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While it primarily causes gastrointestinal infections, there are rare complications, such as bacteremia, that mainly occur in young children. We present a case of dysentery caused by\n                      <jats:italic>Shigella flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotype 1c, followed by bacteremia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 13-month-old Afghan child presented with fever, dysentery, distended abdomen, mild tenderness, and dehydration. He did not respond to empirical treatment with ceftriaxone. However, he was successfully treated with a combination of gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. This is the first report of a patient in Iran who was positive for\n                      <jats:italic>S. flexneri<\/jats:italic>\n                      serotype 1c and harbored the\n                      <jats:italic>ipaB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ipaC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ipaD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ipaH<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>ipgD<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>virA<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>sen<\/jats:italic>\n                      virulence factors.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This case alerts clinicians to consider the possibility of\n                      <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteremia in young children. Early and accurate diagnosis can improve management and prognosis to reduce the risk of fatality outcomes. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to characterize the role of\n                      <jats:italic>Shigella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. virulence genes in causing bacteremia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-026-00804-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T17:04:15Z","timestamp":1771088655000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shigella flexneri 1c bacteremia in a child: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mehrzad","family":"Sadredinamin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zohreh","family":"Ghalavand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Rostamyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raana","family":"Kazemzadeh Anari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Mohammadreza","family":"Hosseini Imeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bahram","family":"Nikmanesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"804_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2023.10.015","volume":"57","author":"C-S Tsai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsai C-S, Wang J-L, Liao Y-S, Fukushige M, Chiou C-S, Ko W-C. 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