{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:50:40Z","timestamp":1785819040101,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00645-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T14:01:46Z","timestamp":1727618506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Toxoplasma Gondii in humans, animals and in the environment in Morocco: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Ilham","family":"Atif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oulaid","family":"Touloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samia","family":"Boussaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-077X(05)80613-4","volume":"23","author":"JA Nicolas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Nicolas JA, Pestre-Alexandre M. Toxoplasmose: une zoonose transmissible \u00e0 L\u2019homme. Med Mal Infect. 1993;23(1):129\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0399-077X(05)80613-4.","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"645_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Djurkovi\u0107-Djakovi\u0107 O, Dupouy-Camet J, Van der Giessen J, Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis: Overview from a One Health perspective. Food Waterborne Parasitol.2019; 15: 12\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00054"},{"key":"645_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.06.002","volume":"38","author":"A Kijlstra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kijlstra A, Jongert E. Control of the risk of human toxoplasmosis transmitted by meat. Int J Parasitol. 2008;38:1359\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.06.002.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"645_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hussain MA, Stitt V, Szabo EA, Nelan B. Toxoplasma Gondii in the food supply. Pathogens. 2017;6(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens6020021.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens6020021"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12656","volume":"67","author":"LA De Wit","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Wit LA, Kilpatrick AM, VanWormer E, Croll DA, Tershy BR, Kim M, Shapiro K. Seasonal and spatial variation in Toxoplasma gondii contamination in soil in uRban public spaces in California, United States. Zoonoses Public Health. 2020;67(1):70\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/zph.12656.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"645_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpp.2020.04.005","volume":"60","author":"SA Chaudhry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chaudhry SA, Gad N, Koren G. Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy. Can Fam Physician. 2014;60(5):334\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpp.2020.04.005.","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38270-y","volume":"3","author":"M Rzad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rzad M, Kanecki k, Lewtak k, Gory\u0144ski P, Tyszko P, Lewandowska Andruszuk I, Nitsch Osuch A. Congenital toxoplasmosis among hospitalized infants in Poland in the years 2007\u20132021: study based on the national hospital registry. Sci Rep. 2023;3(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-38270-y.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"645_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Markovi\u0107-Deni\u0107 L, Stopi\u00b4 M, Bobi\u00b4 B, Nikoli\u00b4 V. Jovanovi\u00b4 Srzenti\u00b4 S and \u0160tajner T. Factors Associated with Toxoplasma Gondii Seroprevalence in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study in Belgrade, Serbia. Pathogens. 2023;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens12101240.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101240"},{"issue":"3","key":"645_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05486-11","volume":"19","author":"M Sakikawa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sakikawa M, Noda S, Hanaoka M, Nakayama H, Hojo S, Kakinoki S, Nakata M, Yasuda T, Ikenoue T, Kojima T. Anti-Toxoplasma antibody prevalence, primary infection rate, and risk factors in a study of toxoplasmosis in 4,466 pregnant women in Japan. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2012;19(3):365\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/CVI.05486-11.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"645_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhou H. Moving towards improved vaccines for Toxoplasma Gondii. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2018;18(3):273\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14712598.2018.1413086.","DOI":"10.1080\/14712598.2018.1413086"},{"issue":"7","key":"645_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254209","volume":"16","author":"TT Dasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dasa TT, Geta TG, Yalew AZ, Abebe RM, Kele HU. Toxoplasmosis infection among pregnant women in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(7):1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0254209.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"645_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/1808-1657000022016","volume":"84","author":"TF Feitosa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Feitosa TF, de Lima Brasil AW, Parentoni RN, Vilela VLR, Nety TFL, de Jesus Pena HF. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in mammals, birds and reptiles at the zoological-botanical park in Jo\u00e3o Pessoa, Para\u00edba. Brazil Arq Inst Biol (Sao Paulo). 2018;84:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1808-1657000022016.","journal-title":"Brazil Arq Inst Biol (Sao Paulo)"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-0901-7","volume":"8","author":"EZ Gebremedhin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gebremedhin EZ, Tadesse G. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in animals and humans in Ethiopia. Parasites Vectors. 2015;8(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-015-0901-7.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"3","key":"645_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.5152\/actavet.2022.21065","volume":"48","author":"AA Abdullah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdullah AA, AHMED M, Idowu BELLOI, TAWOR A, OSMAN AHMED A, KHIDER M, ELDUMA AH. Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in domestic animals in Sudan: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Acta Vet Eurasia. 2022;48(3):216\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/actavet.2022.21065.","journal-title":"Acta Vet Eurasia"},{"key":"645_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030517","volume":"10","author":"NM L\u00f3pez Ure\u00f1a","year":"2022","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez Ure\u00f1a NM, Chaudhry U, Calero Bernal R, Cano Alsua S, Messina D, Evangelista F, Betson M, Lalle M, Jokelainen P, Ortega Mora LM. Contamination of Soil, Water, Fresh produce and Bivalve mollusks with Toxoplasma Gondii oocysts: a systematic review. Microorganisms. 2022;10:1\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms10030517.","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"645_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.11.001","volume":"51","author":"NC Smith","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith NC, Goulart C, Hayward JA, Kupz A, Miller CM, Van Dooren GG. Control of human toxoplasmosis. Int J Parasitol. 2021;51(2\u20133):95\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2020.11.001.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"645_CR17","unstructured":"High Planning Commission (HCP). Morocco by numbers 2023. www.hcp.ma. Accessed on January 23, 2024."},{"issue":"S1","key":"645_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E855","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.6734","volume":"41","author":"F Driouech","year":"2021","unstructured":"Driouech F, Stafi F, Khouakhi A, Moutia S, Badi W, ElRhaz K, Chehbouni A. Recent observed country-wide climate trends in Morocco. Int J Climatol. 2021;41(S1):E855\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/joc.6734.","journal-title":"Int J Climatol"},{"key":"645_CR19","unstructured":"HCP, Annuaire Statistique Du M. 2022: 1-680. www.hcp.ma. Accessed on July 11, 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2024.0296","volume":"75","author":"M Mziwira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mziwira M, Elfane H, El-Jamal S, Barakat I, Sahel K, Kalili A, Moustakim R, El-Ouafi R, El-Mahri N, Naciri K, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in two Moroccan populations living at different distances from the Mediterranean Sea. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2024;75(1):45\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32394\/rpzh.2024.0296.","journal-title":"Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19335-7","volume":"24","author":"Z Hindi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hindi Z, Belfakira C, Lafram A, Bikri S, Benayad A, EL Bilali H, Gjedsted B\u00fcgel S, Srednicka-Tober D, Pugliese P, Strassner C, et al. Exploring food consumption patterns in the province of Kenitra, Northwest of Morocco. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19335-7.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","volume":"4","author":"D Moher","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, Shekelle P, Stewart LA. P.-P. G. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4(1):2\u20139.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.02.070","volume":"123","author":"A Addebbous","year":"2012","unstructured":"Addebbous A, Adarmouch L, Tali A, Laboudi M, Amine M, Aajlyd L, Rhajaoui M, Chabaa L, Zougaghi L. IgG anti-toxoplasma antibodies among asymptomatic HIV-infected patients in Marrakesh-Morocco. Acta Trop. 2012;123(1):49\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2012.02.070.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"645_CR24","first-page":"289","volume":"1","author":"B El Mansouri","year":"2007","unstructured":"El Mansouri B, Rhajaoui M, Sebti F, Amarir F, Laboudi M, Bchitou R, Hamad M, Lyagoubi M. S\u00e9ropr\u00e9valence de la toxoplasmose chez la femme enceinte dans la ville de Rabat Au Maroc. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2007;1:289\u201390.","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v20i1.10","volume":"20","author":"L Hoummadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoummadi L, Berrouch S, Amraouza Y, Adel A, Mriouch M, Soraa N, Jahiri Y, El Zoughari L, Benbouzid A, Miss EM, Moutaj R, Hafid J. Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women of the marrakech-safi region, Morocco. Afr Health Sci. 2020;20(1):59\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ahs.v20i1.10.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"645_CR26","unstructured":"Laboudi M, El Mansouri B, Rhajaoui M. The role of the parity and the age in acquisition of toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Rabat - Morocco., Int. J. Innov. Appl. Stud., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 488\u2013492, 2014, [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.ijias.issr-journals.org\/abstract.php?article=IJIAS-14-105-01"},{"key":"645_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.04.008","volume":"172","author":"M Laboudi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laboudi M, Sadak A. Serodiagnosis of Toxoplasmosis: the effect of measurement of IgG avidity in pregnant women in Rabat in Morocco. Acta Trop. 2017;172:139\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.04.008.","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"645_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tlamcani Z, Yahyaoui G, Mahmoud M. Prevalence of immunity to toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in UniversityHospital center Hassan II of FEZ city (Morocco). Acta Med Int. 2017;4(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5530\/ami.2017.4.8.","DOI":"10.5530\/ami.2017.4.8"},{"key":"645_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ouzennou N, Boussaa S, Ben Alla S, Boumezzough A. Observational study to assess pregnant women\u2019s knowledge and behaviour related to toxoplasmosis in Essaouira province, Morocco. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 2019;12(2):87\u201390, 2019, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1995-7645.250842","DOI":"10.4103\/1995-7645.250842"},{"key":"645_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laboudi M, Taghy Z, Duieb O, Peyron F, Sadak A. Toxoplasma Gondii seroprevalence among pregnant women in Rabat, Morocco. Trop Med Health. 2021;49(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41182-021-00311-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00311-5"},{"key":"645_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2022.04.841","volume":"530","author":"I Naji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naji I, Elmezgueldi I, Naili A, Sebbar E, Hami A, Choukri M. The serological profile of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women: experience of the central laboratory of Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda. Clin Chim Acta. 2022;530:S321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2022.04.841.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2009161071","volume":"16","author":"M Laboudi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laboudi M, El Mansouri B, Sebti F, Amarir F, Coppieters Y, Rhajaoui M. Facteurs De risque d\u2019une s\u00e9rologie toxoplasmique positive Chez La Femme Enceinte Au Maroc. Parasite. 2009;16(1):71\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1051\/parasite\/2009161071.","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.1948359","volume":"10","author":"B El Mansouri","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Mansouri B, Amarir F, Peyron F, Adlaoui EB, Piarroux R, Lykins J, El Abbassi M, Nekkal N, Bouhlal N, Makkaoui K, et al. High performance of a novel point-of-care blood test for Toxoplasma infection in women from diverse regions of Morocco. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021;10(1):1675\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/22221751.2021.1948359.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10474-9","volume":"21","author":"S Ait Hamou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ait Hamou S, Laboudi M. An analytical study on the awareness and practice relating toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10474-9.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"645_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laboudi M, Ait Hamou S, Mansour I, Hilmi I, Sadak A. The first report of the evaluation of the knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis among health professionals in public health centers in Rabat, Morocco. Trop Med Health. 2020;48(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41182-020-00208-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-020-00208-9"},{"issue":"9","key":"645_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12570","volume":"40","author":"LX Piao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Piao LX, Cheng JH, Aosai F, Zhao XD, Norose K, Jin XJ. Cellular immunopathogenesis in primary Toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy. Parasite Immunol. 2018;40(9):0\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pim.12570.","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"645_CR37","first-page":"164","volume":"22","author":"BS Benjelloun Dakhama","year":"2000","unstructured":"Benjelloun Dakhama BS, El Harim Roudies L, Regragui A, Assermouh A, Mahraoui C, Jorio M. El Malki Tazi A. congenital toxoplasmosis (about 4 cases). Mar Med. 2000;22(3):164\u2013200.","journal-title":"Mar Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"645_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.002","volume":"203","author":"A Berr\u00e9bi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berr\u00e9bi A, Assouline C, Bessi\u00e8res MH, Lathi\u00e8re M, Cassaing S, Minville V, Ayoubi JM. Long-term outcome of children with congenital toxoplasmosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010;203(6):e5521\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.06.002.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"645_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.15358\/0344-1369_2013_1_3","volume":"35","author":"M El Khaoua","year":"2013","unstructured":"El Khaoua M, Elyamouni O, Abdallah E, Berraho A. Toxoplasmose oculaire. Mar Med. 2013;35:3.","journal-title":"Mar Med"},{"key":"645_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2013.16.118.3182","volume":"16","author":"Z Hafidi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hafidi Z, Daoudi R. Branch retinal vein occlusion with sectoral cystoid macular edema in toxoplasmic chorioretinitis. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;16:118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2013.16.118.3182.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"645_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmicm1306819","volume":"370","author":"Z Hafidi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hafidi Z, Daoudi R, Chorioretinal Toxoplasmosis. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(4):361\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmicm1306819.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfo.2017.04.018","volume":"41","author":"T Abdellaoui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abdellaoui T, Laaribi N, Ajhoun Y, Zerrouk R, Elasri F, Reda K, Oubaaz A. Large macular scar secondary to congenital toxoplasmosis. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2017;41(1):93. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfo.2017.04.018.","journal-title":"J Fr Ophtalmol"},{"key":"645_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1773-035X(16)30376-8","volume":"487","author":"T Lahoucine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lahoucine T, Idalene M, Ihbibane F, Tassi N. La toxoplasmose c\u00e9r\u00e9brale chez les patients infect\u00e9s par Le virus de l\u2019immunod\u00e9ficience humaine Au Maroc. Rev Francoph Des Lab. 2016;487:78\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1773-035X(16)30376-8.","journal-title":"Rev Francoph Des Lab"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3166\/bspe-2018-0004","volume":"11","author":"M El Fane","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Fane M, Sodqi M, Lamdini H, Marih L, Oulad Lahsen A, Chakib A, El Marhoum K. Central neurological diagnosis in patients infected with HIV in the infectious diseases unit of University Hospital of Casablanca, Morocco. Bull la Soc Pathol Exot. 2018;11(1):24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3166\/bspe-2018-0004.","journal-title":"Bull la Soc Pathol Exot"},{"issue":"12","key":"645_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1024\/0036-7281.146.12.561","volume":"146","author":"I Belbacha","year":"2004","unstructured":"Belbacha I, Hafid J, Tran Manh Sung R, Flori P, Raberin H, Aboufatima R, Regragui A, Dalal A, Chait A. Toxoplasma Gondii: Taux De Portage Chez les ovins de la r\u00e9gion de Marrakech (Mnabha). Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. 2004;146(12):561\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1024\/0036-7281.146.12.561.","journal-title":"Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"645_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.025","volume":"130","author":"P Sawadogo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sawadogo P, Hafid J, Bellete B, Tran Manh Sung R, Chakdi M, Flori P, Raberin H, Bent Hamouni I, Chait A, Dalal A. Seroprevalence of T. Gondii in sheep from Marrakech. Morocco Vet Parasitol. 2005;130(1\u20132):89\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.03.025.","journal-title":"Morocco Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20136","key":"645_CR47","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"E Essayagh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Essayagh E, Essayagh M, Khallayoune K, Essayagh S, Lmimouni B. Seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in ruminants in Morocco. Vet Res. 2017;10(1\u20136):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.12834\/VetIt.389.1814.1","volume":"51","author":"A Benkirane","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benkirane A, Essamkaoui S, El Idrissi A, Lucchese L, Natale A. Indagine Sierologica sulle pi\u00f9 comuni cause di aborto infettivo nei piccoli ruminanti in Marocco. Vet Ital. 2015;51(1):25\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12834\/VetIt.389.1814.1.","journal-title":"Vet Ital"},{"key":"645_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Escotte-binet S, Amraouza Y, Flori P, Villena I, Hafid J. Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma Gondii detection in fresh vegetables consumed in Marrakech, Morocco. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20(4).","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v20i4.19"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z","volume":"67","author":"S Berrouch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Escotte-Binet S, Atika Madline A, Aubert D, Nast E, La Carbona S, Hoummadi L, Hafid J. Villena I. Protozoan parasites and Leafy Greens in Marrakech: study of occurrence using a molecular Method. Acta Parasitol. 2022;67(1):546\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11686-021-00488-z.","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04040-252","volume":"13","author":"CS Marques","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marques CS, Sousa S, Castro A, Da Costa JMC. Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii oocysts in fresh vegetables and berry fruits. Parasites Vectors. 2020;13(1):1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13071-020-04040-252.","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1654\/1525-2647-87.1.99","volume":"87","author":"S Berrouch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Ajgoune H, Hoummadi L, Amraouza Y, Maarouf A, Boularbah A, Admou B, Hafid J. First Investigation of the occurrence of Toxoplasma Gondii oocysts in Urban Soil in Marrakesh, Morocco. Comp Parasitol. 2020;87(1):99\u2013102.","journal-title":"Comp Parasitol"},{"key":"645_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.008","author":"A Rostami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rostami A, Riahi SM, Gamble HR, Fakhri Y, Nourollahpour Shiadeh M, Danesh M, Behniafar H, Paktinat S, Foroutan M, Mokdad AH, et al. Global prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.01.008.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"645_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012198","volume":"18","author":"Y Mulu Gelaw","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mulu Gelaw Y, Worku Dagnew G, Degu Alene G, Gangneux JP, Robert-Gangneux F. ToxopGondiigondii seroprevalence among pregnant women in Afaica: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024;18(5):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012198.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"645_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117790","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117790","volume":"288","author":"A Rostami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rostami A, Riahi SM, Esfandyari S, Habibpour H, Mollalo A, Mirzapour A, Behniafar H, Mohammadi Moghadam S, Azizi Kyvanani N, Aghaei S, et al. Geo-climatic factors and prevalence of chronic toxoplasmosis in pregnant women: a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Environ Pollut. 2021;288:117790. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117790.","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"645_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liyanage KLD, Wiethoelter A, Hufschmid J, Jabbar A. Descriptive comparison of elisas for the detection of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in animals: a systematic review. Pathogens. 2021;10(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pathogens10050605.","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050605"},{"key":"645_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sickinger E, Gay-Andrieu F, Jonas G, Schultess J, Stieler M, Smith D, Hausmann M, Stricker R, Stricker R, Dhein J et al. Performance characteristics of the new ARCHITECT Toxo IgG and Toxo IgG Avidity assays. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2008; 62(3) : 235\u2013244, 2008, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.07.005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.07.005"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"645_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.08.016","volume":"48","author":"MS Roiko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roiko MS, LaFavers K, Leland D, Arrizabalaga G. ToxopGondiigondii-positive human sera recognise intracellular tachyzoites and bradyzoites with diverse patterns of immunoreactivity. Int J Parasitol. 2018;48(3\u20134):225\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.08.016.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"645_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104643","volume":"152","author":"AS Deshmukh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deshmukh AS, Gurupwar R, Mitra P, Aswale K, Shinde S, Chaudhari S. ToxopGondiigondii induces robust humoral immune response against cyst wall antigens in chronically infected animals and humans. Microb Pathog. 2021;152:104643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104643.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"645_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Huertas-L\u00f3pez, Cantos-Barreda A, S\u00b4anchez-S\u00b4anchez R, Mart\u00ednez-Carrasco C, Javier Ib\u00b4a\u02dcnez-L\u00b4opez F, Mart\u00ednez-Subiela S, Joaqu\u00edn Cer\u00b4on J. Alvarez-Garc\u00eda G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the validation of serological methods for detecting anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in humans and animals. Vet. Parasitol. 2024; 328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2024.110173"},{"issue":"7","key":"645_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182017000063","volume":"144","author":"LFP Gondim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gondim LFP, JMineo JR, Schares G. Importance of serological cross-reactivity among Toxoplasma Gondii, Hammondia spp., Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti. Parasitology. 2017;144(7):851\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0031182017000063.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"645_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v31i2.8","volume":"31","author":"EG Abraham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abraham EG, Moses AE, Motilewa USOO, Uwah AI, Itina EI, Umoh AN. Ocular toxoplasmosis among Livestock Farmers and raw meat handlers in Uyo. Nigeria Ethiop J Health Sci. 2021;31(2):257\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ejhs.v31i2.8.","journal-title":"Nigeria Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"645_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1255","volume":"9","author":"SH Hejazi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hejazi SH, Kalantari R, Jafari R, Ghayour Z, Nokhodian Z, Esmaeilifallah M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection in individuals occupationally exposed to livestock and raw meat: a case\u2013control study. Vet Med Sci. 2023;9(6):2642\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/vms3.1255.","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.237.1.93","volume":"237","author":"DR Weaver","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weaver DR, Newman LS, Lezotte DC, Morley PS. Perceptions regarding workplace hazards at a veterinary teaching hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010;237(1):93\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/javma.237.1.93.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"issue":"10","key":"645_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.47822","volume":"15","author":"S Al-Harbi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Harbi S, Al-Doweriej A, Aljaser M, Abdulrahman S, Alnuwais OS, Nader SM, Lulu H, Abdel-Moneim AS, Hussein MS, Abd-El-Rahman AH, Kasem S. Occupational Health hazards among veterinarians in Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023;15(10):1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.47822.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"645_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102402","volume":"84","author":"AS Deshmukh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deshmukh AS, Hebbar BK, Mitra P, Shinde S, Chaudhari S, Barbuddhe SB. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma Gondii infection among veterinary personnel and abattoir workers in Central India. Parasitol Int. 2021;84:102402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102402.","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-022-01575-x","volume":"19","author":"B Hajimohammadi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hajimohammadi B, Ahmadian S, Firoozi Z, Askari M, Mohammadi M, Eslami G, Askari V, Loni E, Barzegar-Bafrouei R, Javad Boozhmehrani M. A Meta-analysis of the prevalence of Toxoplasmosis in Livestock and Poultry Worldwide. EcoHealth. 2022;19(1):55\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10393-022-01575-x.","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-024-03939-7","volume":"20","author":"M Masombuka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masombuka M, Mphuthi MBN, Ngoshe YB, Mokolopi G, Gcebe N. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma Gondii in sheep and goats of North West Province, South Africa. BMC Vet Res. 2024;20(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12917-024-03939-7.","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"645_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.05.009","volume":"241","author":"D Kalambhe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kalambhe D, Gill JPS, Singh BB. Molecular detection of Toxoplasma Gondii in the slaughter sheep and goats from North India. Vet Parasitol. 2017;241:35\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.05.009.","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"645_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1262-1265","volume":"11","author":"NM Saad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saad NM, Hussein AAA, Ewida RM. Occurrence of Toxoplasma Gondii in raw goat, sheep, and camel milk in Upper. Egypt Vet World. 2018;11(9):1262\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14202\/vetworld.2018.1262-1265.","journal-title":"Egypt Vet World"},{"key":"645_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Galeh TM. Global status of Toxoplasma Gondii Seroprevalence in rodents: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Front Veterinary Sci. 2020;7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fvets.2020.00461.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00461"},{"key":"645_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"WHO-FAO. Fruit and vegetable for health: report of a joint FAO\/WHO workshop, 1\u20133 september 2004, Kobe, Japan. Handb. Plant Food Phytochem. 2004: 105\u2013137. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118464717.ch5","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118464717.ch5"},{"issue":"3","key":"645_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3923\/ijzr.2010.190.195","volume":"6","author":"WAI Al-Megrin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al-Megrin WAI. Prevalence of intestinal parasites in leafy vegetables in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Zool Res. 2010;6(3):190\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/ijzr.2010.190.195.","journal-title":"Int J Zool Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"645_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6358-9","volume":"19","author":"C Punsawad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Punsawad C, Phasuk N, Thongtup K, Nagavirochana S, Viriyavejakul P. Prevalence of parasitic contamination of raw vegetables in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-6358-9.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"645_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.4315\/JFP-20-160","volume":"84","author":"Z Dardona","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dardona Z, Al Hindi A, Hafidi M, Boumezzough A, Boussaa S. Occurrence of toxoplasma gondii on raw leafy vegetables in Gaza, palestine. J Food Prot. 2021;84(2):255\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4315\/JFP-20-160.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"645_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Escotte-Binet S, Biary A, Nast E, Laaouidi Y, Aubert D, Maarouf A, Harrak R, Villena I, Hafid J. Investigation of the Presence of Toxoplasma Gondii, Giardia Duodenalis, and Cryptosporidium spp. in drinking Waters in the region of Marrakech, Morocco. 2023; 86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfp.2023.100112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfp.2023.100112"},{"key":"645_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182020000086","volume":"147","author":"S Berrouch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berrouch S, Escotte-Binet S, Harrak R, Huguenin A, Flori P, Favennec L, Villena I, Hafid J. Detection methods and prevalence of transmission stages of Toxoplasma Gondii, Giardia Duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. in fresh vegetables : a review. Parasitology. 2020;147:516\u201332.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"645_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ait Hamou S and Laboudi M. An analytical study on the awareness and practice relating toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Casablanca, Morocco. BMC Public Health.2021; 21(1): 1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-021-10474-9.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10474-9"},{"key":"645_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hattoufi K, El Bissati K, Adlaoui EB, Aguenaou H, Kharbach A, Barkat A. Awareness of toxoplasmosis among postpartum women: a cross-sectional study in Morocco. Pan Afr Med J. 2022;41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2022.41.282.31049.","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2022.41.282.31049"},{"key":"645_CR80","unstructured":"Boussaa S, Ait Boujamaa S, Saida Id Laabas S, Lamtali S. Les Connaissances et le comportement des femmes enceintes par rapport a la toxoplasmose dans la region de Marrakech, maroc. Rev Sci Infirm Tech Sant\u00e9. 2022; 1."},{"issue":"3","key":"645_CR81","first-page":"188","volume":"27","author":"L Belyamani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Belyamani L, Hajouji M, Azendour H, Balkhi H, Haimeur C, Drissi NK, Atmani A. Cerebral toxoplasmosis revealing a neuro-aids. Mar Med. 2005;27(3):188\u201391.","journal-title":"Mar Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"645_CR82","first-page":"193","volume":"29","author":"B Bouchrik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bouchrik B, Naoui H, Boumhil L, El Mellouki W. Toxoplasmose c\u00e9r\u00e9brale Mar Med. 2007;29(3):193\u20136.","journal-title":"Toxoplasmose c\u00e9r\u00e9brale Mar Med"}],"container-title":["Gut Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00645-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00645-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00645-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]],"date-time":"2024-09-29T14:02:41Z","timestamp":1727618561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00645-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["645"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00645-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-4749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-4749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"53"}}