{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:56:57Z","timestamp":1776301017981,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mucormycosis is a highly lethal opportunistic fungal disease caused by ubiquitous molds of the order Mucorales, with Rhizopus, Lichtheimia and Mucor being the most common genera. This rare disease primarily affects immunocompromised patients, with presentations ranging from rhino-orbito-cerebral infections to disseminated mucormycosis with angioinvasion, leading to thrombosis and tissue infarction. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is the least common clinical presentation and is believed to be secondary to spore ingestion. It can involve multiple components of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the stomach, liver, ileum, and colon, with nonspecific manifestations, including pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension. The initial clinical presentation may even manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding due to gastric ulceration or intestinal perforation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Here we present the case of a 48-year-old male patient with a 9-year history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who was hospitalized in the context of febrile neutropenia and whose acute respiratory infection was documented; therefore, antibiotic treatment was initiated. However, due to persistent febrile peaks and peripheral blood showing documentation of multilineage cytopenias, a bone marrow biopsy was performed, compatible with presenting features of marrow myelodysplasia. During hospitalization, the patient presented left flank abdominal pain, and an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed signs of intussusception of a small bowel loop at the distal jejunum level, leading to intestinal obstruction with ischemic progression, requiring ileectomy (60\u00a0cm). Histopathological analysis of the resected intestine revealed severe transmural ischemic changes associated with venous thrombosis due to fungal structures, with histochemical studies demonstrating the presence of zygomycete (Mucor) fungal structures, leading to the initiation of treatment with amphotericin B. However, despite treatment, the patient experienced progressive clinical deterioration with persistent fever and ventilatory failure, with follow-up tests showing absolute neutropenia and blood cultures positive for yeast, leading to death 52 days after admission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The diagnosis of intestinal mucormycosis may be delayed due to the lack of specificity of the signs and symptoms. Pathologists as well as histopathological studies are essential for timely treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00658-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T12:31:28Z","timestamp":1731241888000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Venous intestinal ischemia of fungal origin as a cause of intestinal obstruction in immunocompromised patients: case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Diana Marcela","family":"Grajales-Urrego","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Mantilla-Sylvain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariam Carolina","family":"Rolon-Cadena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William Mauricio","family":"Basto-Borb\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21031081","author":"F Forghieri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forghieri F, Nasillo V, Bettelli F, Pioli V, Giusti D, Gilioli A, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia in patients living with HIV infection: several questions, fewer answers. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21031081.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPRAAE8LZ7DTNE","author":"S Antinori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Antinori S, Nebuloni M, Magni C, Fasan M, Adorni F, Viola A, et al. Trends in the Postmortem diagnosis of opportunistic invasive fungal infections in patients with AIDS. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/AJCPRAAE8LZ7DTNE.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"658_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2011.05.041","author":"JT De Yao","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Yao JT, Al-Ameri A, Garcia-Manero G, Quint\u00e1s-Cardama A. Infrequent presentations of mucormycosis in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome and acute leukemia: Case series and review of literature. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2011.05.041.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"key":"658_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105388","author":"M Didehdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Didehdar M, chegini Z, Moradabadi A, Anoushirvani AA, Tabaeian SP, Yousefimashouf M, et al. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis: a periodic systematic review of case reports from 2015 to 2021. Microb Pathog. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2022.105388.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6040265","author":"A Skiada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skiada A, Pavleas I, Drogari-Apiranthitou M. Epidemiology and diagnosis of mucormycosis: an update. J Fungi. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof6040265.","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-023-00775-5","author":"V Muthu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Muthu V, Agarwal R, Dhooria S, Sehgal IS, Prasad KT, Rudramurthy SM, et al. Mucormycosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: a systematic review of Case Reports. Mycopathologia. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11046-023-00775-5.","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mmcr.2012.07.003","author":"M Martinello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Martinello M, Nelson A, Bignold L, Shaw D. We are what we eat! Invasive intestinal mucormycosis: a case report and review of the literature. Med Mycol Case Rep. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mmcr.2012.07.003.","journal-title":"Med Mycol Case Rep"},{"key":"658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.06.013","author":"J Moreira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moreira J, Varon A, Galhardo MC, Santos F, Lyra M, Castro R, et al. The burden of mucormycosis in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review. J Infect. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.06.013.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2022-0141","author":"I Gupta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gupta I, Baranwal P, Singh G, Gupta V. Mucormycosis, past and present: a comprehensive review. Future Microbiol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/fmb-2022-0141.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof10010085","author":"R Ben-Ami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ben-Ami R. Experimental models to study the Pathogenesis and treatment of Mucormycosis. J Fungi. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof10010085.","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12281-019-0337-1","author":"S Challa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Challa S, Mucormycosis. Pathogenesis and Pathology. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12281-019-0337-1.","journal-title":"Curr Fungal Infect Rep"},{"key":"658_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00837-0","author":"SSM Soliman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Soliman SSM, Baldin C, Gu Y, Singh S, Gebremariam T, Swidergall M, et al. Mucoricin is a ricin-like toxin that is critical for the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Nat Microbiol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-020-00837-0.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05548-9","author":"T Yinadsawaphan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yinadsawaphan T, Ngamskulrungroj P, Chalermwai W, Dhitinanmuang W, Angkasekwinai N. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis due to Rhizopus microsporus following Streptococcus pyogenes toxic shock syndrome in an HIV patient: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-020-05548-9.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"658_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-021-00934-5","author":"A Sharma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sharma A, Goel A. Mucormycosis: risk factors, diagnosis, treatments, and challenges during COVID-19 pandemic. Folia Microbiol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-021-00934-5.","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol"},{"key":"658_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/gr1662","author":"Y Addasi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Addasi Y, Nguyen AH, Sabri A, Ahmad F, Rangray R, Velagapudi M. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis: a clinical review. Gastroenterol Res. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14740\/gr1662.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Res"}],"container-title":["Gut Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00658-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00658-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00658-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]],"date-time":"2024-11-10T13:03:04Z","timestamp":1731243784000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00658-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00658-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-4749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-4749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval to report this case was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Fundaci\u00f3n Santa Fe de Bogot\u00e1 University Hospital (approval no. CCEI-16624-2024) on June 24th, 2024.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for the publication of all patient photographs and medical information was provided by the authors at the time of article submission to the journal stating that all patients gave consent for their photographs and medical information to be published in print and online and with the understanding that this information may be publicly available.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"66"}}