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Given that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in cholesterol metabolism, we compared the differences in gut microbial diversity and composition between HBV-infected and uninfected subjects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A prospective case\u2013control study was designed comprising healthy controls (group A) and HBV-infected individuals (group B) in a 1:1 ratio (57 participants each; total\u2009=\u2009114). The patients in group B were divided into two subgroups according to their HBV DNA loads: B1\u2009&lt;\u20092000\u00a0IU\/mL (N\u2009=\u200940) and B2\u2009\u2265\u20092000\u00a0IU\/mL (N\u2009=\u200917). In a pairwise comparison of HBV-infected individuals and controls, higher alpha diversity was noted in group B, and the difference was significant only in patients in group B1. <jats:italic>Alloprevotella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Eubacterium coprostanoligenes<\/jats:italic> were predominant in group B1 compared to the control, whereas the abundance of <jats:italic>Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotella 2<\/jats:italic> was lower.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The gut microbiome in HBV-infected individuals with a low viral load is highly diverse and is dominated by specific taxa involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a correlation between the presence of certain bacterial taxa and chronic HBV infection depending on the load of HBV DNA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-021-00461-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]],"date-time":"2021-10-30T18:03:09Z","timestamp":1635616989000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Relationship between gut microbiome diversity and hepatitis B viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Eun-Jeong","family":"Joo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hae Suk","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Jung","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7053-7469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Na","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Kyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13014","volume":"26","author":"EJ Joo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Joo EJ, Chang Y, Yeom JS, Cho YK, Ryu S. 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All study participants provided written informed consent to participate in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"65"}}