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Individual fresh stool samples were collected and subsequently diluted in phosphate buffered saline as described previously. The diluted fecal samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1\u00a0mg\/l cefotaxime and incubated for 20\u00a0h at 37\u00a0\u00b0C. Matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2013time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI\u2013TOF\u2013MS) was used for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on an Illumina Novaseq-6000 platform. Acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid replicons were detected using ResFinder 4.1 and PlasmidFinder 1.3, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of 277\n                      <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      genomes was also performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Isolate FF141 was identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Citrobacter cronae<\/jats:italic>\n                      while isolate FF371, isolate FF414, and isolate FF423 were identified as\n                      <jats:italic>Citrobacter braakii.<\/jats:italic>\n                      Of these, three\n                      <jats:italic>C. braakii<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were further confirmed to be extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL)-producer. All isolates are all multidrug resistance (MDR) with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Plasmid of pKPC-CAV1321 belong to incompatibility (Inc) group. Comparative genomics analysis of\n                      <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates generated a large core-genome. Genetic diversity was observed in our bacterial collection, which clustered into five main clades. Human, environmental and animal\n                      <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were distributed into five clusters.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of MDR-\n                      <jats:italic>Citrobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      from Fennec Fox. Our phenotypic and genomic data further underscore the threat of increased ESBL prevalence in wildlife and emphasize that increased effort should be committed to monitoring the potentially rapid dissemination of ESBL-producers with one health perspective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-021-00458-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T07:32:47Z","timestamp":1634110367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Comparative genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains in Fennec fox imported to China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yishu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aifang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peipei","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-2180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"458_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.10.031","volume":"26","author":"WV Kern","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kern WV, Rieg S. 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