{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T15:20:08Z","timestamp":1748964008904,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737072000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001323","name":"Poliomyelitis Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023732","name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Gut Pathog"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00672-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T10:01:50Z","timestamp":1737108110000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Significant abundance of bacterial flagellin and expression of its surface localized receptor toll-like receptor 5 and cytokine interleukin-22 in South African infants with poor oral rotavirus vaccine take"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Nontlantla J.","family":"Haindongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mapaseka","family":"Seheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cliff A.","family":"Magwira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du Y, Chen C, Zhang X et al. Global burden and trends of rotavirus infection-associated deaths from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Virol J. 2022; 19(166).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-022-01898-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"672_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70029-4","volume":"12","author":"MM Patel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patel MM, Glass R, Desai R, Tate JE, Parashar UD. Fulfilling the promise of rotavirus vaccines: how far have we come since licensure? Lancet Infect Dis. 2012;12(7):561\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"672_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ807","volume":"62","author":"DM Emperador","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emperador DM, Velasquez DE, Estivariz CF, Lopman B, Jiang B, Parashar U, Anand A, Zaman K. Interference of Monovalent, Bivalent, and trivalent oral Poliovirus vaccines on Monovalent Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in Rural Bangladesh. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(2):150\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"672_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1274474","volume":"13","author":"MY Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen MY, Kirkwood CD, Bines J, Cowley D, Pavlic D, Lee KJ, Orsini F, Watts E, Barnes G, Danchin M. Rotavirus specific maternal antibodies and immune response to RV3-BB neonatal rotavirus vaccine in New Zealand. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13(5):1126\u201335.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"5","key":"672_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix028","volume":"215","author":"AM Kazi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kazi AM, Cortese MM, Yu Y, Lopman B, Morrow AL, Fleming JA, McNeal MM, Steele AD, Parashar UD, Zaidi AKM, Ali A. Secretor and Salivary ABO Blood Group Antigen Status Predict Rotavirus Vaccine take in infants. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(5):786\u20139.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"52","key":"672_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.11.025","volume":"38","author":"CA Magwira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magwira CA, Kgosana LP, Esona MD, Seheri ML. Low fecal rotavirus vaccine virus shedding is significantly associated with non-secretor histo-blood group antigen phenotype among infants in northern Pretoria, South Africa. Vaccine. 2020;38(52):8260\u20133.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"672_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw518","volume":"215","author":"VC Harris","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harris VC, Armah G, Fuentes S, Korpela KE, Parashar U, Victor JC, Tate J, de Weerth C, Giaquinto C, Wiersinga WJ, Lewis KD, de Vos WM. Significant correlation between the infant gut microbiome and Rotavirus Vaccine Response in Rural Ghana. J Infect Dis. 2017;215(1):34\u201341.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"672_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1376162","volume":"9","author":"VC Harris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harris VC, Ali A, Fuentes S, Korpela K, ha M, Tate J, Parashar U, Wiersinga WJ, Giaquinto C, de Weerth C, de Vos WM. Rotavirus vaccine response correlates with the infant gut microbiota composition in Pakistan. Gut Microbes. 2018;9(2):93\u2013101.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"1","key":"672_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb-2017-0128","volume":"13","author":"EP Parker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parker EP, Ramani S, Lopman BA, Church JA, Iturriza-G\u00f3mara M, Prendergast AJ, Grassly NC. Causes of impaired oral vaccine efficacy in developing countries. Future Microbiol. 2018;13(1):97\u2013118.","journal-title":"Future Microbiol"},{"key":"672_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256999","volume":"346","author":"B Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang B, Chassaing B, Shi Z, Uchiyama R, Zhang Z, Denning TL, et al. Viral infection. Prevention and cure of rotavirus infection via TLR5\/ NLRC4-mediated production of IL-22 and IL-18. Science. 2014;346:861\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1256999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"672_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.9","volume":"2","author":"M Vijay-Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vijay-Kumar M, Gewirtz AT. Flagellin: key target of mucosal innate immunity. Mucosal Immunol. 2009;2(3):197\u2013205.","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"672_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002862","volume":"186","author":"AH Broquet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Broquet AH, Hirata Y, McAllister CS, Kagnoff MF. RIG-I\/MDA5\/MAVS are required to signal a protective IFN response in rotavirus infected intestinal epithelium. J Immun1ol. 2011;186:1618\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1002862","journal-title":"J Immun1ol"},{"issue":"1","key":"672_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010046","volume":"10","author":"H Ingle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ingle H, Peterson ST, Baldridge MT. Distinct effects of type I and III interferons on enteric viruses. Viruses. 2018;10(1):46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v10010046","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"7415","key":"672_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11550","volume":"489","author":"CA Lozupone","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lozupone CA, Stombaugh JI, Gordon JI, Jansson JK, Knight R. Diversity, stability, and resilience of the human gut microbiota. Nature. 2012;489(7415):220\u201330.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"672_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.27388","volume":"10","author":"R Gautam","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gautam R, Esona MD, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Ian Tam K, Gentsch JR, Bowen MD. Real-time RT-PCR assays to differentiate wild-type group a rotavirus strains from Rotarix(\u00ae) and RotaTeq(\u00ae) vaccine strains in faecal samples. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(3):767\u201377.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"672_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Green MR, Sambrook J. Optimizing primer and probe concentrations for Use in Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2018;2018(10).","DOI":"10.1101\/pdb.prot095018"},{"key":"672_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kgosana LP, Seheri ML, Magwira CA. Abundance of Selected Lipopolysaccharide-Rich Bacteria and Levels of Toll-like Receptor 4 and Interleukin 8 Expression Are Significantly Associated with Live Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine Shedding among South Africans Infants. Vaccines. 2024, 12, 273.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines12030273"},{"issue":"6","key":"672_CR18","first-page":"1639","volume":"76","author":"AA Falah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Falah AA, Ghalib FR, Hasan SH. Role of toll-like receptor 5 in the development of Ulcerative Colitis. Arch Razi Inst. 2021;76(6):1639\u201343.","journal-title":"Arch Razi Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"672_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2021.05.002","volume":"39","author":"E Nasiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nasiri E, Kariminik A. Up-regulation of AIM2 and TLR4 and down-regulation of NLRC4 are associated with septicemia. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2021;39(3):334\u20138.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"672_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4531","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.286492","volume":"287","author":"I Rudloff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rudloff I, Bachmann M, Pfeilschifter J, M\u00fchl H. Mechanisms of Rapid induction of Interleukin-22 in activated T cells and its modulation by Cyclosporin A. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(7):4531\u201343.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"672_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02465.x","volume":"136","author":"SL Lorey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lorey SL, Huang YC, Sharma V. Constitutive expression of interleukin-18 and interleukin-18 receptor mRNA in tumour derived human B-cell lines. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004;136(3):456\u201362.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"672_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24252","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024252","volume":"6","author":"AD Colantonio","year":"2011","unstructured":"Colantonio AD, Epeldegui M, Jesiak M, Jachimowski L, Blom B, Uittenbogaart CH. IFN-\u03b1 is constit2utively expressed in the human thymus, but not in peripheral lymphoid organs. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(8):e24252.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"672_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.73","volume":"3","author":"TD Schmittgen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 2008;3(6):1101\u20138.","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"672_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27074-1","volume":"12","author":"EPK Parker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parker EPK, Bronowski C, Sindhu KNC, Babji S, Benny B, Carmona-Vicente N, Chasweka N, Chinyama E, Cunliffe NA, et al. Impact of maternal antibodies and microbiota development on the immunogenicity of oral rotavirus vaccine in African, Indian, and European infants. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):7288.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"672_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvacx.2019.100005","volume":"1","author":"JL Walker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walker JL, Andrews NJ, Atchison CJ, Collins S, Allen DJ, Ramsay ME, Ladhani SN, Thomas SL. Effectiveness of oral rotavirus vaccination in England against Rotavirus-confirmed and all-cause acute gastroenteritis. Vaccine X. 2019;1:100005.","journal-title":"Vaccine X"},{"key":"672_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0904797","volume":"362","author":"SA Madhi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madhi SA, Cunliffe NA, Steele AD, Witte D, Kirsten M, Louw C, et al. Effect of human rotavirus vaccine on severe gastroenteritis in African infants. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:289\u201398.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"672_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5650","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13538-y","volume":"10","author":"HQ Tran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tran HQ, Ley RE, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Flagellin-elicited adaptive immunity suppresses flagellated microbiota and vaccinates against chronic inflammatory diseases. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):5650.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"672_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301893","volume":"192","author":"AH Lopez-Yglesias","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lopez-Yglesias AH, Zhao X, Quarles EK, Lai MA, Vandenbos T, Strong RK, et al. Flagellin induces antibody responses through a TLR5- and inflammasome-independent pathway. J Immunol. 2014;192:1587\u201396.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"672_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2015.33","volume":"13","author":"W Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li W, Yang J, Zhang E, et al. Activation of NLRC4 downregulates TLR5-mediated antibody immune responses against flagellin. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13:514\u201323.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"20","key":"672_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12366","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232012366","volume":"23","author":"H Chebly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chebly H, Marvaud J-C, Safa L, Elkak AK, Kobeissy PH, Kansau I, Larrazet C. Clostridioides Difficile Flagellin activates the intracellular NLRC4 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(20):12366.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Gut Pathogens"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00672-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00672-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00672-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T10:01:57Z","timestamp":1737108117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00672-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13099-024-00672-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1757-4749"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1757-4749","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"3"}}