baaten CCFMJ, Vondenhoff S, Noels H. Endothelial cell dysfunction and increased cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic kidney disease. Circ Res. 2023;132(8):970\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321752.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"1796_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pasut A, Lama E, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Kroon J, Carmeliet P. Endothelial cell metabolism in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2025 May;9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-025-01162-x.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-025-01162-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043916","volume":"141","author":"NS Bajaj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bajaj NS, Singh A, Zhou W, Gupta A, Fujikura K, Byrne C, et al. Coronary microvascular dysfunction, left ventricular remodeling, and clinical outcomes in patients with chronic kidney impairment. Circulation. 2020;141(1):21\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043916.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"sfaf079","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf079","volume":"18","author":"RE Aylward","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aylward RE, Hayward S, Chesnaye NC, Janse RJ, Jonsson PA, Torino C, et al. Cardiometabolic protein expression levels and pathways associated with kidney function decline in older European adults with advanced kidney disease. Clin Kidney J. 2025;18(4):sfaf079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfaf079.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17040562","volume":"17","author":"M Marcuccilli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marcuccilli M, Chonchol M. NAFLD and chronic kidney disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(4):562. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms17040562.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.013","volume":"72","author":"CD Byrne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Byrne CD, Targher G. NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease. J Hepatol. 2020;72(4):785\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.013.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2022.01.008","volume":"26","author":"E Truong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truong E, Noureddin M. The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and kidney disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2022;26(2):213\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2022.01.008.","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101506","volume":"50","author":"J Bilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bilson J, Mantovani A, Byrne CD, Targher G. Steatotic liver disease, MASLD and risk of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Metab. 2024;50(1):101506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101506.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.12.005","volume":"10","author":"EM Boorsma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boorsma EM, Ter Maaten JM, Voors AA, van Veldhuisen DJ. Renal compression in heart failure: the renal tamponade hypothesis. JACC Heart Fail. 2022;10(3):175\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchf.2021.12.005.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"key":"1796_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2018.02.004","volume":"106","author":"CBA Restini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Restini CBA, Ismail A, Kumar RK, Burnett R, Garver H, Fink GD, et al. Renal perivascular adipose tissue: form and function. Vascul Pharmacol. 2018;106:37\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vph.2018.02.004.","journal-title":"Vascul Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1796_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/0003319718799967","volume":"70","author":"BX Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu BX, Sun W, Kong XQ. Perirenal fat: a unique fat pad and potential target for cardiovascular disease. Angiology. 2019;70(7):584\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0003319718799967.","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.157370","volume":"56","author":"HL Chughtai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chughtai HL, Morgan TM, Rocco M, Stacey B, Brinkley TE, Ding J, et al. Renal sinus fat and poor blood pressure control in middle-aged and elderly individuals at risk for cardiovascular events. Hypertension. 2010;56(5):901\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.157370.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"1796_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.11.002","volume":"13","author":"MV Irazabal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Irazabal MV, Eirin A. Role of renal sinus adipose tissue in obesity-induced renal injury. EBioMedicine. 2016;13:21\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.11.002.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1796_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707126","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.707126","volume":"12","author":"SH Hammoud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hammoud SH, AlZaim I, Al-Dhaheri Y, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Perirenal adipose tissue inflammation: novel insights linking metabolic dysfunction to renal diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:707126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.707126.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02210-4","volume":"7","author":"R Wagner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wagner R, Machann J, Guthoff M, Nawroth PP, Nadalin S, Saleem MA, et al. The protective effect of human renal sinus fat on glomerular cells is reversed by the hepatokine fetuin-A. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):2261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-02210-4.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30051-2","volume":"6","author":"E Ahlqvist","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahlqvist E, Storm P, K\u00e4r\u00e4j\u00e4m\u00e4ki A, Martinell M, Dorkhan M, Carlsson A, et al. Novel subgroups of adult-onset diabetes and their association with outcomes: a data-driven cluster analysis of six variables. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018;6(5):361\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(18)30051-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1796_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002654","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002654","volume":"15","author":"MS Udler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Udler MS, Kim J, von Grotthuss M, Bon\u00e0s-Guarch S, Cole JB, Chiou J, et al. Type 2 diabetes genetic loci informed by multi-trait associations point to disease mechanisms and subtypes: a soft clustering analysis. PLoS Med. 2018;15(9):e1002654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002654.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1116-9","volume":"27","author":"R Wagner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wagner R, Heni M, Tab\u00e1k AG, Machann J, Schick F, Randrianarisoa E, et al. Pathophysiology-based subphenotyping of individuals at elevated risk for type 2 diabetes. Nat Med. 2021;27(1):49\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-020-1116-9.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1796_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0025","volume":"30","author":"CM Valerio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valerio CM, Godoy-Matos A, Moreira RO, Carraro L, Guedes EP, Moises RS, et al. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry study of body composition in patients with lipodystrophy. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(7):1857\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc07-0025.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-5996-4-40","volume":"4","author":"CM Valerio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valerio CM, Zajdenverg L, de Oliveira JE, Mory PB, Moyses RS, Godoy-Matos AF. Body composition study by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in Familial partial lipodystrophy: finding new tools for an objective evaluation. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2012;4(1):40. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1758-5996-4-40.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x","volume":"13","author":"M Ashwell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S. Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2012;13(3):275\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"1796_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.2337\/db23-0575","volume":"73","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agrawal S, Luan J, Cummings BB, Weiss EJ, Wareham NJ, Khera AV. Relationship of fat mass ratio, a biomarker for lipodystrophy, with cardiometabolic traits. Diabetes. 2024;73(7):1099\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db23-0575.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1796_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J, IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome\u2013a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005 Sep 24\u201330;366(9491):1059-62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67402-8"},{"key":"1796_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111636","volume":"210","author":"M Bergman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bergman M, Tuomilehto J. International diabetes federation position statement on the 1-hour post-load plasma glucose for the diagnosis of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2024;210:111636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111636.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-024-01572-w","volume":"17","author":"M Rodacki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rodacki M, Zajdenverg L, Silva J\u00fanior WS, Giacaglia L, Negrato CA, Cobas RA, et al. Brazilian guideline for screening and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes: a position statement from the Brazilian diabetes society. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025;17(1):78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-024-01572-w.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.453","volume":"6","author":"G Cuatrecasas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cuatrecasas G, de Cabo F, Coves MJ, Patrascioiu I, Aguilar G, March S, et al. Ultrasound measures of abdominal fat layers correlate with metabolic syndrome features in patients with obesity. Obes Sci Pract. 2020;6(6):660\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/osp4.453.","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.3390\/kidneydial2030036","volume":"2","author":"M Pruijm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pruijm M, Aslam I, Milani B, Brito W, Burnier M, Selby NM, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose and predict the outcome of diabetic kidney disease\u2014where do we stand? Kidney Dialysis. 2022;2(3):407\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/kidneydial2030036.","journal-title":"Kidney Dialysis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1796_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112461","volume":"10","author":"JM Mora-Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mora-Guti\u00e9rrez JM, Fern\u00e1ndez-Seara MA, Echeverria-Chasco R, Garcia-Fernandez N. Perspectives on the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for noninvasive evaluation of diabetic kidney disease. J Clin Med. 2021;10(11):2461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10112461.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3390\/biom15020213","volume":"15","author":"N Theodorakis","year":"2025","unstructured":"Theodorakis N, Nikolaou M. From cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome to cardiovascular-renal-hepatic-metabolic syndrome: proposing an expanded framework. Biomolecules. 2025;15(2):213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom15020213.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T06:26:01Z","timestamp":1750055161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"references-count":129,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01796-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the authors approved this study for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AFG-M received grants from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, and Novo Nordisk. CMV received grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Eli Lilly, Libbs, Merck, PTC, and Novo Nordisk. WSSJ received grants from Abbott, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Libbs, Mantecorp, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Servier. JMA-N received grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biolab, Gilead, Mantecorp, and Novo Nordisk. ACS has no conflicts of interest to declare. JHRS has no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"218"}}