{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T01:23:33Z","timestamp":1792718613195,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetol Metab Syndr"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T14:31:08Z","timestamp":1761316268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health in patients with diabesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sameer Badri","family":"Al-Mhanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry A.","family":"Franklin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Tarnopolsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Jakicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Stamatakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda S.","family":"Pescatello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Riebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter R.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri R.","family":"Colberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Ehrman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George S.","family":"Metsios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen T.","family":"Douda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norsuhana","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah F.","family":"Alghannam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexios","family":"Batrakoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"1974_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306825","volume":"118","author":"SN Bhupathiraju","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhupathiraju SN, Hu FB. Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications. Circ Res. 2016;118(11):1723\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306825.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1974_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00465-5","volume":"18","author":"ACT Ng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ng ACT, Delgado V, Borlaug BA, Bax JJ. Diabesity: the combined burden of obesity and diabetes on heart disease and the role of imaging. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(4):291\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41569-020-00465-5.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e178","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab620","volume":"107","author":"J-J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J-J, Liu S, Wang J, Lee J, Tang JI-S, Gurung RL, et al. Risk of incident heart failure in individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. J Clinical Endocrinol & Metabolism. 2022;107(1):e178\u201387.","journal-title":"J Clinical Endocrinol & Metabolism."},{"issue":"11","key":"1974_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317240","volume":"126","author":"KJ Moore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moore KJ, Shah R. Introduction to the obesity, metabolic syndrome, and CVD compendium. Circ Res. 2020;126(11):1475\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.317240.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20514","volume":"22","author":"Z Pataky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pataky Z, Armand S, Muller-Pinget S, Golay A, Allet L. Effects of obesity on functional capacity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2014;22(1):56\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.20514.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1974_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1139\/h01-013","volume":"26","author":"DE Warburton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Warburton DE, Gledhill N, Quinney A. Musculoskeletal fitness and health. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(2):217\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/h01-013.","journal-title":"Can J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1974_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-023-01975-7","volume":"25","author":"A Haidar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haidar A, Horwich T. Obesity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2023;25(11):1565\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11886-023-01975-7.","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep"},{"key":"1974_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-018-0183-7","volume":"5","author":"K Do","year":"2018","unstructured":"Do K, Brown RE, Wharton S, Ardern CI, Kuk JL. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic risk factors in a population with mild to severe obesity. BMC Obes. 2018;5:5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40608-018-0183-7.","journal-title":"BMC Obes"},{"key":"1974_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph14040435","author":"M Tremmel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tremmel M, Gerdtham UG, Nilsson PM, Saha S. Economic burden of obesity: a systematic literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph14040435.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1974_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i4.396","volume":"14","author":"M Michaelidou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Michaelidou M, Pappachan JM, Jeeyavudeen MS. Management of diabesity: current concepts. World J Diabetes. 2023;14(4):396\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v14.i4.396.","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"11","key":"1974_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1728","volume":"39","author":"SR Colberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, et al. Physical activity\/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(11):2065\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc16-1728.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1974_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800","volume":"54","author":"JA Kanaley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanaley JA, Colberg SR, Corcoran MH, Malin SK, Rodriguez NR, Crespo CJ, et al. Exercise\/physical activity in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American College of Sports Medicine. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022;54(2):353\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000002800.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"7","key":"1974_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318820420","volume":"26","author":"H Kemps","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kemps H, Krankel N, Dorr M, Moholdt T, Wilhelm M, Paneni F, et al. Exercise training for patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: what to pursue and how to do it. A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019;26(7):709\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487318820420.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"1974_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108127","author":"T Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao T, Yang Q, Feuerbacher JF, Yu B, Brinkmann C, Cheng S, et al. Effects of exercise, metformin and their combination on glucose metabolism in individuals with abnormal glycaemic control: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108127.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1249\/FIT.0000000000001017","volume":"28","author":"AM Newsome","year":"2024","unstructured":"Newsome AM, Batrakoulis A, Camhi S, McAvoy C, Sansone J, Reed R. 2025 ACSM worldwide fitness trends: future directions of the health and fitness industry. ACSM\u2019s Health Fit J. 2024;28(6):11\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/FIT.0000000000001017.","journal-title":"ACSM's Health Fit J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1249\/fit.0000000000000703","volume":"25","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. High-intensity interval training in metabolic diseases: physiological adaptations. ACSMs Health Fit J. 2021;25(5):54\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/fit.0000000000000703.","journal-title":"ACSMs Health Fit J"},{"key":"1974_CR17","unstructured":"American College of Sports Medicine, Liguori G, Feito Y, Fountaine C, Roy BA. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health (2021)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.224725","volume":"590","author":"MJ Gibala","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ, Hawley JA. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol. 2012;590(5):1077\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.224725.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1974_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008243","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Metsios GS, Perivoliotis K, Liguori G, Feito Y, et al. Comparative Efficacy of 5 Exercise Types on Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 81 Randomized Controlled Trials. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.121.008243.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"4","key":"1974_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.7570\/jomes.2019.28.4.278","volume":"28","author":"KB Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KB, Kim K, Kim C, Kang SJ, Kim HJ, Yoon S, et al. Effects of exercise on the body composition and lipid profile of individuals with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obes Metab Syndr. 2019;28(4):278\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7570\/jomes.2019.28.4.278.","journal-title":"J Obes Metab Syndr"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"1974_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13269","volume":"22","author":"F Battista","year":"2021","unstructured":"Battista F, Ermolao A, van Baak MA, Beaulieu K, Blundell JE, Busetto L, et al. Effect of exercise on cardiometabolic health of adults with overweight or obesity: focus on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and intrahepatic fat-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2021;22(Suppl 4):e13269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13269.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"24","key":"1974_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World health organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000731","volume":"44","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Fatouros IG. Exercise and type II diabetes mellitus: a brief guide for exercise professionals. Strength Cond J. 2022;44(6):64\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/SSC.0000000000000731.","journal-title":"Strength Cond J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1974_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185","volume":"7","author":"A Jayedi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jayedi A, Soltani S, Emadi A, Zargar MS, Najafi A. Aerobic exercise and weight loss in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2452185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.52185.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281210","volume":"600","author":"A Sabag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabag A, Little JP, Johnson NA. Low-volume high-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health. J Physiol. 2022;600(5):1013\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP281210.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4106-1","volume":"60","author":"S Cassidy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cassidy S, Thoma C, Houghton D, Trenell MI. High-intensity interval training: a review of its impact on glucose control and cardiometabolic health. Diabetologia. 2017;60(1):7\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-016-4106-1.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-025-01909-z","volume":"17","author":"SB Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Mhanna SB, Poon ET, Franklin BA, Tarnopolsky MA, Hawley JA, Jakicic JM, et al. Comparative effectiveness of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on cardiometabolic health in patients with diabesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2025;17(1):331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01909-z.","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"1974_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mhanna SB, Le\u00e3o C, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamed M, Batrakoulis A, Afolabi HA, et al. Impact of Exercise on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Narrative Review. Ann Appl Sport Sci.12(1) (2024)","DOI":"10.61186\/aassjournal.1300"},{"key":"1974_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Mhanna SB, Wan Ghazali WS, Batrakoulis A, Alkhamees NH, Drenowatz C, Mohamed M, et al. Impact of Various Types of Exercise on Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Concurrent Overweight\/Obesity: A Narrative Review. Ann Appl Sport Sci. 12(1) (2024)","DOI":"10.61186\/aassjournal.1324"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00762-9","volume":"15","author":"T Ambelu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ambelu T, Teferi G. The impact of exercise modalities on blood glucose, blood pressure and body composition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023;15(1):153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-023-00762-9.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1974_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajmo.2023.100031","volume":"9","author":"USA Syeda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Syeda USA, Battillo D, Visaria A, Malin SK. The importance of exercise for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Medicine Open. 2023;9:100031. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajmo.2023.100031.","journal-title":"American Journal of Medicine Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"1974_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058162","volume":"146","author":"DH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee DH, Rezende LFM, Joh HK, Keum N, Ferrari G, Rey-Lopez JP, et al. Long-term leisure-time physical activity intensity and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a prospective cohort of US adults. Circulation. 2022;146(7):523\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058162.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1974_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.02.001","volume":"70","author":"A Sabbahi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sabbahi A, Canada JM, Babu AS, Severin R, Arena R, Ozemek C. Exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation: setting the right intensity for optimal benefit. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;70:58\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2022.02.001.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1974_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05958-9","volume":"66","author":"Y Kobayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kobayashi Y, Long J, Dan S, Johannsen NM, Talamoa R, Raghuram S, et al. Strength training is more effective than aerobic exercise for improving glycaemic control and body composition in people with normal-weight type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2023;66(10):1897\u2013907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-023-05958-9.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"1974_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.02.014","volume":"121","author":"GA Kelley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Public Health. 2007;121(9):643\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhe.2007.02.014.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"1974_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2385","volume":"162","author":"B Hutton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hutton B, Salanti G, Caldwell DM, Chaimani A, Schmid CH, Cameron C, et al. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(11):777\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M14-2385.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1974_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"J Higgins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page M, et al. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd ed. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons; 2019.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1002","key":"1974_CR38","first-page":"14651858","volume":"4","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. John Wiley & Sons. 2019;4(1002):14651858.","journal-title":"John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"1974_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JP, Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. (2008)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"1974_CR40","unstructured":"GRADEpro G. Computer program on www. gradepro. org. Version [July, 2016] McMaster University. (2014)"},{"issue":"7109","key":"1974_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","volume":"315","author":"M Egger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315(7109):629\u201334.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1974_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borenstein M. Comprehensive meta\u2010analysis software. Systematic reviews in health research meta\u2010analysis in context.535\u201348. (2022)","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119099369.ch27"},{"issue":"2","key":"1974_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0658","volume":"36","author":"K Karstoft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karstoft K, Winding K, Knudsen SH, Nielsen JS, Thomsen C, Pedersen BK, et al. The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36(2):228\u201336.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1974_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.06.019","volume":"320","author":"KL Way","year":"2020","unstructured":"Way KL, Sabag A, Sultana RN, Baker MK, Keating SE, Lanting S, et al. The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Cardiol. 2020;320:148\u201354.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13198","volume":"20","author":"KM Winding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Winding KM, Munch GW, Iepsen UW, Van Hall G, Pedersen BK, Mortensen SP. The effect on glycaemic control of low-volume high-intensity interval training versus endurance training in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018;20(5):1131\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1974_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13551","volume":"21","author":"JP Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2019","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es JP, J\u00fadice PB, Ribeiro R, Andrade R, Raposo J, Dores H, et al. Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training combined with resistance training versus continuous moderate-intensity training combined with resistance training in patients with type 2 diabetes: a one-year randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019;21(3):550\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.13551.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2010.544666","volume":"29","author":"K Backx","year":"2011","unstructured":"Backx K, McCann A, Wasley D, Dunseath G, Luzio S, Owens D. The effect of a supported exercise programme in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(6):579\u201386.","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"1974_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3741-2","volume":"59","author":"S Cassidy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cassidy S, Thoma C, Hallsworth K, Parikh J, Hollingsworth KG, Taylor R, et al. High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2016;59:56\u201366.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-005-0040-5","volume":"95","author":"G O\u2019Donovan","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Donovan G, Kearney EM, Nevill AM, Woolf-May K, Bird SR. The effects of 24 weeks of moderate-or high-intensity exercise on insulin resistance. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;95(5):522\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001897","volume":"51","author":"GA Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson GA, Wilkins GT, Cotter JD, Lamberts RR, Lal S, Baldi JC. HIIT improves left ventricular exercise response in adults with type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1099\u2013105.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00952.2020","volume":"130","author":"N Gildea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gildea N, McDermott A, Rocha J, O\u2019Shea D, Green S, Ega\u00f1a M. Time-course of V\u0307o2 kinetics responses during moderate-intensity exercise subsequent to HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous training in type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol. 2021;130(6):1646\u201359.","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"1974_CR52","unstructured":"Ahmed AS. Effect of high intensity interval training on heart rate variability and aerobic capacity in obese adults with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biosci Res. (2019)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2019.107469","volume":"34","author":"A Ghardashi-Afousi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghardashi-Afousi A, Davoodi M, Keshtkar-Hesamabadi B, Asvadi-Fard M, Bigi MAB, Izadi MR, et al. Improved carotid intima-media thickness-induced high-intensity interval training associated with decreased serum levels of Dkk-1 and sclerostin in type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2020;34(1):107469.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"10","key":"1974_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2023.2167238","volume":"23","author":"G Findikoglu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Findikoglu G, Altinkapak A, Yaylali GF. Is isoenergetic high-intensity interval exercise superior to moderate-intensity continuous exercise for cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus? A single-blinded randomized controlled study. Eur J Sport Sci. 2023;23(10):2086\u201397.","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1974_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2023.08.003","volume":"21","author":"AM Ahmad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmad AM, Mahmoud AM, Serry ZH, Mohamed MM, Abd Elghaffar HA. Effects of low-versus high-volume high-intensity interval training on glycemic control and quality of life in obese women with type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2023;21(4):395\u2013404.","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-024-04698-8","volume":"24","author":"MM Ghahfarrokhi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghahfarrokhi MM, Shirvani H, Rahimi M, Bazgir B, Shamsadini A, Sobhani V. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of different intensities of functional training in elderly type 2 diabetes patients with cognitive impairment: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Geriatr. 2024;24(1):71.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1974_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.12112","volume":"24","author":"W Mitranun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitranun W, Deerochanawong C, Tanaka H, Suksom D. Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro-and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2014;24(2):e69\u201376.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"09","key":"1974_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-104935","volume":"37","author":"C Alvarez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martinez-Salazar C, Mancilla R, Flores-Opazo M, Cano-Montoya J, et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training as a therapy for type 2 diabetes. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(09):723\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR59","volume":"2022","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Cheng W, Ma H. A comparative study of health efficacy indicators in subjects with T2DM applying power cycling to 12 weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training. J Diabetes Res. 2022;2022(1):9273830.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1974_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2018.12.013","volume":"116","author":"C-L Hwang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hwang C-L, Lim J, Yoo J-K, Kim H-K, Hwang M-H, Handberg EM, et al. Effect of all-extremity high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on aerobic fitness in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol. 2019;116:46\u201353.","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1974_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087005","volume":"103","author":"A Ghardashi Afousi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghardashi Afousi A, Izadi MR, Rakhshan K, Mafi F, Biglari S, Gandomkar Bagheri H. Improved brachial artery shear patterns and increased flow-mediated dilatation after low-volume high-intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes. Exp Physiol. 2018;103(9):1264\u201376.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1974_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2008.01.010","volume":"34","author":"JF Brun","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brun JF, Bordenave S, Mercier J, Jaussent A, Picot MC, Pr\u00e9faut C. Cost-sparing effect of twice-weekly targeted endurance training in type 2 diabetics: a one-year controlled randomized trial. Diabetes Metab. 2008;34(3):258\u201365.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-6-200709180-00005","volume":"147","author":"RJ Sigal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Boul\u00e9 NG, Wells GA, Prud\u2019homme D, Fortier M, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147(6):357\u201369.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1974_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.5604\/20831862.990466","volume":"29","author":"A Yavari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yavari A, Najafipoor F, Aliasgarzadeh A, Niafar M, Mobasseri M. Effect of aerobic exercise, resistance training or combined training on glycaemic control and cardio-vascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. Biol Sport. 2012;29(2):135\u201343.","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"1974_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JP. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.0. 1. The Cochrane Collaboration. https:\/\/www.cochrane.org\/authors\/handbooks-and-manuals\/handbook (2008)","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470712184"},{"key":"1974_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1294362","volume":"14","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Cheng R, Xie L, Hu F. Comparative efficacy of exercise training modes on systemic metabolic health in adults with overweight and obesity: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1294362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2023.1294362.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12532","volume":"18","author":"M Wewege","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wewege M, van den Berg R, Ward RE, Keech A. The effects of high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training on body composition in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2017;18(6):635\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12532.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"1974_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108947","author":"SB Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Mhanna SB, Franklin BA, Jakicic JM, Stamatakis E, Pescatello LS, Riebe D, et al. Impact of resistance training on cardiometabolic health-related indices in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108947.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1974_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1996","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00020","volume":"34","author":"SG Trost","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Brown W. Correlates of adults\u2019 participation in physical activity: review and update. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2002;34(12):1996\u20132001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200212000-00020.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1974_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/868305","volume":"2011","author":"SH Boutcher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes. 2011;2011:868305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/868305.","journal-title":"J Obes"},{"key":"1974_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105782","volume":"171","author":"E Lazzaroni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lazzaroni E, Ben Nasr M, Loretelli C, Pastore I, Plebani L, Lunati ME, et al. Anti-diabetic drugs and weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes. Pharmacol Res. 2021;171:105782. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105782.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102-023-00766-5","volume":"15","author":"SB Al-Mhanna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Mhanna SB, Rocha-Rodriguesc S, Mohamed M, Batrakoulis A, Aldhahi MI, Afolabi HA, et al. Effects of combined aerobic exercise and diet on cardiometabolic health in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023;15(1):165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13102-023-00766-5.","journal-title":"BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"7","key":"1974_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare13070776","volume":"13","author":"M Khalafi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khalafi M, Kheradmand S, Habibi Maleki A, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK, Batrakoulis A. The effects of concurrent training versus aerobic or resistance training alone on body composition in middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Healthcare. 2025;13(7):776. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare13070776.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"1974_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.19537","volume":"13","author":"SB Al-Mhanna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Mhanna SB, Alghannam AF, Alkhamees NH, Sheeha BB, Omar N, Albalawi H, et al. Impact of concurrent aerobic and resistance training on body composition, lipid metabolism and physical function in patients with type 2 diabetes and overweight\/obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2025;13:e19537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.19537.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1974_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2023-0329","volume":"49","author":"M Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin M, Li H, Bai M, Liu H, Chen Z, Deng J, et al. Is low-volume high-intensity interval training a time-efficient strategy to improve cardiometabolic health and body composition? A meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2024;49(3):273\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1139\/apnm-2023-0329.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"21","key":"1974_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108481","volume":"58","author":"ET Poon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poon ET, Wongpipit W, Li HY, Wong SH, Siu PM, Kong AP, et al. High-intensity interval training for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Sports Med. 2024;58(21):1267\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2024-108481.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1974_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095841","volume":"51","author":"RB Batacan Jr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Batacan RB Jr, Duncan MJ, Dalbo VJ, Tucker PS, Fenning AS. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(6):494\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-095841.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1974_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-017-0807-y","volume":"48","author":"F Maillard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maillard F, Pereira B, Boisseau N. Effect of high-intensity interval training on total, abdominal and visceral fat mass: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(2):269\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-017-0807-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1113\/JP276849","volume":"598","author":"MJ Gibala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gibala MJ, Little JP. Physiological basis of brief vigorous exercise to improve health. J Physiol. 2020;598(1):61\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP276849.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1974_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2941","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa345","volume":"105","author":"BJ Ryan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ryan BJ, Schleh MW, Ahn C, Ludzki AC, Gillen JB, Varshney P, et al. Moderate-Intensity Exercise and High-Intensity Interval Training Affect Insulin Sensitivity Similarly in Obese Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(8):e2941\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa345.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1974_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0496-y","volume":"46","author":"KA Murach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murach KA, Bagley JR. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy with concurrent exercise training: contrary evidence for an interference effect. Sports Med. 2016;46(8):1029\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-016-0496-y.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1974_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12317","volume":"16","author":"C Jelleyman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jelleyman C, Yates T, O\u2019Donovan G, Gray LJ, King JA, Khunti K, et al. The effects of high-intensity interval training on glucose regulation and insulin resistance: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2015;16(11):942\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.12317.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1974_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.04.001","volume":"18","author":"HE Bays","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bays HE, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC, Toth PP, Morgan RT, Tondt J, et al. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: a joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(3):e320\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2024.04.001.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-024-02115-z","volume":"55","author":"NA Smart","year":"2025","unstructured":"Smart NA, Downes D, van der Touw T, Hada S, Dieberg G, Pearson MJ, et al. The effect of exercise training on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2025;55(1):67\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40279-024-02115-z.","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01136-y","volume":"19","author":"JP Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es JP, Santos DA, Correia IR, Hetherington-Rauth M, Ribeiro R, Raposo JF, et al. Impact of combined training with different exercise intensities on inflammatory and lipid markers in type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis from a 1-year randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2020;19(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"1974_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10101601","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Draganidis D, Georgakouli K, Tsimeas P, Poulios A, et al. Hybrid neuromuscular training improves cardiometabolic health and alters redox status in inactive overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial. Antioxidants. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox10101601.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"4","key":"1974_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040107","volume":"10","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A. Psychophysiological adaptations to yoga practice in overweight and obese individuals: a topical review. Dis. 2022;10(4):107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases10040107.","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"1974_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases10040071","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A. Psychophysiological adaptations to Pilates training in overweight and obese individuals: a topical review. Dis. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases10040071.","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"1974_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases11010001","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A. Role of mind\u2013body fitness in obesity. Diseases. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases11010001.","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.14652","volume":"34","author":"ET Poon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poon ET, Li HY, Gibala MJ, Wong SH, Ho RS. High-intensity interval training and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024;34(5):e14652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.14652.","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"50","key":"1974_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032246","volume":"101","author":"L Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li L, Liu X, Shen F, Xu N, Li Y, Xu K, et al. Effects of high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101(50):e32246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000032246.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1974_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-0981-z","volume":"18","author":"R Ramirez-Velez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramirez-Velez R, Hernandez-Quinones PA, Tordecilla-Sanders A, Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M, et al. Effectiveness of HIIT compared to moderate continuous training in improving vascular parameters in inactive adults. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-019-0981-z.","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1974_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-019-0392-6","volume":"43","author":"T Clark","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clark T, Morey R, Jones MD, Marcos L, Ristov M, Ram A, et al. High-intensity interval training for reducing blood pressure: a randomized trial vs. moderate-intensity continuous training in males with overweight or obesity. Hypertens Res. 2020;43(5):396\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-019-0392-6.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1974_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.029","volume":"159","author":"JA Hawley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawley JA, Hargreaves M, Joyner MJ, Zierath JR. Integrative biology of exercise. Cell. 2014;159(4):738\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2014.10.029.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1974_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100386","volume":"15","author":"A Batrakoulis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Batrakoulis A, Fatouros IG, Chatzinikolaou A, Draganidis D, Georgakouli K, Papanikolaou K, et al. Dose-response effects of high-intensity interval neuromuscular exercise training on weight loss, performance, health and quality of life in inactive obese adults: study rationale, design and methods of the DoIT trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019;15:100386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conctc.2019.100386.","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials Commun"},{"issue":"7","key":"1974_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1113\/EP086844","volume":"103","author":"CE Fealy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fealy CE, Nieuwoudt S, Foucher JA, Scelsi AR, Malin SK, Pagadala M, et al. Functional high-intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Exp Physiol. 2018;103(7):985\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP086844.","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"1974_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sports7020051","author":"Y Feito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feito Y, Patel P, Sal Redondo A, Heinrich KM. Effects of eight weeks of high intensity functional training on glucose control and body composition among overweight and obese adults. Sports. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports7020051.","journal-title":"Sports"},{"issue":"8","key":"1974_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.01.008","volume":"123","author":"JC Quindry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Quindry JC, Franklin BA, Chapman M, Humphrey R, Mathis S. Benefits and risks of high-intensity interval training in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 2019;123(8):1370\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.01.008.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1974_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2021.12.005","volume":"70","author":"BA Franklin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Franklin BA, Quindry J. High level physical activity in cardiac rehabilitation: implications for exercise training and leisure-time pursuits. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2022;70:22\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2021.12.005.","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"}],"container-title":["Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T14:31:13Z","timestamp":1761316273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dmsjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1974"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-025-01974-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1758-5996"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1758-5996","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not commissioned; externally peer-reviewed.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Provenance and peer review"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Patient consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"406"}}